Thesis

L'évolution des politiques urbaines et leurs influences sur la criminalité : regards croisés Algérie-France

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Abstract

La métropolisation que connait le monde depuis quelques décennies a créé une hypertrophie urbaine, faisant de la sécurité urbaine un enjeu primordial pour les Etats. Après avoir démontré l’existence d’un lien fort entre urbanisation et criminalité, nous avons examiné l’influence des politiques urbaines sur la criminalité urbaine. Les études criminologiques et sociologiques menées par de nombreux chercheurs dont Durkheim, Szabo, Shaw et McKay, nous ont servi de base scientifique afin de mener des travaux de recherche sur le terrain. De Lyon à Oran, notre analyse compare l’évolution et l’efficience des politiques urbaines françaises et algériennes. Les résultats de nos recherches démontrent l’influence des politiques urbaines de constructions massives sur le développement de zones urbaines anomiques et socio-économiquement ségréguées, mais également l’impact de l’hyper sécurisation sur le sentiment de sécurité et la cohésion urbaine.

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... Notably, scholars such as Jouve (2007), Semmoud (2009), andBelhimer (2015) emphasize the role of social regulation through the instrumentalisation of social cohesion as an urban management policy aimed at enhancing territorial competitiveness. Tsaki (2018), in his research, compares the European experience, which focuses on security, diversity, and urban renewal objectives, with the Algerian experience centred around housing construction and the mitigation of precarious dwellings. ...
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When an urban practice operates outside the normative mechanisms established by public authorities, it is considered informal. Over the course of several years, the Algerian State has undertaken multiple initiatives to combat illegal dwellings, with the primary objective of regularizing these forms of housing without any associated land appropriation. The aim of this research is to analyse the rapid proliferation of the urban fabric in Constantine, which has resulted in the emergence of new forms of unregulated urbanization since the liberalization of the real estate market in 1990. Illicit urban neighbourhoods have formed, characterized by well-constructed houses. The legislative power is currently committed to regularizing the vast majority of these illegal quarters within a few years.
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