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Emotionen als Wegweiser zur lebenswerten Stadt: Ansätze zur Erfassung und Darstellung des emotionalen Erlebens als Impulse für die Stadt der Zukunft
Abstract
Mit steigenden Bewohnerzahlen urbaner Gebiete entstehen Veränderungen, die deren Lebenswert beeinträchtigen. Um ein besseres Verständnis für das subjektive Erleben der Bewohner*innen zu be- kommen, sind valide psychologische Instrumente zur Emotionsmessung und innovative Ansätze zur Visualisierung notwendig. Zur Entwicklung passender Erfassungsmöglichkeiten wurden an der HFT Stuttgart mehrere Feldstudien durchgeführt, bei denen verschiedene psychologische und physiologische Maße kombiniert wurden. Das Ziel war, das Erleben von Fußgänger*innen und Pedelec-Fahrer*innen in Echtzeit zu erfassen und darzustellen.
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Cities become increasingly populated, which calls for new approaches to ensure that cities continue being viable places for citizens to live in. The focus of these approaches should be on understanding citizens regarding their feelings, needs and behaviours. This includes an understanding of the perception of and the emotional reactions to urban structures from citizens’ points of view. Following the approach of urban emotions (Zeile et al., 2005), different objective physiological and subjective self-report measures were used in an experimental study in order to capture these emotional responses and to visualize the data in an emotional map. A small sample (N=13) of students was asked to collect positive as well as negative hot spots in a park area in the city centre of Stuttgart, i.e. spots that elicit positive or negative reactions. The results show the general potential of the park to function as a recreational area, but also identify room for improvement (e.g. concrete structures in the park). While physiological measures are useful to capture subtle emotional responses in larger areas, subjective measures seem to be more useful for understanding the reasons of the emotional responses by identifying positive as well as negative hot spots. A visualization tool introduced in this paper allows urban planners and other stakeholders (e.g. citizens, tourists) to view the results and analyse the data in an accessible way.
Acoustic data can be a source of important information about events and the environment in modern cities. To date, much of the focus has been on monitoring noise pollution, but the urban soundscape contains a rich variety of signals about both human and natural phenomena. We describe the CitySounds project, which has installed enclosed sensor kits at several locations across a heavily used urban greenspace in the city of Edinburgh. The acoustic monitoring components regularly capture short clips in real-time of both ultrasonic and audible noises, for example encompassing bats, birds and other wildlife, traffic, and human. The sounds are complemented by collecting other data from sensors, such as temperature and relative humidity. To ensure privacy and compliance with relevant legislation, robust methods render completely unintelligible any traces of voice or conversation that may incidentally be overheard by the sensors. We have adopted a variety of methods to encourage community engagement with the audio data and to communicate the richness of urban soundscapes to a general audience.
This chapter introduces the ‘Urban Emotions’ approach. It focuses on integrating humans’ emotional responses to the urban environment into planning processes.
The approach is interdisciplinary
and anthropocentric, i.e. citizens and citizens’ perceptions are highlighted in this concept. To detect these emotions/perceptions, it combines methods from spatial planning, geoinformatics and computer linguistics to give a better understanding of how people perceive and respond to static and dynamic urban contexts in both time and geographical space. For collecting and analyzing data on the emotional perception to urban space, we use technical and human sensors as well as georeferenced
social media posts, and extract contextual emotion information
from them. The resulting novel information layer provides an additional, citizen-centric perspective for urban planners. In addition to technical and methodological aspects, data privacy
issues and the potential of wearables are discussed in this chapter. Two case studies demonstrate the transferability of the approach into planning processes. This approach will potentially reveal new insights for the perception of geographical spaces in spatial planning.
Ambulatory assessment - Capturing behavior in daily life. A behavioral science approach to psychology Abstract. Ambulatory Assessment refers to the use of computer-assisted methodology for self-reports, behavior records or physiological measurements, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. For this, since the nineteeneighties portable microcomputer systems and physiological recorders/analyzers have been developed. In contrast to their use in medicine, up until today the new methods have hardly entered the domain of psychology. Questionnaire methods are still preferred, in spite of the known deficiencies of retrospective self-reports. Assessment strategies include: continuous monitoring, monitoring with time and event sampling methods, in-field psychological testing, field experimentation, interactive assessment, symptom monitoring, and self-management. These approaches are innovative and address ecological validity, context specificity, and are suitable for practical applications. The advantages of this methodology, as well as issues of acceptance, compliance, and reactivity are discussed. Many technical developments and research contributions came from the German-speaking countries and the Netherlands. Nonetheless, but also the current Decade of Behavior (APA) calls for a more wide-spread use of such techniques and developments in assessment. This position paper seeks to make the case for this approach by demonstrating the advantages - and in some domains - necessities of ambulatory monitoring methodology for a behavioral science orientation in psychol-
Ambulatory assessment (AA) covers a wide range of assessment methods to study people in their natural environment, including self-report, observational, and biological/physiological/behavioral. AA methods minimize retrospective biases while gathering ecologically valid data from patients' everyday life in real time or near real time. Here, we report on the major characteristics of AA, and we provide examples of applications of AA in clinical psychology (a) to investigate mechanisms and dynamics of symptoms, (b) to predict the future recurrence or onset of symptoms, (c) to monitor treatment effects, (d) to predict treatment success, (e) to prevent relapse, and (f) as interventions. In addition, we present and discuss the most pressing and compelling future AA applications: technological developments (the smartphone), improved ecological validity of laboratory results by combined lab-field studies, and investigating gene-environment interactions. We conclude with a discussion of acceptability, compliance, privacy, and ethical issues. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology Volume 9 is March 26, 2013. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates.
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LINKS:
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https://www.hft-stuttgart.de/Forschung/i_city/
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https://www.movisens.com/de/
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http://www.opensourcesoundscapes.org/hush-city/
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https://youtu.be/gEVmtgKRkPY