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Cetatea traco-getică Potârca
... La adâncimea de la 1,8 m până la 2,6 m -au fost descoperite 70 fragmente ceramice, dintre care atrag atenția pereți de la vase getice grosiere de culoare brun-cenușie decorați cu brâu alveolat și cu buton, dar și un perete de amforă de culoare cărămizie. Ceramică asemănătoare a fost descoperită în mai multe situri sincrone: Butuceni (Niculiță, Teodor, Zanoci 2002, fi g. 87; Munteanu 2014, 60, fi g. 9, 10, 11), Mășcăuți "Dealul cel Mare" (Zanoci 2004, fi g. 20), Potârca (Niculiță, Matveev, Potângă 1999, fi g. 7); Saharna Mare (Niculiță et al. 2013, fi g. 58), Saharna Mică (Niculiță, Zanoci, Arnăut 2008, fi g. 14/1-9). În complex au mai fost descoperite 10 oase de animale. ...
Bien que connu depuis près d’un siècle, la fortification de Horodca Mare, Hânceşti, n’a pas atteint les chercheurs que depuis quelques années maintenant. En outre, les interprétations occasionnelles de certains de mes collègues ont tendance à exclure le site de la liste des fortifications Gète, en faisant valoir sa position en l’absence de tous les indicateurs palpables de caractère défensif. Cette position est doublement regrettable, car il est venu à négliger les opinions exprimées par les archéologues des générations précédentes. Par conséquent, essayer de récupérer les arguments en faveur de caractère défensif du site du promontoire La Cetate (sic!), nous avons rassemblé et analysé les informations provenant de plusieurs sources, ainsi que les résultats de la recherche sur le terrain que nous avons menée en collaboration avec des collègues de l’Université Pédagogique de Chisinau. De cette façon, on a retourné aux collègues les arguments qui démontrent la nature défensive du site, suivie de la présentation des éléments caractéristiques défensifs qui ont été étudié au Horodca Mare.
... Ceramică similară este cunoscută în siturile traco-getice din bazinul Răutului Inferior -Butuceni (Niculiță, Teodor, Zanoci 2002, fi g. 87), Mășcăuți "Dealul cel Mare" (Zanoci 2004, fi g. 20), Potârca (Niculiță, Matveev, Potângă 1999, fi g. 7) etc., la cele din regiunea Nistrului Mijlociu -Saharna Mare (Niculiță et al. 2013, fi g. 58), Saharna Mică (Niculiță, Zanoci, Arnăut 2008, fi g. 14/1-9), precum și în alte teritorii populate de aceste comunități (Teodor 1999, fi g. 25). ...
As a result of archaeological investigations carried out in June 2015 near the village of Mana, there were found three fortified settlements: Mana III, Mana IV, and Mana V.
The hill fort of Mana III, an area of about 0,18 ha, is located on the promontory at a distance of 1 km south of the village. From the east and west sides the fort was protected by steep slopes of the promontory, and from the north and south sides – by “ramparts” and ditches. On the surface of the settlement there were found fragments of the Thraco-Getic hand-made pottery and fragments of Greek amphorae, due to which the settlement can be attributed to the Thraco-Getic period. Also, at the site there was investigated a cremation burial typical for the Poienești-Lukashevka culture.
The hill fort of Mana IV is located 0.8 km south-east of the village, on the terrace, which has a steep slope to the west. From the north, east and south it was protected by an earthen “rampart”. The area of the monument is about 7 hectares.
The fortress of Mana V, an area of about 0.5 hectares, is located on a hill 0.5 km east of the village. It has a circular shape and was protected by a circular “rampart”.
All these sites are located in the basin of the Vatici River, right tributary of the Răut. Besides the hill forts near the village of Mana, in the region there were previously found four fortifi ed settlements (Tabăra, Morozeni, Dâşcova, Isacova) and two open settlements (Isacova, Selişte) relating to the Thraco-Getic period. Also, in the Vatici Basin several sites of the Poienești-Lukashevka culture were investigated – the settlements of Lukashevka I, Lukashevka II, Mana I, and the burial ground of Lukashevka III.
Archaeological research conducted in the summer of 2015 in the western part of promontory Butuceni, Orhei District, was
a logical continuation of research that was carried out in the past 2013 and 2014 years. The complexity of previous fi ndings raised
several problems and the search for solutions was determined by the need to specify the confi guration of the defense from the
west extremity of the headland and its elements. It was necessary a correlation of discovered defense segments with traces of a
relatively well-preserved fortifi cation segment, a wallum and a ditch, located on the top of the promontory. It was considered, until the
research from 2013, that access from the west side of the promontory was blocked by a linear defense system, which begins exactly
in the point which is still visible today and continues west toward Răut River bed. Observations led us to believe that the continuation
of the defense line that was identifi ed and studied in our fi rst return year of research at Butuceni might follow a path other than
the one suggested by traces of fortifi cations preserved on top of the promontory, as was traditionally thought. The verifi cation of
this hypothesis and identifi cation of the exact number of fortifi ed lines, along with the constituent elements of the defense system,
determined the main goals that were set and achieved during the campaigns of 2013 through 2015.
Archaeological research conducted in the summer of 2015 in the western part of promontory Butuceni, Orhei District, was a logical continuation of research that was carried out in the past 2013 and 2014 years. The complexity of previous findings raised several problems and the search for solutions was determined by the need to specify the configuration of the defense from the western extremity of the headland and its elements. It was necessary a correlation of discovered defense segments with traces of a relatively well-preserved fortification segment, a wall and a ditch, located on the top of the promontory. It was considered, until the research from 2013, that access from the west side of the promontory was blocked by a linear defense system, which begins exactly in the point which is still visible today and continues west toward Răut River bed. Observations led us to believe that the continuation of the defense line that was identified and studied in our first return year of research at Butuceni might follow a path other than the one suggested by traces of fortifications preserved on top of the promontory, as was traditionally thought. The verification of this hypothesis and identification of the exact number of fortified lines, along with the constituent elements of the defense system, determined the main goals that were set and achieved during the campaigns of 2013 through 2015.
Die Befestigungen aus dem genannten Arbeitsraum wurden an in mancherlei Hinsicht strategisch gut gelegenen Orten errichtet. Die Geländesporne, auf denen sie gegründet wurden, stellen eine Lage dar, die nicht nur schwer zugänglich war, sondern auch die umliegenden Gebiete dominierte und eine sehr gute Sicht ermöglichte. Die Nähe von Ressourcen, Land- und Wasserhandelswegen spielte dabei ebenfalls eine wichtige Rolle. Oftmals sind diese Stellen durch schmale und sehr tiefe Gräben, Schluchten und Flusstäler umgeben oder abgetrennt. Die günstige geographische Lage alleine reichte jedoch nicht aus, um die volle Sicherheit einer Siedlung zu leisten, und machte die Errichtung zusätzlicher Verteidigungslinien notwendig. Die vor Ort vorhandenen Baumaterialien (Stein, Holz, Lehm, etc.) bestimmten ihrerseits die architektonisch-technologische Bauweise der künstlichen Wehrsysteme. Letztendlich war eine ausgeklügelte Kombination naturgegebener Faktoren und künstlicher Abwehranlagen für das dauerhafte Bestehen einer Befestigung als Zentrum politischer, kulturellreligiöser und wirtschaftlicher Macht ausschlaggebend.
Archaeological researches at the site of Saharna „La Şanţ” (situated near Saharna and Saharna Nouă villages, Rezina region) were continued in 2007. The excavations covered an area of 140 m² and yielded four household pits containing varied ceramic material. The occupation layer of the settlement was 0,4-0,9 m thick and contained a fragment of an iron spearhead, a bronze three-bladed arrowhead, stone implements, bones, clay and numerous fragments of pottery. The excavated objects allow to suppose the existence of two cultural-chronological horizons dating back to the early Hallstatt period – the “Cozia-Saharna” culture and the Thraco-Getian period (7th/6th to 3d c. B.C.).
Die Analyse verschiedener Elemente des Wehrsystems sowie die Vergleiche mit der Fundlage in benachbarten Gebieten zeigen, dass hier im Wesentlichen zwei Bautraditionen zu verfolgen sind. Die erste und gängigere, nämlich Mauern aus Holz, Stein und Erde zu errichten, kann um die Karpaten herum bis in die frühe und mittlere Hallstattphase zurückverfolgt werden. Vor allem ab dem 4. Jh. v. Chr. Lassen sich aber neben der lokalen Bauweise auch südländische Einflüsse bei der Errichtung der Befestigungen feststellen.
Diese zeigen sich besonders sowohl im Gebrauch neuer Baumaterialien wie bearbeitete Steine und Lehmziegel als auch in den verwendeten Baumethoden. Mangels schriftlicher Quellen lässt sich nur vermuten, dass die Verbreitungswege mediterraner Einflüsse in diesem Bereich sehr unterschiedlich waren. Die Bauarbeiten konnten gleichermaßen von Maurern und Bauleitern aus den griechischen Kolonien, von wandernden Handwerkern oder sogar von lokalen Fachkräften durchgeführt werden, die mit griechischen Bautechniken vertraut waren.
The archaeological research conducted in 2017-2019 was concentrated in the southwest part of the site, where as a result of the geomagnetic measurements a positive anomaly was attested that denotes the presence ofb urned structures.
Following the archaeological excavations (256 m2) in this part of the settlement, three layers of living were identified:
Holercani-Hansca, Cozia-Saharna and Thracian-Getae.
It was discovered a pit (7/2018) belonging to the Holercani-Hansca horizon whose filling contained ceramics characteristic of this culture.
For the Cozia-Saharna layer was found a structure (4/2017-2019), 12 pits, a burial, and various archaeological inventory represented by work tools, weapons and ceramics ornamented with incised and stamped ornaments.
In the Thracian-Getae layer were uncovered three structures, 13 pits and a rich archaeological finding. Among the inventory items are tools and utensils made of different raw materials – iron, bronze, bone and horn, stone and burnt clay. From this layer come several weapons, in particular, tips of bronze arrows, as well as pieces of jewelry, represented by fibuale, bracelets, rings etc. Also, from the Thracian-Getae layer was recovered a significant amount of local ceramics and Greek imports.
In December 2014 National Museum of History received an iron object — single edged sica dagger, found on the territory of Trebujeni-„Potârca” hillfort. Unfortunately the circumstances of the discovery do not permit reliably judge its context, but the location itself allows to link this finding with Poieneşti-Lukaševka cultural horizon. Basing on the chronological observations it could be assumed that the dagger from Potârca dates back to LtD1 period or late 2nd — early 1st centuries BC and linked with activity of Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii cultural group.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.