Preliminary Flora and Vegetation of the Sierra la Elenita-la Mariquita Sky Island Complex, Sonora, Mexico

Abstract

We present a preliminary vascular flora for the Sierra la Elenita-la Mariquita Sky Island complex near Cananea, Sonora, Mexico. Expeditions and collecting trips between 2009 and 2018, along with historical collections, recorded 320 taxa in 65 families, with Asteraceae (55 taxa), Poaceae (41 taxa), and Fabaceae (36 taxa) as the most diverse families.

Full text

6The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Fall 2018
Abstract
We present a preliminary vascular flora for the Sierra la
Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island complex near Cananea,
Sonora, Mexico. Expeditions and collecting trips between
2009 and 2018, along with historical collections, recorded 320
taxa in 65 families, with Asteraceae (55 taxa), Poaceae (41
taxa), and Fabaceae (36 taxa) as the most diverse families.
Preliminary Flora and Vegetation of the Sierra
la Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island Complex,
Sonora, Mexico
by Susan D. Carnahan1, Thomas R. Van Devender2, Ana-Lilia Reina-Guerrero2, John L. Anderson3,
José Jesús Sánchez-Escalante4, and Guillermo Molina-Padilla5
1University of Arizona Herbarium, 1140 E. South Campus Dr., Tucson,
AZ 85721. 2GreaterGood.org, 6262 N. Swan Rd., Suite 150, Tucson, AZ
85718. 3PO Box 20911, Wickenburg, AZ 85358. 4Herbario USON,
Universidad de Sonora-DICTUS Edificio 1A,
Niños Héroes entre
Rosales y Pino Suárez
, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, CP
83000. 5Av. Juarez No. 14, Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, CP 84620.
Introduction
In the 1860s, geologist and raconteur Raphael Pumpelly
described the isolated mountain ranges in Arizona, New
Mexico, and Sonora as “islands from the sea” (Wallace 1965).
These Sky Islands (Islas Serranas in Spanish) are surrounded
by “seas” of grassland, desertscrub, thornscrub, or tropical
deciduous forest. Here, we present the preliminary vascular
flora for the Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island complex
in northern Sonora, Mexico.
The two sierras directly west and northwest of the town of
Cananea are connected by a belt of oak woodland at 1,862 m.
(6,108 ft.) elevation in Puerto Cananea, 34 kilometers (21.2
mi.) south of the Arizona border. The elevations are 1,307–
continued next page
Figure 1. Oak woodland and pine-oak forest vegetation in the Sierra la Elenita. Photo by Thomas R. Van Devender.

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 7
2,486 m. (4,288–8,156 ft., range of 1,179 m. [3,868 ft.]) in the
Sierra la Elenita (Figure 1) and 1,230–2,498 m. (4,035–8,196
ft., range of 1,268 m. [4,161 ft.]) in the Sierra la Mariquita.
The eastern slopes of the mountain complex are in the
headwaters of the San Pedro River that flows northward into
Arizona. The western slopes of both ranges drain toward the
Arroyo Cuitaca, which joins the Río Cocóspera and
eventually the Río Magdalena. The south end
of the Sierra la Elenita drains to the Río
Bacanuchi, which flows into the Río
Sonora.
The Sierra la Elenita is owned by the
private mining company Mina
Buenavista del Cobre, with
inholdings by Ejido Vicente
Guerrero, Mina Frisco, and other
private interests. General Ignacio
Pesqueira, the Governor of Sonora,
relocated to Cananea in the 1860s and
reopened many silver and gold mines
abandoned by the Spanish. He reportedly named
the mountain range the Sierra la Elenita for his wife Elena.
The Sierra la Mariquita is owned by the Instituto Nacional de
Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE) and features the
Observatorio Astrofísico Guillermo Haro (Figure 2),
inaugurated in 1987 and named in honor of Mexican
astronomer Guillermo Haro-Barraza (1913–1988). In 2015,
the Sierra la Mariquita was designated a Voluntary Land
Conservation Area in the Comisión de Áreas Naturales
Protegidas federal system (Van Devender and Reina-G. 2015,
Van Devender 2017). It is named for the mariquitas or
convergent lady beetles (Hippodamia convergens) that gather
on its peak (Figure 3B).
Numerous collecting trips and expeditions to Sierra la
Elenita–la Mariquita complex have resulted in the
establishment of a rich databank of plant and animal
specimens and observations. Dale and Allan Zimmerman
collected plants in la Mariquita in 1972, and
Victor Steinmann, Michael Wilson, and
Jared Shortman collected plants there in
1996. Aaron D. Flesch and Jeremy
Russell recorded tree species on bird
transects in la Mariquita in May–
June 2009 and the Sierra la Elenita
in May 2011. Madrean Archipelago
Biodiversity Assessment (MABA)
trips to la Mariquita in June 2009,
September 2010, and August 2013
documented plants. Madrean
Discovery Expedition (MDE) Sierra la
Elenita documented plants in April–May
2016; other visits took place in September 2015 and
August 2016. La Catalina, on the east slope of the Sierra la
Elenita, was visited ten times from 2016 to 2018 by MDE.
Although the results of these studies were not formally
published, details about their collections and observations are
available through SEINet and MABA/MDE portals.
Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island Complex continued
Figure 3. Southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) in the Sierra la Mariquita. A. Branch with cones. B. Branch with needles and
convergent lady beetles (Hippodamia convergens). Photos by Thomas R. Van Devender.
continued next page
Figure 2. Observatorio Astrofísico Guillermo Haro on the Sierra la
Mariquita. Photo courtesy of INAOE.

8The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Fall 2018
Flora
A total of 320 plant taxa in 65 families are recorded for Sierra
la Elenita–la Mariquita complex, 207 (65%) of which have
been vouchered or photographed. Dominant families are
Asteraceae (55 taxa, including 2 non-natives), Poaceae (41
taxa, including 11 non-natives), Fabaceae (36 taxa, including 2
non-natives), Pteridaceae (9 taxa), Euphorbiaceae (8 taxa),
Amaranthaceae (7 taxa, including one non-native),
Asparagaceae (7 taxa), Brassicaceae (7 taxa, including 2 non-
natives), Lamiaceae (7 taxa, including 2 non-natives), and
Solanaceae (7 taxa). The most diverse genera are Aristida (6
taxa), Euphorbia (6 taxa), Ipomoea (6 taxa), Brickellia (5 taxa),
Pinus (5 taxa), Quercus (5 taxa), and Eragrostis (4 taxa).
Twenty-six species (8.1%) are non-native. The vegetative
communities of this Sky Island complex include scrub
grassland at the lowest elevations, oak woodland on the
slopes, and pine-oak forest at
the highest elevations. The
summits feature regionally
significant populations of
southwestern white pine
(Pinus strobiformis) (Figure 3)
as well as Apache pine (P.
engelmannii), Gambel oak
(Quercus gambelii), and
quaking aspen/álamo temblón
(Populus tremuloides) (Figure
4). These high-elevation trees
are familiar features of Arizona
Sky Islands but are much rarer
in Sonora. Other noteworthy
plants in the study area are mostly shared with Arizona, such
as: Huachuca Mountain Indian paintbrush (Castilleja
patriotica (Figure 5), lesser Indian paintbrush (C. minor var.
minor), Heller’s draba (Draba helleriana) (Figure 6), Sonoran
bird’s-foot trefoil (Hosackia alamosana) (Figure 7), Wilcox
nipple cactus (Mammillaria wrightii var. wilcoxii) (Figure 8),
mutton grass (Poa fendleriana), Navajo cinquefoil (Potentilla
subviscosa var. ramulosa), and ponderosa violet (Viola
umbraticola). Perilla (Lopezia gracilis) is an annual member of
the Onagraceae with delicate white and pink flowers (Figure
9) found in the Sierra Madre Occidental and reaching its
northern distribution limit in the Sierra la Mariquita.
Although the Sierra la Mariquita is a federally-protected
range, the Sierra la Elenita is entirely privately owned and
Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island Complex continued
Figure 4. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Sierra la Mariquita. Photo by Ana Lilia Reina-G. Figure 5. Huachuca Mountain Indian
paintbrush (Castilleja patriotica) in the Sierra la Mariquita. Photo by J. Jesús Sánchez-E.
Figure 6. Heller’s draba (Draba helleriana). Figure 7. Sonoran bird’s-foot trefoil (Hosackia alamosana).
Photos by Susan D. Carnahan.
continued next page

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 9
faces grave threats from human activities, including mineral
exploration, deforestation, tailings accumulation, and
pollution. In 2014, 40 million liters (approx. 11,000 gallons) of
a copper sulfate solution spilled from a Buenavista del Cobre
leaching pond into the Ríos Bacanuchi and Sonora. The spill
jeopardized the water source for approximately 25,000 people
in seven municipalities. Guillermo Molina reports that as of
May 2018 much of the east flank of the Sierra la Elenita was
being actively deforested; there have been few or no biological
surveys of this part of the mountain.
The Huachuca Mountains in Arizona are the sister range of
the Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita complex. Bowers and
McLaughlin (1996) published the flora of the Huachucas with
994 taxa. Additional taxa from the Huachuca Mountains,
discovered in floristic inventories by the Coronado National
Forest and the Coronado National Memorial, are available in
the SEINet databases (http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/
collections/index.php). A total of 281 species in the Sierra la
Elenita–la Mariquita flora (89.0%) are shared with the
Huachuca Mountains. This similarity is not surprising
considering that the northern edge of the Sierra la Mariquita
is only 28 km south-southeast of Montezuma Pass.
Exploration of the northern Sierra la Mariquita should
increase the similarity.
The preliminary flora of the Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita is
an important contribution to our knowledge of the floristic
diversity of the Sonoran Sky Islands.
Acknowledgements
George Ferguson reviewed and improved a draft of the
manuscript. Russell Kleinman at Western New Mexico
University provided a scan of a Mammillaria specimen sheet.
Chris Roll, Gertrudis Yanes-A., Jeff Sartain, Maria de la Paz
Montañez-A., Robert A. Villa, Eric Wallace, Vera Markgraf,
and Toby Van Devender helped in the field. Jeff Sartain
provided his image of Lopezia gracilis. GreaterGood.org
sponsored several expeditions to the Sierra la Elenita–la
Mariquita complex.
a
Literature Cited
Bowers, J.E., and S.P. McLaughlin. 1996. Flora of the Huachuca
Mountains, a botanically rich and historically significant Sky Island
in Cochise County, Arizona. J. Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science
29:66–107.
Reina-G., A.L., and T.R. Van Devender. 2005. Floristic comparison of
an Arizona “sky island” and the Sierra Madre Occidental in eastern
Sonora: The Huachuca Mountains and the Yécora area. Pp. 154–
157 in G.J. Gottfried, B.S. Gebow, L.G. Eskew, and C.B. Edminster
(compilers). Connecting mountain islands and desert seas:
Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago II.
Proceedings RMRS-P-36, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain
Research Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Van Devender, T.R., and A.L. Reina-G. 2015. Sierra la Mariquita – A
new Sky Island reserve. The Plant Press 38:22-23.
Van Devender, T.R., and A.L. Reina-G. 2016. The tropical Madrean
flora of Yécora, Sonora, Mexico. Phytoneuron 7:1–23.
Van Devender, T.R. 2017. Another milestone for the Sky Islands. The
Plant Press 40:27.
Wallace, A. (ed.). 1965. Pumpelly’s Arizona: An excerpt from across
America and Asia by Raphael Pumpelly, comprising those chapters
which concern the Southwest. Palo Verde Press, Tucson. Excerpted
from Raphael Pumpelly (1870), Across America and Asia: Notes of
a five years’ journey around the world and of residence in Arizona,
Japan and China, Leypoldt & Holt, New York.
Sierra la Elenita–la Mariquita Sky Island Complex continued
Figure 8. Wilcox nipple cactus (Mammillaria wrightii var. wilcoxii). Photo by Susan D. Carnahan. Figure 9. Perilla (Lopezia
gracilis) in the Sierra la Mariquita. Photo by Je Sartain.

10 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Fall 2018
An asterisk (*) denotes non-native
status.
Pteridophytes
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum hyemale L.
PTERIDACEAE
Argyrochosma limitanea (Maxon)
Windham
Bommeria hispida (Mett. ex Kuhn)
Underwood
Myriopteris aurea (Poir.) Grusz &
Windham
Myriopteris fendleri (Hook.) E. Fourn.
Myriopteris lindheimeri (Hook.) J. Sm.
Myriopteris rufa Fée
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link
Pellaea wrightiana Hook.
Gymnosperms
CUPRESSACEAE
Juniperus deppeana Steud.
PINACEAE
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus chihuahuana Engelm.
Pinus discolor D.K. Bailey &
Hawksworth
Pinus engelmannii Carr.
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Eudicots
ACANTHACEAE
Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Juss.
Dyschoriste decumbens (A. Gray)
Kuntze
AMARANTHACEAE
* Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.
Chenopodium arizonicum Standl.
Chenopodium neomexicanum Standl.
Dysphania graveolens (Willd.)
Mosyakin & Clemants
Gomphrena nitida Rothr.
Guilleminea densa (Humb. & Bonpl.
ex Willd.) Moq.
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus aromatica Ait.
Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray var.
choriophylla (Wooton & Standl.) L.D.
Benson
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
var. divaricatum (Greene) Barkl.
APIACEAE
Eryngium lemmonii J.M. Coult. & Rose
APOCYNACEAE
Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Asclepias elata Benth.
Asclepias lemmonii A. Gray
ARALIACEAE
Aralia humilis Cav.
ASTERACEAE
Ageratina herbacea (A. Gray) R.M.
King & H. Rob.
Aldama cordifolia (A. Gray) E.E. Schill.
& Panero
Amauriopsis dissecta (A. Gray) Rydb.
Ambrosia confertiflora DC.
Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.
Artemisia dracunculus L.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray
Baccharis thesioides Kunth
Bidens pilosa L. [B. odorata Cav.]
Brickellia betonicifolia A. Gray
Brickellia californica (Torr. & A. Gray)
A. Gray
Brickellia floribunda A. Gray
Brickellia rusbyi A. Gray
Brickellia simplex A. Gray
Carminatia tenuiflora Dc.
Carphochaete bigelovii A. Gray
Cirsium arizonicum (A. Gray) Petr.
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.
Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers.
Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray
Erigeron neomexicanus A. Gray
Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton
& Rusby
Gutierrezia wrightii A. Gray
Helianthus annuus L.
Heliopsis parvifolia A. Gray
Heterosperma pinnatum Cav.
Hieracium fendleri Sch. Bip.
Hymenothrix wrightii A. Gray
Iostephane heterophylla (Cav.) Benth.
* Lactuca serriola L.
Lasianthaea podocephala (A. Gray)
K.M. Becker
Leibnitzia lyrata (Sch. Bip.) G.L.
Nesom
Melampodium longicorne A. Gray
Packera neomexicana (A. Gray) W.A.
Weber & Á. Löve
Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H.
Rob. & Brettell
Pseudognaphalium arizonicum (A.
Gray) Anderb.
Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum
(A. Gray) Anderb.
Roldana hartwegii (Benth.) H. Rob. &
Brettell var. carlomasonii (B.L. Turner
& T.M. Barkley) Funston
Senecio wootonii Greene
Solidago wrightii A. Gray
Stevia salicifolia Cav.
Tagetes lemmonii A. Gray
Tagetes micrantha Cav.
Tagetes minuta L.
* Taraxacum oicinale F.H. Wigg.
Verbesina longifolia (A. Gray) A. Gray
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Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng.
Xanthisma gracile (Nutt.) D.R. Morgan
& R.L. Hartm.
Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D.R.
Morgan & R.L. Hartm.
Xanthocephalum gymnospermoides
(A. Gray) Benth. & Hook. f.
Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.
BIGNONIACEAE
Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet
BORAGINACEAE
Lithospermum cobrense Greene
BRASSICACEAE
* Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
Draba helleriana Greene
Hesperidanthus linearifolius (A. Gray)
Rydb.
Noccaea fendleri (A. Gray) Holub
Pennellia longifolia (Benth.) Rollins
* Sisymbrium irio L.
CACTACEAE
Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelm.)
F.M. Knuth
Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.)
Sencke ex J.N. Haage
Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.)
Engelm. ex J.N. Haage
Echinocereus santaritensis W. Blum &
Rutow
Mammillaria wrightii Engelm. var.
wilcoxii (Toumey ex K. Schum.) W.T.
Marshall
Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & J.M.
Bigelow
CAMPANULACEAE
Lobelia cardinalis L.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb.
subsp. saxosa (A. Gray) Maguire
Cerastium texanum Britton
Silene antirrhina L.
Silene laciniata Cav.
COMANDRACEAE
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Ipomoea costellata Torr.
Ipomoea cristulata Hallier f.
Ipomoea longifolia Benth.
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
Ipomoea ternifolia Cav. var. leptotoma
(Torr.) J.A. McDonald
Ipomoea thurberi A. Gray
Jacquemontia agrestis (Mart. ex
Choisy) Meisn.
CUCURBITACEAE
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth
ERICACEAE
Arbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg.
Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha neomexicana Müll. Arg.
Cnidoscolus angustidens Torr.
Euphorbia chamaesula Boiss.
Euphorbia cuphosperma (Engelm.)
Boiss.
Euphorbia densiflora (Klotzsch &
Garcke) Klotzsch
Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm.
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton
Tragia nepetifolia Cav.
FABACEAE
Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton
& Rose
Acmispon greenei (Wooton & Standl.)
Brouillet
Acmispon oroboides (Kunth) Brouillet
Aeschynomene villosa Poir.
Amorpha fruticosa L.
Astragalus nothoxys A. Gray
Astragalus nuttallianus DC.
Calliandra humilis Benth. var. humilis
Calliandra humilis var. reticulata (A.
Gray) L.D. Benson
Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench
Cologania angustifolia Kunth
Cologania obovata Schltdl.
Crotalaria pumila Ortega
Dalea albiflora A. Gray
Dalea filiformis A. Gray
Dalea pringlei A. Gray
Dalea versicolor Zucc.
Desmodium batocaulon A. Gray
Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney
Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (A. Gray) S.
Watson
Hosackia alamosana Rose
Lathyrus graminifolius (S. Watson) T.G.
White
Lupinus argenteus Pursh
Lupinus huachucanus M.E. Jones
Lupinus neomexicanus Greene
Mariosousa millefolia (S. Watson)
Seigler & Ebinger
* Medicago lupulina L.
* Medicago polymorpha L.
Mimosa dysocarpa Benth.
Mimosa grahamii A. Gray
Phaseolus grayanus Wooton & Standl.
Prosopis velutina Wooton
Robinia neomexicana A. Gray
Tephrosia tenella A. Gray
Tephrosia thurberi (Rydb.) C.E. Wood
Vicia pulchella Kunth
FAGACEAE
Quercus arizonica Sarg.
Quercus emoryi Torr.
Quercus gambelii Nutt.
Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus
Quercus oblongifolia Torr.

12 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Fall 2018
GARRYACEAE
Garrya wrightii Torr.
GERANIACEAE
* Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. ex Ait.
Geranium caespitosum E. James
Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv.
HYDRANGEACEAE
Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray
JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans major (Torr.) A. Heller
LAMIACEAE
Agastache pallida (Lindl.) Cory
Hedeoma dentata Torr.
* Lamium amplexicaule L.
* Marrubium vulgare L.
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. var.
austromontana (Epling) B.L. Turner
Salvia betulifolia Epling
Stachys coccinea Ortega
LINACEAE
Linum lewisii Pursh
LYTHRACEAE
Cuphea wrightii A. Gray var. wrightii
MALVACEAE
Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.
Ayenia filiformis S. Watson
Sida abutilifolia Mill.
Sphaeralcea fendleri A. Gray
Sphaeralcea incana Torr. ex A. Gray
MARTYNIACEAE
Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton)
Wooton & Standl.
MONTIACEAE
Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia coccinea Mill.
Boerhavia erectaL.
Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
Mirabilis longiflora L.
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus velutina Torr.
ONAGRACEAE
Lopezia gracilis S. Watson
Oenothera elata Kunth subsp.
hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) W.
Dietr.
Oenothera podocarpa (Wooton &
Standl.) Krakos & W.L. Wagner [Gaura
hexandra Ortegasubsp. gracilis
(Wooton & Standl.) P.H. Raven & D.P.
Greg]
Oenothera primiveris A. Gray
Oenothera toumeyi (Small) Tidestr.
OROBANCHACEAE
Brachystigma wrightii (A. Gray)
Pennell
Castilleja minor (A. Gray) A. Gray var.
minor
Castilleja patriotica Fernald
Castilleja tenuiflora Benth.
Conopholis alpina Liebm. var.
mexicana (A. Gray ex S. Watson) R.R.
Haynes
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis corniculata L.
Oxalis decaphylla Kunth
Oxalis cf. latifolia Kunth
Oxalis metcalfei (Small) R. Knuth
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone pleiacantha Greene
Corydalis aurea Willd.
PHRYMACEAE
Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L. Nesom
PLANTAGINACEAE
Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A.
Sutton
Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth
Penstemon campanulatus (Cav.)
Willd.
Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray
Penstemon stenophyllus A. Gray
* Plantago major L.
PLATANACEAE
Platanus wrightii S. Watson
POLEMONIACEAE
Ipomopsis thurberi (A. Gray) V.E. Grant
POLYGALACEAE
Monnina wrightii A. Gray
POLYGONACEAE
Eriogonum abertianum Torr.
Eriogonum polycladon Benth.
Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth.
* Polygonum aviculare L.
* Rumex crispus L.
PORTULACACEAE
* Portulaca oleracea L.
RANUNCULACEAE
Aquilegia chrysantha A. Gray
Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. ex A. Gray
RHAMNACEAE
Ceanothus buxifolius Willd. ex Schult. f.
Frangula betulifolia (Greene) Grubov
ROSACEAE
Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var.
paucidentatus (S. Watson) F.L. Martin
Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.
Potentilla subviscosa Greene var.
ramulosa (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles
Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. virens
(Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh
RUBIACEAE
Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl.
Galium microphyllum A. Gray
SALICACEAE
Populus fremontii S. Watson
Populus tremuloides Michx.
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Salix exigua Nutt.
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SAXIFRAGACEAE
Heuchera sanguinea Engelm.
SIMAROUBACEAE
* Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
SOLANACEAE
Calibrachoa parviflora (Juss.) D’Arcy
Datura inoxia Mill.
Physalis caudella Standl.
Physalis hederifolia A. Gray
Physalis pubescens L.
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
Solanum fendleri A. Gray
VERBENACEAE
Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook.)
Tronc.
Glandularia chiricahensis Umber
Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig
Glandularia latilobata (L.M. Perry)
G.L. Nesom
VIOLACEAE
Viola umbraticola Kunth
VITACEAE
Vitis arizonica Engelm.
Monocots
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Allium plummerae S. Watson
ASPARAGACEAE
Agave palmeri Engelm.
Agave parryi Engelm. var.
huachucensis (Baker) Little
Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson ex
Rothr.
Echeandia flavescens (Schult. &
Schult. f.) Cruden
Milla biflora Cav.
Nolina microcarpa S. Watson
Yucca madrensis Gentry
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina dianthifolia Delile
Commelina erectaL.
Tradescantia pinetorum Greene
CYPERACEAE
Carex praegracilis W. Boott
Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckl.
Cyperus pallidicolor (Kük.) G.C. Tucker
Cyperus sphaerolepis Boeckl.
Cyperus squarrosus L.
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth
JUNCACEAE
Juncus mexicanus Willd. ex Schult. &
Schult. f.
Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson
POACEAE
Aristida adscensionis L.
Aristida havardii Vasey
Aristida pansa Wooton & Standl.
Aristida schiedeana Trin. & Rupr. var.
orcuttiana (Vasey) Allred & Valdés-
Reyna
Aristida ternipes Cav. var. gentilis
(Henrard) Allred
Aristida ternipes Cav. var. ternipes
* Avena fatua L.
Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.)
Nash
Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.
Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. &
Merr.
* Bromus catharticus Vahl
Bromus inermis Leyss.
Chloris virgata Sw.
* Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willd. ex
Rydb.
Disakisperma dubium (Kunth) P.M.
Peterson & N. Snow
* Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
Elymus arizonicus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.)
Gould
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey
* Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex
Janch.
Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc.
* Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees
Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link
Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex
Roem. & Schult.
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv
* Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka
Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Griseb.)
P.M. Peterson & Columbus
Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey
Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchc.
Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) Hitchc.
* Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link
Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Kunth)
Hitchc.
* Poa annua L.
Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey
* Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr.
Setaria liebmannii E. Fourn.
* Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn.
Zuloagaea bulbosa (Kunth) E. Bess