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Knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis among multi ethnic people attending the orthopaedic clinic at universiti kebangsaan malaysia medical centre
Abstract
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with an osteoporosis prevalence of 24.1% in 2005. Only few study reported on osteoporosis awareness. Aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge regarding osteoporosis among persons attending orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 368 participants (male and female) aged 20 years old or older, was assessed using the Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ). The mean total OPQ score was 1.7 (SD ± 3.08; range -5 to 9; maximum possible score 20). Subjects with family history of osteoporosis and high education level were found to have significantly higher OPQ scores (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) with respect to different age groups, gender, ethnicities, and menopausal status. The main source of osteoporosis knowledge was magazine/newspaper (45.9%). An overall low score indicates that new strategies to increase awareness of osteoporosis among the public is urgently required.
... The attitude of the participants regarding osteoporosis was determined using the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), which comprises a total of 42 items in seven subscales. The subscales are, namely; perceived susceptibility (items 1-6), perceived seriousness (items 7-12), exercise benefits (items [13][14][15][16][17][18], calcium benefits (items [19][20][21][22][23][24], exercise barriers (items [25][26][27][28][29][30], calcium barriers (items [31][32][33][34][35][36], and health motivation (items 37-42) [18]. ...
... A five-point Likert scale was adopted in this questionnaire, from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. However, the reverse points were given for negatively worded items (items [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The maximum score for OHBS is 210. ...
... Overall, this study revealed that Malaysian Chinese young adults had low levels of osteoporosis knowledge, which is in line with previous studies on osteoporosis knowledge among private university students [24], Malaysian adults [25], and Malaysian post-menopausal women [26]. This could be because most disease awareness programs in Malaysia focus on diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases, with not much emphasis given to osteoporosis [27]. ...
Background
Osteoporosis is a major public health issue with huge socioeconomic implications. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude regarding osteoporosis with sufficient dietary calcium intake are important to prevent osteoporosis, especially in young adults. Nonetheless, data on the knowledge and attitude regarding osteoporosis, dietary calcium intake and its food sources among the high-risk population, including Malaysian Chinese are limited.
Objective
The study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude regarding osteoporosis, dietary calcium intake, and food sources of calcium among young Malaysian Chinese.
Methods
A total of 130 Malaysian Chinese aged 18 to 26 years living in Klang Valley were recruited. Knowledge and attitude regarding osteoporosis were assessed using the Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS). Dietary calcium intake and food sources were obtained from a 7-day diet history.
Results
Participants had low knowledge regarding osteoporosis (48.8% ± 16.6), but moderate knowledge (53.2% ± 17.9) regarding preventive measures of osteoporosis. The median dietary calcium intake was 546 mg/day and only 6.2% of the participants achieved the Recommended Nutrients Intake (RNI). There was a discernible weak positive correlation between knowledge and dietary calcium intake (r = 0.192, p = 0.029).
Conclusion
Young Malaysian Chinese adults exhibited low knowledge about osteoporosis and reported inadequate dietary calcium intake. Thus, there is a need for community-based health education programs focusing on osteoporosis awareness among Malaysian young adults.
... Higher education level showed better knowledge, understanding and awareness about osteoporosis since they tend to be more curious and have opportunities to learn about health-preventive behaviour [39,40]. ...
Introduction: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding osteoporosis and relation to calcium intake is crucial, especially for women who are at risk of developing osteoporosis. This study aims to determine the association between KAP osteoporosis and calcium intake and identify the mean differences of KAP osteoporosis and calcium intake with sociodemographic background. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 174 women in the Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan using stratified random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, KAP osteoporosis and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine dietary calcium intake. Results: Participants aged 22.0 (IQR 3.0) years old, majority were Malays (80%) students (85%) and single (89%). Most of the participants had poor KAP scores (64%) [Mean score: 46.82 ± 10.50] with poor knowledge (56%) and poor attitude (96%) regarding osteoporosis. Majority of the participants (71%) did not meet the RNI calcium requirement (1000 mg/day) with a median (IQR) of 791.93 (577.08) mg/day. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and practice regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.40) as well as a moderate positive correlation of knowledge and attitudes regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.22) and weak significant correlation between attitudes and practices regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.16). Conclusion: Young adult women has poor knowledge and poor attitude regarding osteoporosis and did not achieve the calcium intake. Further studies may be required to investigate other sociodemographic backgrounds and lifestyle factors that can impact on KAP of osteoporosis and calcium intake involving younger age group.
... Higher education level showed better knowledge, understanding and awareness about osteoporosis since they tend to be more curious and have opportunities to learn about health-preventive behaviour [39,40]. ...
Introduction: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding osteoporosis and relation to calcium intake is crucial, especially for women who are at risk of developing osteoporosis. This study aims to determine the association
between KAP osteoporosis and calcium intake and identify the mean differences of KAP osteoporosis and calcium intake with sociodemographic background. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 174 women in the Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan using stratified random sampling.
The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, KAP osteoporosis and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine dietary calcium intake. Results: Participants aged 22.0 (IQR 3.0) years old, majority were Malays (80%)
students (85%) and single (89%). Most of the participants had poor KAP scores (64%) [Mean score: 46.82 ± 10.50] with poor knowledge (56%) and poor attitude (96%) regarding osteoporosis. Majority of the participants (71%) did not meet the RNI calcium requirement (1000 mg/day) with a median (IQR) of 791.93 (577.08) mg/day. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and practice regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.40) as well as a moderate positive correlation of knowledge and attitudes regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.22) and weak significant
correlation between attitudes and practices regarding osteoporosis (r = 0.16). Conclusion: Young adult women has poor knowledge and poor attitude regarding osteoporosis and did not achieve the calcium intake. Further studies
may be required to investigate other sociodemographic backgrounds and lifestyle factors that can impact on KAP of osteoporosis and calcium intake involving younger age group.
... BMD was also a helpful indicator for AOM initiation as the majority of our patients had osteoporotic BMD. As reported in our study, the proportion of Chinese fragility fracture patients was higher than the other ethnicities, and family history of osteoporosis has been linked to higher osteoporosis awareness [24]. This could possibly result in higher AOM initiation. ...
Unlabelled:
Fracture begets fracture, pharmacological treatment is needed to prevent secondary fractures. This study found that there was a fragility fracture care gap where both bone health investigations and treatment initiation rates were low. Strategies such as Fracture Liaison Service is needed to address the care gap.
Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the clinical burden and secondary fracture prevention of fragility fractures at a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.
Methods:
Electronic medical records of all patients admitted with fragility fractures between 1 January 2017-31 December 2018 were reviewed. Patients < 50 years old, with non-fragility fractures, restricted access to medical records, transferred to another hospital or who passed away during admission were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise patients' characteristics, frequency of fragility fractures, and secondary fracture prevention details. Binomial logistic regression was performed to analyse predictive factors for post-fracture bone health assessments and treatment initiation.
Results:
1030 patients [female (767/1030, 74.5%)] presented with 1071 fractures [hip fractures (378/1071, 35.3%)]. 170/993 (17.1%) patients were initiated on anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs) and 148/984 (15.0%) had bone mineral density (BMD) performed within 1-year post-fracture. Less than half (42.4%) of the patients remained on treatment at 1-year post-fracture. Older patients [65-74 years old: odds ratio (OR) = 2.18, 95%CI 1.05-4.52, p = 0.04; ≥ 75 years: OR = 3.06, 95%CI 1.54-6.07, p < 0.01], hip fractures (OR = 1.95, 95%CI 1.23-3.11, p < 0.01), Chinese ethnicity (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.07-3.35, p = 0.03),previously diagnosed with osteoporosis (OR = 2.65, 95%CI:1.32-5.31, p < 0.01) and a BMD test performed (OR = 12.48, 95%CI 8.04-19.37, p < 0.01) were found to have higher AOM initiation. Patients with past diagnosis of osteoporosis (OR = 4.45, 95%CI 2.25-8.81, p < 0.01) and initiated on AOM (OR = 11.34, 95%CI 7.57-16.97, p < 0.01) had a higher likelihood to undergo BMD testing.
Conclusion:
The AOM initiation and BMD testing rates were low. There is a need to address the fragility fracture care gap with strategies such as Fracture Liaison Service.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder commonly found among the elderly, in which the bones become weak, brittle, and more susceptible to fracture. Adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards the disease and osteoprotective activities may prevent osteoporosis, but comprehensive studies to verify this hypothesis are limited in Malaysia. This study aims to bridge the research gap by determining the levels of knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding osteoporosis and their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) among men and women ≥ 40 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this cross-sectional study, 786 Malaysians (382 men, 404 women) completed a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs, and osteoprotective practices, and underwent BMD scan using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The current study found moderate levels of knowledge and beliefs regarding osteoporosis but poor osteoprotective practices. Osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and practices were significantly different based on subjects’ demographic characteristics (p < 0.05). Osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs were correlated significantly with osteoprotective practices (p < 0.05). Bone health status of the subjects was associated positively with calcium supplement intake, and negatively with exercise barriers and smoking status of the subjects (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was noted between osteoporosis knowledge and bone health (p > 0.05). Conclusively, despite some correlations between individual components, the detachment between bone health knowledge and beliefs, and osteoprotective practices among Malaysians is apparent. Integrating all three components into a comprehensive osteoporosis prevention program is warranted.
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