Available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
Blooming time of some apricot varieties of different origin in Hungary
Abstract
There are a number of self-incompatible and partially self-compatible apricot varieties which need cross pollination for suitable yield. We have to know their blooming time to select the appropriate pollen donor cultivars. The blooming period of 20 apricot varieties was observed in four subsequent years. Blooming time was affected by temperature conditions very much. Varieties studied were assigned to three groups according to their blooming time. The rate of overlapping of important variety combinations was observed. Sufficient overlapping of blooming period for safe pollination is usually ensured within the same group of varieties or between varieties of the neighbouring blooming time groups.
... Namely, in the stated year, the very early blossoming apricot cultivars such as Precoce de Tyrinte started to blossom on 15 February, the phenomenon not being registered in the previous 60 years (Milošević et al. 2008). In many European countries, including Serbia, where apricot cultivars of the European group are being cultivated, apricot yields fluctuate due to the occurrence of frosts during blossoming as well as to the cultivation of cultivars intolerant to climate oscillations (Szalay, Szabo 1999). For example, under Hungarian conditions, apricots bear fruit five times in ten years due to climatic conditions (Porpaczy 1957), whereas in Polish yields were recorded in six out of ten years due to the negative effect of winter and spring frosts (Licznar-Małańczuk, Sosna 2005). ...
... There were evident differences in the FB in individual years (Table 1). The onset of apricot blossoming differs by about one month from year to year, but it most often occurs in mid-April, i.e. as in warmer-climate countries (Szalay, Szabo 1999), in other words, it is directly correlated with the climatic conditions of the country (Ruiz, Egea 2008a). The FB of the same cultivar can differ from year to year by 25 to 40 days depending on the cultivar and on the conditions of the year (Vachůn 1986). ...
... In view of the above data, apricot production variations are generally induced by low winter and unstable early-spring temperatures (Rodrigo, Herrero 2002). The variations are even more pronounced in the countries north of Serbia (Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland), as opposed to Greece, where they are of lower intensity (Bassi, Karayiannis 1999), which confirms the fact that the range of distribution of this fruit species is directly associated with general climate characteristics of the country (Szalay, Szabo 1999;Ruiz, Egea 2008a, 2008b. ...
Milošević T., Milošević N., Glišić I., Krška B., 2010. Characteristics of promising apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genetic resources in Central Serbia based on blossoming period and fruit quality. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 37: 46-55. This study presents results on the performance of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in Central Serbia. The research included observation and recording of biological (i.e. phenological) traits and in situ sampling of fruits from 1,210 grafted trees for determination of pomological and sensorial traits. A total of 14 genotypes were selected and compared with Hungarian Best (control cultivar). The difference in blossoming time between two years was one month. In 2006, blossoming time was found to be earlier in three genotypes, simultaneous in five genotypes and later in six as compared to the control. In 2007, bloom was earlier in four genotypes, simultaneous in four and later in six genotypes. Average fruit weight ranged from 41.34 ± 0.8 to 81.50 ± 4.1 g, T-5 being the only genotype having the fruit weight lower than Hungarian Best (49.07 ± 2.2 g). The content of soluble solids, total sugars, and mineral matter ranged from 15.72-18.88%, 11.53-14.99%, and 0.29-0.43%, respectively, and total acidity was 0.77-1.08%. The appearance and the skin colour of the genotypes were highly attractive. They have promising traits which suggest that they can be useful parents in apricot breeding programmes.
... Namely, in the stated year, the very early blossoming apricot cultivars such as Precoce de Tyrinte started to blossom on 15 February, the phenomenon not being registered in the previous 60 years (Milošević et al. 2008). In many European countries, including Serbia, where apricot cultivars of the European group are being cultivated, apricot yields fluctuate due to the occurrence of frosts during blossoming as well as to the cultivation of cultivars intolerant to climate oscillations (Szalay, Szabo 1999). For example, under Hungarian conditions, apricots bear fruit five times in ten years due to climatic conditions (Porpaczy 1957), whereas in Polish yields were recorded in six out of ten years due to the negative effect of winter and spring frosts (Licznar-Małańczuk, Sosna 2005). ...
... There were evident differences in the FB in individual years (Table 1). The onset of apricot blossoming differs by about one month from year to year, but it most often occurs in mid-April, i.e. as in warmer-climate countries (Szalay, Szabo 1999), in other words, it is directly correlated with the climatic conditions of the country (Ruiz, Egea 2008a). The FB of the same cultivar can differ from year to year by 25 to 40 days depending on the cultivar and on the conditions of the year (Vachůn 1986). ...
... In view of the above data, apricot production variations are generally induced by low winter and unstable early-spring temperatures (Rodrigo, Herrero 2002). The variations are even more pronounced in the countries north of Serbia (Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland), as opposed to Greece, where they are of lower intensity (Bassi, Karayiannis 1999), which confirms the fact that the range of distribution of this fruit species is directly associated with general climate characteristics of the country (Szalay, Szabo 1999;Ruiz, Egea 2008a, 2008b. ...
This study presents results on the performance of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in Central Serbia. The research included observation and recording of biological (i.e. phenological) traits and in situ sampling of fruits from 1,210 grafted trees for determination of pomological and sensorial traits. A total of 14 genotypes were selected and compared with Hungarian Best (control cultivar). The difference in blossoming time between two years was one month. In 2006, blossoming time was found to be earlier in three genotypes, simultaneous in five genotypes and later in six as compared to the control. In 2007, bloom was earlier in four genotypes, simultaneous in four and later in six genotypes. Average fruit weight ranged from 41.34 +/- 0.8 to 81.50 +/- 4.1 g, T-5 being the only genotype having the fruit weight lower than Hungarian Best (49.07 +/- 2.2 g). The content of soluble solids, total sugars, and mineral matter ranged from 15.72-18.88%, 11.53-14.99%, and 0.29-0.43%, respectively, and total acidity was 0.77-1.08%. The appearance and the skin colour of the genotypes were highly attractive. They have promising traits which suggest that they can be useful parents in apricot breeding programmes.
... In many countries, including Poland, yield in apricots was primarily determined by weather conditions (Jakubowski, 1978;Krš ka, 1993;Nitransky, 1993;Szalay and Szabo, 1999;Licznar-Malanczuk and Sosna, 2000). For example, in Hungary, apricot trees bore well in only five years over a ten year period (Porpaczy, 1957). ...
... Yield and mean fruit weight in three apricot cultivars evaluated from 1988 to 1995 In years with a cold early spring, apricot trees started to bloom late and the blooming period was relatively short. This agrees with an earlier report that the later the blossoming period starts, the shorter it lasts (Szalay and Szabo, 1999). The cultivars which bloomed the earliest were 'Early Orange', 'Morden 604' and 'Veecot', and the cultivars which bloomed the latest were 'Somo', 'Bergeron', and 'Ungarische Beste'. ...
... Over the first eight years of the experiment, blossoming time varied by about one month. However, blossoming occurred most often in the middle of April, at about the same time as in other warmer countries (Szalay and Szabo, 1999;Krejzova, 2000). ...
Blooming, yield and fruit quality of several apricot cultivars were evaluated in two experiments conducted from 1988 to 2005 at the Fruit Experimental Station near Wrocław in south-western Poland. In the first experiment, the cultivars studied were ‘Harcot’, ‘Morden 604’ and ‘Early Orange’. All were grafted on ‘Myrobalan’ seedling rootstock. In the second experiment, the cultivars evaluated were ‘Early Orange’, ‘Harcot’, ‘Morden 604’, ‘Moorpark’, ‘Somo’, ‘Bergeron’, ‘Hargrand’, ‘Karola’, ‘Ungarische beste’, ‘Veecot’, ‘Velkopavlovicka LE 12/2’, ‘Velkopavlovicka LE 19/2’ and three clones which had been bred at the Fruit Experimental Station in Albigowa: LS-4, LS-5 and LS-7. All were grafted on ‘Somo’ seedling rootstock. In the Wrocław region, yield in apricots was primarily determined by weather conditions. In the first experiment, yields were recorded in only three out of eight years, and in the second experiment, yields were recoded in six out of ten years. The main reason for crop failure was damage to buds, blossoms and fruitlets by winter and spring frosts. In only two years were high yields recorded for most of the cultivars evaluated. Apricot production in Lower Silesia is therefore possible, but risky. On the combined basis of blooming period, harvest time, yield and fruit quality, the cultivars most suitable for commercial production in Lower Silesia are ‘Harcot’, ‘Moorpark’, ‘Hargrand’, ‘Bergeron’ and ‘Karola’. ‘Somo’ can be recommended only for home gardens because of small fruit size.
... In apricot, this phenophase is of particular importance because apricot is a fruit species that blooms very early. This is one of the main reasons for irregular fruiting in this fruit species (Szalay and Szabo, 1999). Due to the spring frosts during or after flowering in certain areas, fruit formation fails. ...
The paper presents the three-year results of the effect of basic climatic parameters on the flowering of 12 apricot cultivars in conditions of Čačak. The significant differences in the beginning, progression and duration of flowering among years were determined. The beginning of flowering in 2020 was on March 12, in 2021 on March 1, and in 2022 on March 24. Flowering phenophase in one cultivar lasted between 6 and 9 days in 2022 and between 8 and 16 days in 2021. Differences in the beginning of flowering among cultivars were more pronounced in years with earlier flowering date.
... Vrednosti LT50 su značajno niže kako se približava fenofaza cvetanja. Szalay et al. (1999) su utvrdili da postoji značajna korelacija između stadijuma mikrosporogeneze i stepena otpornosti cvetnih pupoljaka kajsije na mraz. Nastupanjem mejoze u materinskim ćelijama polena otpornost na mraz se značajno smanjuje. ...
The paper presents the results of the freezing of flower buds of 15 apricot cultivars on
the end of winter dormancy when temperatures below -10°C were occurred. The flower
buds of studied apricot cultivars at that moment were from the the beginning of the bud
swelling to stage when sepals are clearly visible. The percentage of freezing of flower
buds varied from cultivar to cultivar. Some cultivars characterized by very small
percentages of freezing flower buds (‘Bergeron’ and ‘Zerdelija’), while cultivars of
early flowering (‘Aurora’, ‘Tsunami’, ‘Goldrich’, ‘Spring Blush’, ‘Betinka’, ‘Orange
Red’) had the greatest damages. The over 90% flower buds of these cultivars were
frozen.
... Vreme cvetanja kajsije varira oko jedan mesec iz godine u godinu, ali se najčešće javlja sredinom aprila, tj. u isto vreme kada i u toplijim zemljama (Szalay i Szabo, 1999), odnosno u direktnoj je korelaciji sa klimatskim odlikama zemlje (Ruiz i Egea, 2008). Početak cvetanja pojedinih genogenotipova kajsije iz godine u godinu se razlikuje za 25-40 dana u zavisnosti od genogenotipa i godine (Vachůn, 1986). ...
This paper presents the results of a study on selecting apricot types (Prunus
armeniaca L.) in the region of Cacak. The research included observation and recording
of phenological properties and in situ sampling of fruits from 422 grafted trees for
determination of their pomological traits. A total of 14 best types were selected and
compared with ‘Hungarian Best’ (the control). The difference in blooming time between
two years was one month. Blooming time occurred early in three types, simultaneously
in fi ve and late in six types as compared to the control in 2006. In 2007, it was earlier in
four types, simultaneous in four and later in six types. Average fruit weight ranged from
41.34±0.8 to 81.50±4.1 g, G-5 being the only type having the fruit weight lower than
that of ‘Hungarian Best’ (49.07±2.2 g). The content of soluble solids, total sugars and
minerals ranged from 15.72-18.88%, 11.53-14.99% and 0.29-0.43%, respectively, and
total acidity was 0.77-1.08%. The observed apricot types have promising traits due to which they can be used in further apricot breeding programmes.
The aim of our research was to adapt Chuine’s unified model to estimate the beginning of blooming of three apricot cultivars (‘Ceglédi bíborkajszi’, ‘Gönci magyar kajszi’, and ‘Rózsakajszi C.1406’) in Hungary in the time period 1994–2020. The unified model is based on the collection of chilling and forcing units. The complexity of the model lies in the high number of parameters necessary to run it. Following the work of other researchers, we reduced the number of relevant model parameters (MP) to six. In order to estimate the six MPs, we used a simulated annealing optimization method (known for being effective in avoiding getting stuck in local minima). From the results, we determined the local optimum of six MPs, and the global optimum parameter vector for three apricot cultivars. With these global optimum parameter vectors, the beginning of blooming could be estimated with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of less than 2.5 days, using the knowledge of the daily mean temperature in the time period 1994–2020.
The Čačak region is one of the centers of apricot production in Serbia. The
most cultivated apricot cultivar is Mađarska Najbolja, while the other cultivars
(Roksana, NS cultivars, etc.) are less prevalent. The largest number of cultivars is
used for processing and they mature in the first half of July. The aim of this paper is
to examine apricot varieties of the earlier ripening period, compared to Mađarska
Najbolja, in purpose of increasing assortment and market apricot fruits offer
extensions. The experiment included Tsunami, Aurora, Wonder Cot, Spring Blush,
Orange Red, Goldrich and Zerdelija apricot cultivars, grafted on the Myrobalan
seedling (P. cerasifera Ehrh.).
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.