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An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

ZooKeys

December 2018
803(4):93-120

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.803.22543

License
CC BY 4.0

Authors:

Muhammad Ali

Karakoram International University

Khalil Ahmed

Minia University

Shaukat Ali

Karakoram International University

Ghulam Raza

University of Baltistan

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Some new ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) records collected during the last four years across Sindh are reported. A first preliminary checklist of ladybirds from Sindh is presented, consisting of one subfamily, ten tribes, 21 genera, and 29 species including four new records, namely Bulaealichatschovii (Hummel), Exochomuspubescens Küster, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus Marseul, and four varieties of the species Cheilomenessexmaculatus (Fabricius).

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus.

…

Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus.

…

Coccinella transversalis Fabricius.

…

Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius).

…

+24

Hippodamia variegata (Goeze).

…

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An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 93

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new

records from Pakistan (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

Muhammad Ali1,2, Khalil Ahmed2, Shaukat Ali3, Ghulam Raza1, Ishtiaq Hussain4,

Maisoor Ahmed Nafees2, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum5

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan 2 Department

of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan 3 Department of

Environmental Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan 4 Department

of Agriculture, District Kharmang, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan 5 Department of Zoology, Kohat University of

Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Corresponding author: Muhammad Ali (muhammad.ali@uobs.edu.pk; ali_zoology@yahoo.com)

Academic editor: M. omas|Received 27 November 2018|Accepted 17 April 2018|Published 6 December 2018

http://zoobank.org/44ED6C38-469D-4789-87E6-4216294D08A4

Citation: Ali M, Ahmed K, Ali S, Raza G, Hussain I, Nafees MA, Anjum SI (2018) An annotated checklist of

Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 803: 93–120. https://doi.

org/10.3897/zookeys.803.22543

Abstract

Some new ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) records collected during the last four years across Sindh

are reported. A rst preliminary checklist of ladybirds from Sindh is presented, consisting of one subfam-

ily, ten tribes, 21 genera, and 29 species including four new records, namely Bulaea lichatschovii (Hum-

mel), Exochomus pubescens Küster, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus

Marseul, and four varieties of the species Cheilomenes sexmaculatus (Fabricius).

Keywords

aphid, Chilocorinae, Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae, mealybug, predatory, Coccinellinae, Scymninae

Introduction

According to the most recent classication, the family Coccinellidae comprises two

subfamilies: Microweiseinae Leng, 1920 and Coccinellinae Latreille, 1807 (sensu Slip-

inski 2007) based on phylogenetic results (Seago et al. 2011). ese changes impact

the status of various traditionally recognized tribes and subfamilies, as the onlysub-

ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

doi: 10.3897/zookeys.803.22543

http://zookeys.pensoft.net

Copyright Muhammad Ali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC

BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

CHECKLIST

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Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

families now recognized are Microweiseinae and Coccinellinae(Canepari et al. 2016).

Microweiseinae comprises three tribes: Carinodulini, Microweiseini, and Serangiini

whereas Coccinellinae consists of only two tribes: Coccinellini and Chilocorini (Rob-

ertson et al. 2015)

Worldwide, nearly 6000 species spanning nearly 360 genera are known. Ap-

proximately 90 % of the species are predators of aphids, coccids, psyllids, aleyrodids,

chrysomelid larvae, and mites, the remainder being herbivorous or mycetophagous

(Inayatullah 1984, Majerus 1994, Obrycki and Kring 1998, Iperti and Bertand 2001,

Vandenberg 2002, Hodek 2012).e Coccinellidae are an important group of beetles

from both an economic standpoint in their use as biological control agents and in their

diversity and adaptation to a number of diering habitats (Michels 1987).

From Pakistan, Ahmad and Ghani (1966, 1968, 1970, 1973), Inayatullah and Sid-

diqui (1978, 1979, 1980), and Ali et al. (2012) worked on dierent species of the family

Coccinellidae; Iabloko-Khnzorian (1986) described a new species Adalia puetzi from

Pakistan; Hashmi and Tashfeen (1992) studied the coccinellids housed in dierent in-

stitutions of Pakistan and reported 162 species, identifying the coccinellids deposited

in the Natural History Museum, London, but with wrong synonymies. e present

authors tried to trace this valuable collection of coccinellids in the present institutions

in Karachi and other cities of Pakistan but found very few coccinellids. e authors

also tried to correct the wrong synonymies and wrong identications mentioned in

the above-mentioned paper with the help of checklists and taxonomic papers avail-

able. Irshad (2001) listed 71 species of coccinellids in Pakistan; Ra et al. (2005) gave a

brief external morphology of predatory coccinellids of northern parts of Pakistan with

special reference to their hosts, prey and localities, and listed 37 genera and 75 species

belonging to dierent tribes of subfamilies Chilocorinae, Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae,

Scymninae, and Sticholotidinae. All listed species are very common in Pakistan and

represent a much less complete inventory than that of Hashmi and Tashfeen (1992).

Otherwise, the description of genitalia was totally absent. Ali et al. (2012, 2013, 2014,

2015) conducted a systematic study from Sindh Province for the rst time. ey listed

29 coccinellids with four new records and four varieties of Cheilomenes sexmaculatus.

According to Ghouri 1960, Kazmi 1980, Hashmi et al. (1983), Ali and Munir

1984, Ghani 1985, Inayatullah 1984, Mohyuddin and Mahmood 1993, Buriro 1996,

Jan et al. 2003, Aslam et al. 2004, Abbas et al. 2007, Solangi et al. 2007, Massod

et al. 2008, Raq et al. 2008, Arif et al. 2009, Mari and Lohar 2010, Iqbal et al.

2008, Iqbal et al. 2011, and Masood 2011, the following viz., Schizaphis graminum

(Rondani), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis

nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, Aphis craccivora (Koch) Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch),

erioaphis trifolii (Monell), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Lipaphis erysimi (Kalten-

bach), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Hyadaphis corian-

dri (Das) (Homoptera: Aphididae); Amritodus atkinsoni (Lethierry)), Amrasca bigut-

tula biguttula (Ishida), Empoasca lybica (Bergevin and Zanon) (Homoptera: Cicadel-

lidae); Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius), Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell), Dialeurodes citri

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 95

(Ashmead) and Aleurocanthus husaini Corbett (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae); Brevipalpus

lewisi McGregor (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae), Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein), and Tetra-

nychus atlanticus McG. (Acarina: Tetranychidae) are common pests of wheat, cotton,

sugarcane, mango, mustard, vegetables, and fruits in Pakistan. Other works related

with the taxonomy, morphology, diversity, distribution and ecology of dierent coc-

cinellids include Rahman (1940), Ahmad (1969), Irshad (2001b), Khan et al. (2006),

Rahatullah et al. (2010, 2011, 2012); Ali et al. (2012); Abbas et al. (2013), and Ash-

faque et al. (2013). Ali (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015) was the rst to report 29 coccinellid

species from Sindh with a brief study on the taxonomy of the family Coccinellidae and

their role in the eld of biological control of important agricultural crop pests such as

aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, jassids, and whiteies.

e coccinellid fauna of Sindh, Pakistan is insuciently known, and no checklist

exists. e goal of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of diversity and distri-

bution of ladybirds in Sindh as well as to present the rst preliminary checklist of the

species recorded previously in the territory of Sindh.

Materials and methods

Ladybird records presented in this paper were collected, identied, and conrmed

during the last four years by the authors following the checklists, descriptions, and

keys given by Chapin and Ahmad (1966), Pang and Gordon (1986), Poorani (2004),

and Ra et al. (2005), and with the help of the following website: NBAIR (2009).

Ladybirds were also identied and conrmed by Dr. Claudio Canepari (Societa En-

tomologica Italiana), an authority on the family Coccinellidae. Specimens were col-

lected during eld trips conducted in dierent parts of Sindh Province, and in real-

ity represent random ndings instead of systematic collecting. Beetles were collected

in standard ways, including manual collecting, net sweeping, and using light traps.

e terminologies for various taxonomic structures including genitalia and procedures

used by Inayatullah and Siddiqui (1978) and Gordon (1985) were generally followed.

e taxonomic structures, especially male and female genitalia, were preserved after

illustration in microvials with glycerine and pinned with specimens.

Results

e coccinellids present in this checklist are classied on the basis of the new classica-

tion given by Seago et al. 2011, Robertson et al. 2015, and Canepari 2016. According

to this classication all the coccinellids of the Sindh Province belong to the subfamily

Coccinellinae only. It includes nine species of the tribe Coccinellini, one species of the

Psylloborini, one species of the tribe Bulaeini, ve species of the Chilocorini, one species

of the Tribe Noviini Mulsant, one species from Tribe Hyperaspini, one species from the

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

Tribe Stethorini, six species of Scymnini, one species of the Tribe Shirozuellini, and three

species of the Tribe Sticholotidini. New records are Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel), Exo-

chomus pubescens Küster, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scymnus (Pullus)

syriacus Marseul with four varieties of Cheilomenes sexmaculatus (Fabricius).

Subfamily Coccinellinae Latreille, 1807

Tribe Coccinellini Latreille, 1807

Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758

Fig. 1

General distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Palaearctic. North America

(Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Larkana, Mirpur Khas, atta, Karachi (Sarwar

2009, Mahmood et al. 2011, Ali 2013, Fazal Ellahi et al. 2017).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Brevicoryne brassicae (L), Lipaphis er-

ysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis corian-

dri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae:

Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae:

Homoptera); Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadelli-

dae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on mustard,

lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant, okra, wheat, cot-

ton, sugarcane, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758

Fig. 2

General distribution. India, Pakistan. Palaearctic (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi, Hyderabad, Tandojam, Mirpur Khas and atta

(Sarwar 2009, Mahmood et al. 2011, Ali 2013, Fazal Ellahi et al. 2017).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis er-

ysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri

(Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae:

Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae:

Homoptera); Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadelli-

dae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on mustard,

lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, brinjal, okra, wheat, cotton,

sugarcane, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 97

Figure 1. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus.

Figure 2. Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus.

Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781

Fig. 3

General distribution. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indochina, Indonesia, Japan,

Australia, New Zealand (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad, Larkana, Mirpur Khas, and atta (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis er-

ysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri

(Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae:

Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae:

Homoptera); Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadelli-

dae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on mustard,

lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, brinjal, okra, wheat, cotton,

sugarcane, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

Figure 3. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius.

Cheilomenes Dejean, 1836

Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781)

Fig. 4

General distribution. India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar. Ma-

laysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Japan, Australia (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad, Larkana, Mirpur Khas, and atta (Sarwar

2009, Mahmood et al. 2011, Ali 2013, Balouchi and Swati 2014, Fazal Ellahi et al. 2017).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glov-

er, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer),

Aphis gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas),

Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Ropalosiphum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii

Monell (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata

(Ckll), Centrococcus insolitus Green (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha man-

giferae (Green) (Margarodidae: Homoptera) Aleurocanthus husaini Corbett, Aleuro-

canthus woglumi Ashby, Aleurolobus barodensis Mask Amrasca devastans (Dist), Am-

rasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Amritodus atkinsoni Leth, Evacanthus repexus Dist

(Cicadellidae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homop-

tera), Pyrilla perpusilla Walk (Fulgoridae: Homoptera), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus

Comst (Diaspididae: Homoptera), Diaphorina citri Kuw (Psyllidae: Homoptera),

Tetranychus orientalis Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on mustard, lucern, cabbage,

cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant, okra, wheat, cotton, and rose

plants (Ali 2013).

Comment. Common. It is very dicult to compare this species with other taxa

because of polymorphism. Six varieties of this species are reported from Pakistan.

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 99

Figure 4. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius).

Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777)

Fig. 5

General distribution. Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tibet, Mongolia, China, north-

ern and eastern Africa, Palaearctic (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad, Karachi, and atta (Lohar et al. 2012, Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis er-

ysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri

(Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae:

Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae:

Homoptera); Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadelli-

dae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on mustard,

lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, brinjal, okra, wheat, cotton,

and rose plants (Ali 2013).

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

100

Micraspis allardi (Mulsant, 1866)

Fig. 6

General distribution. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, Indonesia (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, atta and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Amritodus atkinsoni Teth (Cicadellidae:

Homoptera) Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst (Diaspididae: Homoptera), Pyrilla

perpusilla Walk (Fulgoridae: Homoptera) (Ali 2013).

Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant, 1866

Fig. 7

General distribution. India, Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, ailand, China

(Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, atta, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and Prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, Brev-

icoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii

(Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Ropalosiphum maidis

(Fitch) (Aphididae: Homoptera), Aleurolobus barodensis Mask Amrasca devastans (Dist),

Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Evacanthus repexus Dist (Cicadellidae: Homoptera),

Tetranychus sp. (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on wheat, mustard, and cabbage (Ali 2013).

Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Fig. 8

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, China, Europe, North

America (Poorani 2002).

Figure 5. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze).

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 101

Figure 6. Micraspis allardi (Mulsant).

Figure 7. Oenopia mimica Weise.

Figure 8. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

102

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) (Aphididae: Homoptera), Aleurolobus

barodensis Mask Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Evacan-

thus repexus Dist (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) (Ali 2013).

Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius, 1781)

Fig. 9

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Japan, Taiwan, intro-

duced into North America (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae(L), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hyada-

phis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosiphum maidis (Fitch), e-

rioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby), Schizaphis graminum (Ron-

dani) (Aphididae: Homoptera), Amritodus atkinsoni Leth, Idioscopus nagpurensis Pruthi

(Cicadellidae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) ( Aleyrodidae: Homoptera),

Tetranychus atlanticus Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Adelges spp. (Adelgidae: Homop-

tera) on mustard, lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant,

okra, wheat, cotton, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

Tribe Bulaeini Savoiskaja, 1969

Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel, 1827)

Fig. 10

General distribution. Pakistan, India, Central and West Asia, Afghanistan, Mediter-

ranean region. North and Central Africa (Poorani 2002, Ali 2013).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, My-

zus persicae (Sulzer), Diaphorina citri Kuw (Psyllidae: Homoptera) on wheat and mustard.

Comments. Newly recorded from Pakistan.

Tribe Psylloborini Casey, 1899

Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant, 1850)

Fig. 11

General distribution. India and Pakistan (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Prey in Sindh. All the members of this genus are mycophagous (Ali 2013).

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 103

Figure 9. Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius).

Figure 10. Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel).

Figure 11. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant).

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

104

Tribe Chilocorini Costa, 1849

Chilocorus Leach, 1815b

Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius, 1798)

Fig. 12

General distribution. Agalega, American Samoa, Burma, Brazil, Ghana, Guam, Ha-

waii, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, New Caledo-

nia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Reunion Island, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South Af-

rica, Swaziland, Society Islands, Tanzania, Togo, Turkey and Zimbabwe (Nandwani

and Joseph 2003, NBAII 2011, Omkar and Pervez 2003, Poorani 2002, omas and

Blanchard 2014).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aonidiella auranti (Mask), A. cit-

rina (Coq), A. orientalis Newst, Aspidiotus destructor Sign, Hemiberiesia latanias

(Sign), Leucaspis coniferarum Hall & Williams, Parlatoria spp, Pinnaspis strachani

(Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homop-

tera) (Ali 2013).

Exochomus (Parexochomus) nigripennis Erichson, 1843

Fig. 13

General distribution. northwestern India, Pakistan, Palaearctic, Africa (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, and Karachi

(Ali, 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis fabae eobald, Rhopalosiphum

maidis Fitch (Aphididae: Homoptera), Parlatoria spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera), Fer-

risia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). It was recorded on trees and wild

plants (Ali 2013).

Exochomus pubescens Küster, 1848

Fig. 14

General distribution. Pakistan, India, Spain, North Africa, Greece, Egypt, Syria, Pal-

estine (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Parlatoria spp. (Diaspididae: Homop-

tera). It was found on oak (Ali 2013).

Comment. Newly recorded from Pakistan.

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 105

Figure 12. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius).

Figure 13. Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson).

Figure 14. Exochomus pubescens Küster.

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

106

Priscibrumus uropygialis (Mulsant, 1853)

Fig. 15

General distribution. India, Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam and Hyderabad (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Parlatoria spp., Pinnaspis strachani

(Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera)

on wild trees, and shrubs (Ali 2103).

Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798)

Fig. 16

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal

(Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hya-

daphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosiphum maidis (Fitch),

erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby), Schizaphis graminum (Ron-

dani) (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll)

(Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha mangiferae (Green) (Margarodidae: Hom-

optera), Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadellidae:

Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) ( Aleyrodidae: Homoptera), Tetranychus at-

lanticus Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Adelges joshii S.O & S (Adelgidae: Homoptera),

Aonidiella auranti (Mask), A. citrina (Coq), A. orientalis Newst, Aspidiotus destructor

Sign, Hemiberiesia latanias (Sign), Leucaspis coniferarum Hall & Williams, Parlatoria

spp, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Di-

aspididae: Homoptera) on mustard, lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle

gourd, eggplant, okra, wheat, cotton, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

Tribe Noviini Mulsant, 1850, Genus Rodolia Mulsant, 1850

Rodolia rucollis Mulsant, 1850

Fig. 17

General distribution. India, Pakistan, ailand (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi and Mirpur Khas (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Icerya aegyptiaca (Dougl) (Margarodidae:

Homoptera). It was found on cotton and roses (Ali 2013).

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 107

Figure 15. Priscibrumus uropygialis (Mulsant).

Figure 16. Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius).

Figure 17. Rodolia rucollis Mulsant.

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

108

Tribe Hyperaspini Costa, 1849, Genus Hyperaspis Chevrolat, 1836

Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard, 1929

Fig. 18

General distribution. Pakistan and India (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Centrococcus insolitus (Green), Naiacoccus

sp, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homop-

tera), Drosicha mangiferae (Green) (Margarodidae: Homoptera). It was found on cot-

ton, okra, and trees (Ali 2013).

Tribe Stethorini Dobzhansky, 1924, Genus Stethorus Weise, 1885b

Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850)

Fig. 19

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Italy, Cyprus (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Brevipalpus sp. (Tenuipalpidae: Acarina),

Eutetranychus cernus (B&P), E. orientalis (Klein), Tetranychus atlanticus Mog (Acarina:

Tetranychidae). It was collected from eggplant, okra, and some wild plants (Ali 2013).

Tribe Scymnini Mulsant, 1846, Genus Scymnus, Mulsant, 1850

Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, 1850

Fig. 20

General distribution. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, China,

Asia Minor (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropa-

losiphum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby),

Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis

(Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha mangiferae

(Green) (Margarodidae: Homoptera), Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula bi-

guttula (Ishida) (Cicadellidae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae:

Homoptera), Tetranychus atlanticus Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Adelges joshii S.O

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 109

Figure 18. Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard.

Figure 19. Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant).

Figure 20. Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant.

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

110

&S (Adelgidae: Homoptera), Aonidiella auranti (Mask), A. citrina (Coq), A. orientalis

Newst, Aspidiotus destructor Sign, Hemiberiesia latanias (Sign), Leucaspis coniferarum

Hall & Williams, Parlatoria spp, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perni-

ciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera) on mustard, lucern, cabbage,

cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant, okra, wheat, cotton and rose plants

(Ali 2013).

Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, 1858

Fig. 21

General distribution. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, ailand, Taiwan. (Poo-

rani 2002; Ali 2013).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Hyderabad, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosi-

phum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby), Schi-

zaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley),

Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha mangiferae (Green)

(Margarodidae: Homoptera), Amrasca devastans (Dist), Amrasca biguttula biguttula

(Ishida) (Cicadellidae: Homoptera); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Hom-

optera), Tetranychus atlanticus Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on mustard, lucern, cab-

bage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant , okra, wheat, cotton, and rose

plants (Ali 2013).

Comment. Newly recorded from Pakistan.

Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ayyar, 1925

Fig. 22

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Hyderabad, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosi-

phum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby), Schi-

zaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley),

Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha mangiferae (Green)

(Margarodidae: Homoptera), Tetranychus atlanticus Mog (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on

mustard, lucern, cabbage, cauliower, potato, turnip, bottle gourd, eggplant, okra,

wheat, cotton, and rose plants (Ali 2013).

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 111

Scymnus (Pullus) castaneus Sicard, 1929

Fig. 23

General distribution. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosi-

phum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby), Schi-

zaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley),

Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha mangiferae (Green). It

was found on eggplant, okra, cotton (Ali 2013).

Comment. Newly recorded from Pakistan.

Figure 21. Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky.

Figure 22. Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ayyar.

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

112

Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus (Marseul, 1868)

Fig. 24

General distribution. Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Ali 2013).

Distribution in Sindh. Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover,

Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis

gossypii (Glover), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), Hysteroneura setariae (omas), Ropalosi-

phum maidis (Fitch), erioaphis trifolii Monell, Macrosiphum granarium (Kby), Schi-

zaphis graminum (Rondani) (Aphididae: Homoptera) (Ali 2013).

Comment. Newly recorded from Pakistan.

Nephus regularis (Sicard, 1929)

Fig. 25

General distribution. India, Pakistan, China (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Prey and host plant. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, Aphis gossypii (Glover),

Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), erioaphis trifolii Monell (Aphididae: Homoptera); Phenacoc-

cus solenopsis (Tinsley), Ferrisia virigata (Ckll) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera), Drosicha man-

giferae (Green) (Margarodidae: Homoptera) on on eggplant, okra and cotton (Ali 2013).

Tribe Shirozuellini Sasaji, 1967, Genus Ghanius Ahmad, 1973

Ghanius karachiensis Ahmad, 1973

Fig. 26

General distribution. Pakistan (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi (Ali 2013).

Figure 23. Scymnus (Pullus) castaneus Sicard.

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 113

Figure 24. Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus (Marseul).

Figure 25. Nephus regularis (Sicard).

Figure 26. Ghanius karachiensis Ahmad.

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aonidiella auranti (Mask), A. citrina

(Coq), A. orientalis Newst, Hemiberiesia latanias (Sign), Leucaspis coniferarum Hall

& Williams, Parlatoria spp. Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus

Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera) (Ali 2013).

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

114

Tribe Sticholotidini Weise, 1901

Pharoscymnus exibilis (Mulsant), 1853

Fig. 27

General distribution. India, Pakistan, Brazil, and United States (Florida) (Poorani

2002, omas and Blanchard 2013).

Distribution in Sindh. Tandojam, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, and Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Aspidiotus destructor Sign, Hemiberiesia

latanias (Sign), Leucaspis coniferarum Hall & Williams, Parlatoria spp, Pinnaspis stra-

chani (Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Hom-

optera), Coccus hesperidium L, Siassetia nigra (Nietn) (Coccidae: Homoptera) on wheat

and mustard (Ali 2013).

Pharoscymnus simmondsi Ahmad, 1970

Fig. 28

General distribution. Pakistan, ailand (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Parlatoria spp., Pinnaspis strachani

(Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera),

Coccus hesperidium L, Siassetia nigra (Nietn) (Coccidae: Homoptera) on wheat and

mustard (Ali 2013).

Pharoscymnus horni (Weise), 1900

Fig. 29

General distribution. India and Pakistan (Poorani 2002).

Distribution in Sindh. Karachi (Ali 2013).

Host plants and prey species in Sindh. Parlatoria spp. Pinnaspis strachani

(Cooley), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst, Tecaspis spp. (Diaspididae: Homoptera),

Coccus hesperidium L, Siassetia nigra (Nietn) (Coccidae: Homoptera) on mustard and

wheat (Ali 2013).

Discussion

Unfortunately, all the specimens were lost during the shifting of Vitoria Museum to

National Museum at Karachi. From Pakistan very little taxonomic work has focussed

especially on this important family of the order Coleoptera. Irshad (2001) listed 71

species of coccinellids from northern parts of Pakistan. Ra et al. (2005) listed 37

An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan... 115

Figure 29. Pharoscymnus horni (Weise).

Figure 27. Pharoscymnus exibilis (Mulsant).

Figure 28. Pharoscymnus simmondsi Ahmad.

genera and 75 species and described the only external morphology of predatory coc-

cinellids mostly collected from northern parts of Pakistan with special reference with

their hosts, prey, and localities.

Muhammad Ali et al. / ZooKeys 803: 93–120 (2018)

116

Sindh Province has a rich insect fauna which have diversied into important

cities like Karachi, Tandojam, Hyderabad, Larkana, Sukhur, and Mirpur Khas. Coc-

cinellids fauna is still incompletely recorded from Sindh region and has been ne-

glected in the past. All the research ndings on coccinellids except Ali (2013) were

documentary not taxonomic. No proper collections, identication procedures,or

techniques have been used in Sindh to explore the hidden records of insects, includ-

ing the coccinellid fauna. Ali (2013) worked more comprehensively on the system-

atics and distribution of ladybirds of Sindh Province with reference to their role in

biological control programmes. He tried to highlight the importance of systematic

study to make easy their identication as predators of mealybugs, aphids, jassids,

whiteies, and scale insects. is research work may be useful for the entomologists

including research students of particularly the Sindh region, but also of Pakistan and

other Oriental regions. e geographical distribution and synonyms used in this

study for all systematically treated specimens were cited from the ndings of Hashmi

and Tashfeen (1992).

e present investigation continues the research carried by Ali (2013), and gives

a preliminary checklist of ladybirds from Sindh consisting of only one subfamily, ten

tribes, 21 genera, and 29 species including four new records: Bulaea lichatschovii (Hum-

mel), Exochomus pubescens Küster, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scym-

nus (Pullus) syriacus Marseul and four varieties of Menochilus sexmaculata (Fabricius).

All these coccinellids from Pakistan are now placed into the subfamily Coccinellinae

and the subfamily Microweiseinae according to the recent classication studies. e

coccinellid specimens were deposited in the Natural History Museum, Department of

Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

Acknowledgements

e authors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Rukhsana Perveen,

who provided guidance, necessary facilities, and took a keen interest throughout the

progress of the present research. We would like to extend our deep gratitude and sin-

cere thanks to Dr. Claudio Canepari, an authority on the family Coccinellidae, who

spent his valuable time assisting us in identication, conrmation, and guidance. We

are grateful to Dr. Louis Hesler, Lead Scientist & Research Entomologist, USDA-ARS,

North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (NCARL), U.S.A, for his review and

English proong of this paper.

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Diversity and abundance of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India

Article

Jan 2025

Rajmohan Meena

Annotated checklist of ladybugs (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with nine new country records from Cambodia

Article

Apr 2024
J Asia Pac Entomol

Ladybugs (Coccinellidae) are commonly known for their beneficial roles in insect pest population suppression. Despite their importance and the limited scientific research conducted in Cambodia, the ladybug fauna needs to be documented in the country. Therefore, this study aims to establish the first checklist of Cambodian ladybug fauna including a brief taxonomic description and distribution for each species. We identified a total of 13 species based on the specimens deposited in the collection of Cambodian Entomology Initiatives. 9 of all species are newly recorded for Cambodia. Within this addition and six previously recorded species, ladybugs reached 15 species recorded from Cambodia. However, many new species are under-discovered in the country. The study provided a valuable baseline checklist for the taxonomy, diversity and ecology of ladybugs in Cambodia.

Diversity and assemblage patterns of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) in different crop management practices in Peninsular Malaysia

Article

Full-text available

May 2024
ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE

Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important predatory insects found in many croplands, but their patterns of diversity and assemblage in diverse crop management practices remain understudied, especially in southeastern Asia. Their existence denotes a crucial need to update the diversity and assemblage pattern in diverse crop management practices. This study aims to (i) delimit ladybird species through DNA barcodes and (ii) compare the abundance of different ladybird taxa from different crop management practices. A total of 2260 ladybirds were collected and barcoded resulting in 12 species representing four subfamilies (Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae, Epilachninae, and Scymninae). Three predatory species dominated and were top contributors to the dissimilarity average for different crop management practices, i.e., Coccinella transversalis, Micraspis discolor, and Cheilomenes sexmaculata. Even though the effect of different crop management practices on ladybird abundance was insignificant (Kruskal Wallis, p-value > 0.05), their diversity significantly varied across different practices (diversity t-test, p-value < 0.05). Organic monocrop resulted in a higher value of Shannon index (H’), and richness than other management practices. Furthermore, monocrops comprised higher ladybird diversity than multicrops. While the species assemblage was not distinct (ANOSIM, p-value > 0.05), a variation in assemblage composition and spatial distribution concerning the different crop management employed (NMDS, stress value = 0.12) was observed. The hierarchical dendrogram distinguished six clusters of ladybirds between organic and conventional management practices. More explorations are required to uncover the various effects of crop management practices on ladybirds’ fitness and survival in different landscapes.

Organic fertility management in cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. fosters arthropod biodiversity and complements pest suppression

Article

Oct 2023
J APPL ENTOMOL

Research on economic, ecological and relative benefits from organic and conventional farming systems has gained significant importance. Organic farming increases species diversity, enhances biological control services, and thus complements sustainable pest management. However, published literature is scarce on cotton crops grown organically with respect to the abundance and diversity of biological control agents and their effects on herbivore populations, typically from developing nations. To address the question, the non-transgenic cotton variety CIM-573 was cultivated under two fertility management systems, that is, organic and conventional in 2019 and 2021, and subsequently, differences in the abundance and diversity of arthropod communities were carried out. We applied cattle manure in organic fields 1 month before planting; however, synthetic fertilizers were used in conventional fields. We sampled arthro-pods weekly after 7 weeks of sowing from the middle rows of treatments for both types of fields. We recorded 10 herbivores as well as eight natural enemy species. Herbivores were more abundant in conventional cotton. However, natural enemies were higher in organic cotton fields. Principal component analysis of herbivores assemblages depicted that Shannon diversity and abundance were positively correlated in the conventional cotton while Menhinick richness and Simpson dominance index were higher in organic cotton. Likewise, natural enemies' abundance, Shannon diversity, Menhinick richness and Simpson dominance were typically more concentrated in organic cultivated cotton. Regression analysis confirmed that the abundance and diversity of natural enemies played a significant role in lowering herbivores populations. Seed cotton yield was significantly higher in conventional cotton and the yield difference between organic and conventional cotton was 27.98%. Our study clearly demonstrates that organic cotton provides more functional and complementary niches to natural enemies and plays a crucial role in pest suppression. Implications of our results for future pest management with respect to ecosystem services in organically grown cotton crops are also discussed.

The role of thermal tolerance in determining elevational distributions of four arthropod taxa in mountain ranges of southern Asia

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023
J ANIM ECOL

Understanding the role of thermal tolerances in determining species distributions is important for assessing species responses to climate change. Two hypotheses linking physiology with species distributions have been put forward—the climatic variability hypothesis and the climatic extreme hypothesis. The climatic variability hypothesis predicts the selection of individuals with broad thermal tolerance in more variable climatic conditions and the climatic extreme hypothesis predicts the selection of individuals with extreme thermal tolerance values under extreme climatic conditions. However, no study has tested the predictions of these hypotheses simultaneously for several taxonomic groups along elevational gradients. Here, we related experimentally measured critical thermal maxima, critical thermal minima and thermal tolerance breadths for 15,187 individuals belonging to 116 species of ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders from mountain ranges in central and northern Pakistan to the limits and breadths of their geographic and temperature range. Across all species and taxonomic groups, we found strong relationships between thermal traits and elevational distributions both in terms of geography and temperature. The relationships were robust when repeating the analyses for ants, grasshoppers, and spiders but not for beetles. These results indicate a strong role of physiology in determining elevational distributions of arthropods in Southern Asia. Overall, we found strong support for the climatic variability hypothesis and the climatic extreme hypothesis. A close association between species' distributional limits and their thermal tolerances suggest that in case of a failure to adapt or acclimate to novel climatic conditions, species may be under pressure to track their preferred climatic conditions, potentially facing serious consequences under current and future climate change.

New state, island and prey records from Hawai‘i, U.S.A., and a new country record from Laos for lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2023
PAN-PAC ENTOMOL

Several species of lady(bird) beetles have been purposefully and inadvertently introduced for more than 100 years in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Here, we report new state records for two lady beetle species in Hawai‘i, 20 new island records associated with 14 lady beetle species, and prey information associated with eight records. The update includes new geographic distribution records from five of the eight main islands and the Northwestern Islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. New state records are reported for Delphastus pallidus LeConte, 1878 and Novius pumilus (Weise, 1892) in Hawai‘i. New island records are reported for Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798); Cycloneda sanguinea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763; Diomus roseicollis (Mulsant, 1853); Hyperaspis connectens (Thunberg, 1808); Hyperaspis silvestrii Weise, 1909; Nephaspis bicolor Gordon, 1982; Nephus roepkei (Fluiter, 1938); Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say, 1824); Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell, 1892); Scymnobius bilucernarius (Mulsant, 1850); Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Serangium maculigerum Blackburn, 1892; an undetermined Pharoscymnus sp. previously recorded in Hawai‘i; and an undetermined Sticholotis sp. previously reported from Hawai‘i. We report Laos as a new country record for the Sticholotis sp. Prey records are documented in Hawai‘i that include Tetraleurodes acaciae (Quaintance, 1900) for D. pallidus; Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 for S. maculigerum; Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring 1994 and Metaleurodicus cardini (Back, 1912) for N. bicolor; Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Back, 1912) for N. indus and D. roseicollis; Aonidiella orientalis for R. lophanthae; and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 for S. latemaculatus. The new records demonstrate the value of ongoing sampling and regular examination of undetermined collections.

Diversity and Distribution of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under Different Habitats in Zhemgang, Bhutan

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2025

The diversity of ladybird beetles is of great importance due to their worldwide utilization as biological control and indicator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of lady-bird beetles in three different habitats and regions of Nangkor Gewog under Zhemgang district. The stratified line transect sampling technique was employed for the collection of specimens using sweep net and beating tray. A total of 13 species under three tribes with 402 individuals were recorded. Widely found and used biological control species, Coccinella septempunctata was the most abundant species found in the study area with its relative abundance of 34.33% when compared to other species. Overall rank distribution based on relative abundance showed that 15 species distributed within 14 ranks. The study area had an overall diversity, H′ = 2.04, D mg = 2.33 and J = 0.75. A series of diversity comparisons across different regions within the study area, including habitats and habits showed variable species diversity and host plant preferences. As anticipated, the forest area harboured the most diverse ladybird beetle species, with Brassica juncea being the most favoured plant, hosting 84 individuals. The present study offers insights into the ladybird beetle diversity, that enhance our understanding and potential future use of these insects as a biological control.

SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF LADYBIRD BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN SOUTH WAZIRISTAN, PAKISTAN

Article

Dec 2023

Diversity and Distribution of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under Different Habitats in Zhemgang, Bhutan

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2024

The diversity of ladybird beetles is of great importance due to their worldwide utilization as biological control and indicator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of ladybird beetles in three different habitats and regions of Nangkor Gewog under the Zhemgang district. The stratified line transect sampling technique was employed for the collection of specimens using sweep net and beating tray. A total of 13 species under three tribes with 402 individuals were recorded. Widely found and used biological control species, Coccinella septempunctata was the most abundant species found in the study area with its relative abundance of 34.33% when compared to other species. Overall rank distribution based on relative abundance showed that 15 species distributed within 14 ranks. The study area had an overall diversity, H′ = 2.04, D mg = 2.33 and J = 0.75. A series of diversity comparisons across different regions within the study area, including habitats and habits showed variable species diversity and host plant preferences. As anticipated, the forest area harboured the most diverse ladybird beetle species, with Brassica juncea being the most favoured plant, hosting 84 individuals. The present study offers insights into the ladybird beetle diversity, that enhance our understanding and potential future use of these insects as a biological control.

Molecular characterization of mitochondrial COI gene sequences in Micraspis allardi from Pakistan

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023
PLOS ONE

The Coccinellidae is a highly diversified family of order Coleoptera. Coccinellid ladybirds are well known for their role as biological control agent against varied range of agricultural pests. The samples of coccinellid ladybird collected from Pakistan were identified and characterized as Micraspis allardi (Mulsant, 1866). This is one of the least-studied ladybird species with limited work on its ecological distribution as a biological control agent. The genus Micraspis has vast genetic diversity with a possible presence of unknown number of cryptic species. Sequence information of some species of the genus Micraspis are present in NCBI database. However, least molecular data or sequences describing M. allardi could be available from database. Therefore, morphological and molecular characterization was imperative for this species. Here, the samples collected from sugarcane field of Faisalabad District of Pakistan and were identified by using morphological and molecular protocols. For molecular identification, two different regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene (COI-5′ and COI- 3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of the species. Morphological appearance, DNA sequence similarity searches and phylogenetic analysis collectively indicated it as M. allardi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence of M. allardi using mitochondrial DNA barcode region (658bp) as well as mtCOI-3ʹ sequences (817bp). The study will help in understanding population genetics through diversity analysis, ecological role, and phenotypic structures associated with the geographic range of this species.

PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF FIVE COCCINELLID PREDATORS AGAINST COTTON MEALY BUG PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS (TINSLEY) IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS FROM SINDH, PAKISTAN *Corresponding Author

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2014

Lady bird beetles are predators of different agricultural pests such as aphids, mealy bugs, whiteflies, jassids, psyllids and scale insects. Among these pests, the cotton mealy bug is a very serious pest in the Asian countries specially Pakistan and India. In Pakistan very little work has been done on biological control against crop pests using predatory ladybird beetles. In the present study five species of the family Coccinellidae were evaluated against the cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley). In order of predatory potential, fourth instar larvae of Brumoides suturalis and adults of Coccinella septumpunctata showed high predatory potentials as compared to Hippodamia variegata, Menochilus sexmaculatus and Hyperaspis maindroni.

Whitefly (aleurolobus barodensis mask.) population fluctuation in diverse spatio-temporal conditions on sugarcane crop native to Pakistan

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2011

Three farmer's fields of sugarcane of 10-15 Kilometer (Km) radius in environs of Chinar sugar Mills Faisalabad (CSMF) Ashraf Sugar Mills Bahawalpur (ASMB) and Jamal Din Wali Sugar Mills Rahim Yar Khan (RKSM) were selected to evaluate the fluctuation in whitefly population. The distance from one locality to other environs was 450 Km to 500 Km. The data were recorded at fortnight interval during the crop season in 2008 and 2009 from April to December by randomly selected twenty tillers/leaves from each field of an area of one hectare from each locality. The data were correlated with the ambient weather factors (temperature, humidity and rainfall). The population of whitefly (nymph and adult) varied significantly (P<0.05) among observation interval and localities. The whitefly appeared during second fortnight of June in district CSMF and ASMB, while in district RKSM it was appeared during first fortnight of July the maximum mean population was recorded on first fortnight of November in district CSMF (7.96/leaf) and RKSM (14.94/leaf) and on second fortnight of October in district ASMB (15.81/leaf). The RKSM showed maximum whitefly population (4.61/leaf), while district CSMF furnished lower population (2.48/leaf). It was found that the relative humidity had positive and significant (P<0.05) correlation with the whitefly population and it contributed 42.3%, 43.8% and 35.9% in CSMF, ASMB and RKSM district, respectively and the trend of whitefly appearance was found to be similar in 2008 and 2009. The relative humidity played positive and significant role for population fluctuation during month of October and November.

The Tribe Scymnini (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) From Sindh Province, Pakistan

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2015
J INSECT SCI

Coccinellids are important natural enemies of aphids, scale insects, mealybugs, whiteflies, jassids and mites. They are being augmented or conserved for population reduction of different agricultural crop pests in the concept of Integrated Pest Management throughout the world. The genera and species in the tribe Scymnini known from Pakistan are revised and redescribed. Two genera including two subgenera and six species among which three species are newly reported, is therefore, a new addition to Coccinellid fauna of Pakistan. Keys to all taxa, descriptions of the higher taxa, species diagnoses, synonymies, and distribution records are included.

Population Dynamics of Grain Aphid, Sitobion avenae F. (Aphididae: Homoptera) and Barley Thrips, Limothrips cerealium H. (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) on Wheat and Barley in Highland Balochistan

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2006
PAK J ZOOL

The observations on the population dynamics of Grain aphid, Sitobion avenae F. and Barley thrips, Limothrips cerealium H were taken from the fields of wheat and barley at AZRC farm and Agricultural College, Quetta during the season 2002-03. Data indicated that the population of aphid was significantly higher on wheat as compared with barley during 1 st week of April and 1 st week of May. The overall mean population of aphid was 1. 78/tiller on wheat and 1.25/tiller on barley. The population of thrips was also significantly higher on wheat as compared with barley during 2nd and 3 rd week of April. The mean population of thrips was 2.38/tiller on wheat and 1.44/tiller on barley. In the 2 nd experiment on population dynamics of these insects on five wheat varieties, viz: AZRI-96, local, S-98, Local Zamindar and ICW, local showed significantly highest resistance against aphids than any other variety. While significantly higher population of aphids was recorded on ICW during the 2 nd fortnight of April. In contrast, local proved to be susceptible to thrips as maximum number of thrips were observed on local during 2nd fortnight of April. The population of either insects (aphids or thrips) was significantly different among genotypes, among sampling dates and no statistically significant interactions were observed between genotypes and sampling dates.

First Record of the Tribe Bulaeini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) With Generic and Species Descriptions From Pakistan

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2014
PAK J ZOOL

Bulaea lichatschovi (Hummel, 1827), belonging to the genus Bulaea under the tribe Bulaeini is recorded from Sindh Province, Pakistan for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and distributions are provided. Food preferences of this species are also discussed.

Phylogeny and classification of Cucujoidea and the recognition of a new superfamily Coccinelloidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia)

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2015
SYST ENTOMOL

A large-scale phylogenetic study is presented for Cucujoidea (Coleoptera), a diverse superfamily of beetles that historically has been taxonomically difficult. This study is the most comprehensive analysis of cucujoid taxa to date, with DNA sequence data sampled from eight genes (four nuclear, four mitochondrial) for 384 coleopteran taxa, including exemplars of 35 (of 37) families and 289 genera of Cucujoidea. Maximum-likelihood analyses of these data present many significant relationships, some proposed previously and some novel. Tenebrionoidea and Lymexyloidea are recovered together and Cleroidea forms the sister group to this clade. Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea are recovered as sister taxa and this clade (Phytophaga) forms the sister group to the core Cucujoidea (Cucujoidea s.n.). The nitidulid series is recovered as the earliest-diverging core cucujoid lineage, although the earliest divergences among core Cucujoidea are only weakly supported. The cerylonid series (CS) is recovered as monophyletic and is supported as a major Cucujiform clade, sister group to the remaining superfamilies of Cucujiformia. Currently recognized taxa that were not recovered as monophyletic include Cucujoidea, Endomychidae, Cerylonidae and Bothrideridae. Biphyllidae and Byturidae were recovered in Cleroidea. The remaining Cucujoidea were recovered in two disparate major clades: one comprising the nitidulid series+erotylid series+Boganiidae and Hobartiidae+cucujid series, and the other comprising the cerylonid series. Propalticidae are recovered within Laemophloeidae. The cerylonid series includes two major clades, the bothriderid group and the coccinellid group. Akalyptoischiidae are recovered as a separate clade from Latridiidae. Eupsilobiinae are recovered as the sister taxon to Coccinellidae. In light of these findings, many formal changes to cucujiform beetle classification are proposed. Biphyllidae and Byturidae are transferred to Cleroidea. The cerylonid series is formally recognized as a new superfamily, Coccinelloidea stat.n. Current subfamilies elevated (or re-elevated) to family status include: Murmidiidae stat.n., Teredidae stat.n., Euxestidae stat.n., Anamorphidae stat.rev., Eupsilobiidae stat.n., and Mycetaeidae stat.n. The following taxa are redefined and characterized: Cleroidea s.n., Cucujoidea s.n., Cerylonidae s.n., Bothrideridae s.n., Endomychidae s.n. A new subfamily, Cyclotominae stat.n., is described. Stenotarsinae syn.n. is formally subsumed within a new concept of Endomychinae s.n.

Comparative Characterization of the Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan

Article

Full-text available