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A tribute to Hans O. Lyon 1932−2018

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Biotechnic & Histochemistry
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A tribute to
Hans O. Lyon 1932−2018
G. S. Nettleton, Richard Dapson & Richard W. Horobin
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A tribute to Hans O. Lyon
1932−2018, Biotechnic & Histochemistry, DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1516397
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1516397
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OBITUARY
A tribute to Hans O. Lyon
19322018
Hans Oluf Lyon passed away June 28 2018, thus ending
a long and distinguished career as an educator,
histochemist, physician and leader. Those of us in the
Biological Stain Commission (BSC) knew him owing to
his long service to our organization: Trustee for seven
terms, from 1997 to 2018, then Trustee Emeritus in
April of 2018. He is uniformly remembered as a
thoughtful, quiet and scholarly person; a great guy who
always took the time to listen. He was a gentleman in the
truest sense of the word. He spoke to the group only
when he had something important to say. In private
conversations, he showed a delightfully dry humor. He
was diligent in deciding what was best for the BSC and
in meetings with other organizations, he always seemed
to know more than everyone else and he had the grace
and class to share his understanding quietly and respect-
fully. One colleague noted that Hans provided much
guidance, which proved to be of lifelong value.
Another was told, before meeting Hans, You will like
Hans Lyon; he is a noble and absolutely honest man.
Born in Denmark, December 14 1932, Hans and his
family moved to Northern Ireland to escape the
German occupation during World War II. His English
language skills were perfect, but a keen ear could detect
the influence of his childhood. After the war, during the
summer of 1945, the family returned to Denmark. At
the age of 30, Hans qualified in medicine. He met his
wife, Gyda, in 1958 and they were married in 1960.
They shared a passion for gardens and made several
tours of famous British gardens. Not surprising for a
quiet man, Hans enjoyed walks in the woods or along
canals, with quiet conversation among friends.
Hans was so humble that most of us knew little of
his accomplishments. We learn now that those accom-
plishments were legion. Much of the following review
of Hanscareer is taken from an extraordinary publica-
tion: Clausen PP, Hjort KN, Lyon HO, Nielsen O
(2016) A Short History of Histochemistry in Denmark,
Danish Society for Cyto- and Histochemistry.
During the early 1960s, the first academic-based
professional histochemistry training program in
Denmark was offered at the Department of Zoology,
University of Copenhagen. The goal was to provide
suitably trained teachers for programs leading to
qualification as Histo-Medical Laboratory Scientists.
Hans Lyon enrolled in 1965 and by 1967 assumed
the role as manager of the Pathology Departments
histochemical laboratory at the Copenhagen City
Hospital. He also served as educator from 19672002
at the school for Biomedical Laboratory Scientists in
Copenhagen, said to be the best of its kind in Europe,
if not the world. In 1969, Lyon and Prentø published a
textbook for the curriculum, Theoretical Foundations
of Histological and Histochemical Methods, which was
expanded over the years with other colleagues in 1985,
again in 1991, and a final revision in 1998. Hans also
was involved with the Diploma Course for Biomedical
Laboratory Scientists from 1998 to 2001. In 1970,
histochemistry became part of the training to become
a specialist physician and Hans led the program from
the start.
Hans was instrumental in organizing the Danish Society
of Cyto- and Histochemistry (DSCH) in 1976, while he was
Senior Physician in the Department of Pathology,
Københavns Kommunes Hvidovre Hospital. He served as
Chairman of the DSCH from 19852003.
By 1980, Hans had become interested in quality control
in histochemistry, especially concerning dyes. His paper on
pyronin, presented at the International Histochemistry and
Cytochemistry Congress that year in Brighton, England,
led to a collaboration with the late Dietrich Wittekind and
Richard Horobin (both also BSC Trustees). From this, in
1987, came the establishment of a working group on dye
purity under the European Committee for Clinical
BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY
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upon in any way.
Laboratory Standards (ECCLS) and later the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN). The latter organi-
zation encoded Hansworking groups standards within
EN ISO 19,001, as TC 140, In Vitro Diagnostic Devices.This
standard, intended for reagent manufacturers, pertains to
dyes used in diagnostic tests. It was revised, under Hans
guidance, in 2002 and 2015. Hans chaired the BSC
Committee for International Relations for many years,
and wrote a regular column from 2008 to 2016 for
Biotechnic & Histochemistry entitled News from the
Biological Stain Commission,by which he kept the scien-
tific community informed about regulatory matters.
During his career, Hans Lyon authored or co-
authored five books and several book chapters. His
research publications include four concerning general
histology, 13 concerning pathology, 22 concerning dyes
and stains and 14 related to standardization.
Richard W. Dapson, President, Biological Stain
Commission
Richard W. Horobin, Vice-President, Biological Stain
Commission
Authorsnote: several of our colleagues on the Biological Stain
Commission,aswellasotherswhowerecolleaguesofHans,kindly
suppliedmuchoftheinformationinthistribute.ThankstoMike
Barer, Chad Fagan, John Kiernan, Søren Nielsen, David P.
Penney,EricSchulteandCliveTaylor.TheBSCisparticularly
grateful to Gyda Lyon for providing personal information about
her husband.
Personal tributes and remembrances
Sometimes I have wondered if Hans Lyon specialised in
disconcerting me, although he probably didntmeanto.
Indeed, he usually didntknowhehadand he might well
have been embarrassed to have known. But, as he was a
courteous man, albeit persistent and strong willed, I never
felt disrespected. Consequently, I could learn from the
experiences. So let me tell you of a couple of such times
There was the occasion when I learned a little more of
the benefits of scientific humility. This occurred when a
scientific viewpoint Id publically espoused many times,
in print and presentations, crashed to earth. As soon as I
had read the experimental results Hans and his buddy
had published, my story was over and gone: a classic of
the slaying of a beautiful theory by an ugly fact.Back
to drawing board and, thank you, Hans. Aside: the
theory concerned the mode of action of the methyl
green-pyronin stain, but that is of little matter here.
And then there was the time I learned why to travel
light. Arriving at an almost deserted airport, I found my
hold baggagewith my respectable give a lecture
clothes was lost. Panic! Found, after an hour of increas-
ing anxiety, where it had fallen from a luggage trolley. But
this delay let me meet Hans, arriving on the final flight of
the day. Who strolled off the flight and into the almost
empty arrivals lounge, carrying all his luggage in a small
shoulder bag. Aside: this time my learning was limited to
whyas Hanshow still evades me.
Hans Lyon: a good man, a warm hearted man, a
courteous man, a smart man. And a man much missed.
Richard W. Horobin, Vice-President, Biological Stain
Commission
While I was working on my doctoral degree in the
1970s, I read nearly every paper Hans published about
histochemistry. He was among my idols as I began my
adventure in the field. His writing revealed a brilliant
scientist worthy of emulation.
In more recent years, I came to know Hans person-
ally through annual meetings of the Biological Stain
Commission. He was a faithful attendee and contribu-
tor. His comments always were thoughtful, but as a
naturally reserved person, he offered his insights quietly
and sparingly. But when he spoke, we listened.
As a quiet sort of fellow myself, I naturally was drawn
to him. He was always gracious toward me and seemed to
enjoy our time together. We spent many hours sitting
together in meetings, dinners and for late night coffee
afterward. I always looked forward to spending time with
him. I am blessed and forever grateful for the privilege of
forming a friendship with my hero.
Hans truly was a gentleman at a time when gentlemen
are rare. He was a giant in his field of study and warm in his
personal relations. I shall miss him greatly. We are poorer
for his loss, but heaven is enriched by his presence there.
G. S. Nettleton, Trustee, Biological Stain Commission
Publications of Hans O. Lyon
Books and book chapters
Lyon H, Prento P. 1969. Theoretical Foundations of
Histological and Histochemical Methods. DSR-Forlag,
Copenhagen: DSR-Forlag.
Lyon H, editor. 1985 Histokemi, volume I.
Copenhagen: DSR-Forlag; p. 401.
Lyon H, editor. 1985. Histokemi, volume II.
Copenhagen: DSR-Forlag; p. 388.
Lyon H, Barer MR, Andersen AP, Jakobsen P, Høyer
PE. 1986. Methyl green-Pyronin stain. In: Boon ME,
Kok LP, editor(s). Standardization and Quantitation of
Diagnostic Staining in Cytology. Leiden: Coulomb
Press; p. 6064.
2S. NETTLETON ET AL.
Lyon H, editor. 1991. Theory and Strategy in
Histochemistry. A Guide to the Selection and
Understanding of Techniques. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Lyon HO. 2002. Dye purity and dye standardization for
biological staining. Ch. 6 In: Horobin RW, Kiernan JA,
editors. Conns Biological Stains. 10th ed. Oxford: BIOS
Scientific Publishers. p. 6776.
Clausen PP, Hjort CN, Lyon HO, Nielsen O. 2016. A Short
History of Histochemistry in Denmark. Denmark: Danish
Society for Cyto- and Histochemistry; p. 94.
Lyon HO. 2016. Chapter 4.1: Danish participation in
international quality control. Pages 7072, In: A Short
History of Histochemistry in Denmark. Denmark:
Danish Society for Cyto- and Histochemistry; p. 94.
Research papers and reviews
Lyon H, Poulsen HE, Pindborg JJ. 1964. Studies in oral
leukoplasias. Deposits of amyloid in the oral submu-
cosa induced by prolonged use of snuff. Acta Pathol
Microbiol Scand. 60:305310.
Lyon H, Carstens PH. 1967. Light microscopic studies
on the distribution of glycogen in human liver biopsies
with special reference to the limiting plate. Acta Pathol
Microbiol Scand. 71:502508.
Lyon H, Christoffersen P. 1971. Histochemical study of
Mallory bodies. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A
9:649657.
Lyon H, Prentø, P. 1973. Alcian blue-silver impregna-
tion. A method differentiating between acid carbohy-
drates, reticulin fibres and collagen fibres. Acta Path
Microbiol Scand Sect A. 81:68.
Lyon H, Prento P. 1973. Artefactual staining of the
peripheral zone of needle biopsies. Acta Pathol
Microbiol Scand A. 81:915.
Prentø P, Lyon H. 1973. Nucleoprotein staining. An
analysis of a standardized trichloroacetic acidfast
green FCF procedure. Histochem J. 5:493501.
Lyon H, Prentø P. 1980. Aldehyde Fuchsin staining of
pancreatic B cells. Reproducible high contrast staining
of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material.
Histochem J. 12:97105.
Gluud C, Hardt F, Aldershvile J, Christoffersen P, Lyon
H, Nielsen J. 1981. Isolation of Mallory bodies and an
attempt to demonstrate cell mediated immunity to
Mallory body isolate in patients with alcoholic liver
disease. J Clin Pathol. 34:10101016.
Lyon H, Bræksted M, Møller M. 1981. Method for
direct induction of serotonin fluorescence in a carci-
noid tumor after embedding in hydroxyethyl methacry-
late. Lab Invest. 45:316320.
Fenger C, Lyon H. 1982. Endocrine cells and melanin-
containing cells in the anal canal epithelium.
Histochem J. 14:631639.
Hølund B, Clemmensen I, Junker P, Lyon H. 1982.
Fibronectin in experimental granulation tissue. Acta
Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 90:159165.
Hølund B, Junker P, Christoffersen P, Lyon H,
Lorenzen I. 1982. The effect of D-penicillamine and
methylprednisolone on the morphology of experimen-
tal granulation tissue in rats. Acta Pathol Microbiol
Immunol Scand A. 90:5155.
Lyon H, Andersen AP, Andersen I, Clausen PP, Herold
B. 1982. Purity of commercial non-certified European
samples of Pyronin Y. Histochem J. 14:621630.
Lyon H, Bræksted M, Møller M. 1982. Induced
fluorescence of serotonin in paraffin sections from
carcinoid tumors. Brain Res Bull. 9:751756.
Lyon H, Jakobsen P, Clausen PP, Andersen AP. 1983.
Methyl Green-Pyronin staining with pure Pyronin Y.
Histochem J. 15:605606.
Jakobsen P, Andersen AP, Lyon H. 1984. Preparation
and characterization of methyl green tetrafluoroborate.
Histochemistry. 81:177179.
Jakobsen P, Lyon H, Treppendahl S. 1984.
Spectrophotometric characteristics and assay of pure
pyronin Y. Histochemistry. 81:99101.
Carstens PH, Greenberg RA, Francis D, Lyon H. 1985.
Tubular carcinoma of the breast. A long term follow-
up. Histopathology. 9:271280.
Andersen AP, Jakobsen P, Lyon H, Hoyer PE. 1986.
Purification of methyl green using polyamide.
Histochem. J. 18:461462.
Andersen AP, Lyon H, Jakobsen P, Høyer PE. 1986.
Nucleic acid staining with the methyl green-pyronin
method. A comparison of the use of pure dyes and com-
mercially available dyes. Histochemistry. 84:279280.
Barer MR, Lyon HO, Drasar BS. 1986. Quantitation of
dye binding to cell monolayers in a microtiter system.
Histochem J. 18:122128.
Horn T, Lyon H, Christoffersen P. 1986. The blood
hepatocytic barrier: a light microscopical, transmission
and scanning electron microscopic study. Liver. 1986
6:233245.
Hoyer PE, Lyon H, Jakobsen P, Andersen AP. 1986.
Standardized methyl green-pyronin Y procedures using
pure dyes. Histochem J. 18: 9094.
Barer MR, Lyon HO. 1987. The impact of different
fixation procedures on staining of macromolecules in
a microtiter system. Histochem J. 19:671675.
Lyon H, Jakobsen P, Hoyer P, Andersen AP. 1987. An
investigation of new commercial samples of methyl
green and pyronine Y. Histochem J. 19:381384.
BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY 3
Boon ME, Schleicher A, Wijsman-Grootendorst A, Lyon
H, Kok LP. 1988. Staining of the nucleolus with protein and
RNAstainsforautomaticmeasurementofnucleolarsizein
paraffin sections. Stain Technol. 63:289297.
Karlsmark T, Danielsen L, Aalund O, Thomsen HK,
Nielsen O, Nielsen KG, Lyon H, Ammitzbøll T, Møller
R, Genefke IK. 1988. Electrically-induced collagen cal-
cification in pig skin. A histopathologic and histochem-
ical study. Forensic Sci Int. 1988 39:163174.
Lyon H, Schulte E, Hoyer PE. 1989. The correlation
between uptake of methyl green and Feulgen staining
intensity of cell nuclei. An image analysis study.
Histochem J. 21:508513.
Dowidar N, Kolmos HJ, Lyon H, Matzen P. 1991.
Clogging of biliary endoprostheses. A morphologic
and bacteriologic study. Scand J Gastroenterol.
26:11371144.
Schulte EK, Lyon H, Prentø P. 1991. Gallocyanin chro-
malum as a nuclear stain in cytology. I. A cytophoto-
metric comparison of the Husain-Watts Gallocyanin
chromalum staining protocol with the Feulgen proce-
dure. Histochem J. 23:241245.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
I. Terminology and general principles. European
Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
(ECCLS), Subcommittee on Reference Materials for
Tissue Stains (SRMTS). Histochem. J. 24:217219.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van Liederkerke
B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O, Wittekind D,
Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part standards. Part
II. 1. Pyronin Y (CI 45005). European Committee for
Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS), Subcommittee
on Reference Materials for Tissue Stains (SRMTS).
Histochem J. 24:220223.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van Liederkerke
B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O, Wittekind D,
Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part standards. Part II.
2. Methyl green (CI 42585 and ethyl green (42590).
European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
(ECCLS), Subcommittee on Reference Materials for
Tissue Stains (SRMTS). Histochem J. 24:224227.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van Liederkerke
B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O, Wittekind D,
Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part standards. Part
II. 3. Thionin (CI 52000). European Committee for
Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS), Subcommittee
on Reference Materials for Tissue Stains (SRMTS).
Histochem J. 24:228232.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
standards. Part II. 4. Victoria blue B (CI 44045).
European Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards (ECCLS), Subcommittee on Reference
Materials for Tissue Stains (SRMTS). Histochem J.
24:230232.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
standards. Part II. 5. Pararosanilin (CI 42500).
European Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards (ECCLS), Subcommittee on Reference
Materials for Tissue Stains (SRMTS). Histochem J.
24:233235.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
standards. Part II. 6. Rosanilin (CI 42510). European
Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS),
Subcommittee on Reference Materials for Tissue Stains
(SRMTS). Histochem J. 24:236237.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
standards. Part II. 7. Magenta II. (No CI number).
European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
(ECCLS), Subcommittee on Reference Materials for
Tissue Stains (SRMTS). Histochem J. 24:238239.
Lyon H, Schulte E, de Leenheer A, Lewis S, Friemert V,
Struck C, Gadson D, Allison R, Brunk U, van
Liederkerke B, Hasselager E, Horobin R, Husain O,
Wittekind D, Zschoach H. 1992. Dye standards. Part
standards. Part II. 8. New fuchsin (CI 42520). European
Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS),
Subcommittee on Reference Materials for Tissue Stains
(SRMTS). Histochem J. 24:240242.
Schulte EK, Lyon HO, Hoyer PE. 1992. Simultaneous
quantification of DNA and RNA in tissue sections. A
comparative analysis of the methyl green-pyronin techni-
que with the gallocyanin chromalum and Feulgen proce-
dures using image cytometry. Histochem J. 24:305310.
Garred P, Lyon H, Christoffersen P, Mollnes TE,
Tranum-Jensen J. 1993. Deposition of C3, the
terminal complement complex and vitronectin in
4S. NETTLETON ET AL.
primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing
cholangitis. Liver. 13:305310.
Jørgensen LJ, Lyon H, Myhre-Jensen O, Nordentoft A,
Sneppen O. 1994. Synovial sarcoma. An immunohisto-
chemical study of the epithelial component. APMIS.
102:191196.
Lyon HO, Deleenheer AP, Horobin RW, Lambert WE,
Schulte EKW, Vanliedekerke B, Wittekind DH. 1994.
Standardization of reagents and methods used in cyto-
logical and histological practice with emphasis on dyes,
stains and chromogenic reagents. Histochem J. 26:
533544.
Lyon H, Holm I, Prentø P, Balslev E. 1995. Non-hazar-
dous organic solvents in the paraffin-embedding tech-
nique: a rational approach. Aliphatic monoesters for
clearing and dewaxing: butyldecanoate. Histochem
Cell Biol. 103:263269.
Prentø P, Lyon H. 1997. Commercial formalin substi-
tutes for histopathology. Biotech Histochem.
72:273282.
Van Driel BE, Lyon H, Hoogenraad DC, Anten S,
Hansen U, Van Noorden CJ. 1997. Expression of
CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase in human color-
ectal neoplasms. Free Rad Biol Med. 23:435444.
Lyon H. 1999. Standardization in biological staining. The
influence of dye manufacturing. Biotech Histochem.
74:176182.
Van Driel BE, Valet GK, Lyon H, Hansen U, Song JY,
Van Noorden CJ. 1999. Prognostic estimation of survi-
val of colorectal cancer patients with the quantitative
histochemical assay of G6PDH activity and the multi-
parameter classification program CLASSIF1.
Cytometry. 38:176183.
Hazen LG, Bleeker FE, Lauritzen B, Bahns S, Song J,
Jonker A, Van Driel BE, Lyon H, Hansen U, Köhler A,
Van Noorden CJ. 2000. Comparative localization of
cathepsin B protein and activity in colorectal cancer. J
Histochem Cytochem. 48:142130.
Lyon HO. 2002. Dye purity and dye standardization
for biological staining. Biotech Histochem. 77:5780.
Lyon HO, Schulte EK, Prentø P, Barer MR, Bene MC.
2002. Standardized staining methods: Feulgen-
Rossenbeck reaction for desoxyribonucleic acid and per-
iodic acid-Schiff (PAS) procedure. Biotech Histochem.
77:121125.
Prentø P, Lyon HO. 2003. Methyl green-pyronin Y
staining of nucleic acids: studies on the effects of stain-
ing time, dye composition and diffusion rates. Biotech
Histochem. 78:2733.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2007. Standardization and
standards for dyes and stains used in biology and
medicine. Biotech Histochem. 82: 111.
Reports on standardization issues
Lyon H, Horobin RW. 2008. News from the Biological
Stain commission. Biotech Histochem. 83:5558.
Lyon H, Horobin RW. 2008. News from the Biological
Stain commission. Biotech Histochem. 83:97100.
Lyon HO, Kiernan JA. 2008. News from the Biological
Stain commission. Biotech Histochem. 83:201203.
Lyon HO, Kiernan JA. 2008. News from the
Biological Stain Commission. Biotech Histochem.
83:285288.
Lyon HO, Dapson RW. 2009. News from the Biological
Stain Commission. No. 5. Biotech Histochem.
84:117120.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2010. News from the Biological
Stain Commission. No. 6. Biotech Histochem.
85:149151.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2010. News from the Biological
Stain Commission. No. 7. Biotech Histochem.
85:205208.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2010. News from the
Biological Stain Commission. No. 8. Biotech
Histochem. 85:331336.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2010. News from the Biological
Stain Commission. No. 9. Biotech Histochem. 85:389395.
Lyon HO. 2011. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No.10. Biotech Histochem. 86:6163.
Lyon HO. 2012. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No.11. Biotech Histochem. 87:7277.
Lyon HO. 2012. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No.12. Biotech Histochem. 87:235239.
Lyon HO. 2013. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No.13. Biotech Histochem. 88:5458.
Lyon HO. 2013. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No.14. Biotech Histochem. 88:208212.
Lyon HO, Horobin RW. 2014. News from the Biological
Stain Commission No. 15. Biotech Histochem. 89:
232239.
Lyon HO. 2015. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No. 16. Biotech Histochem. 90:231238.
Lyon HO. 2016. News from the Biological Stain
Commission No. 17. Biotech Histochem. 91:220227.
G. S. Nettleton, Richard Dapson and Richard W. Horobin
gsnettleton@gmail.com
BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY 5
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
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The aim of this study was to substitute hazardous compounds, used in tissue processing and dewaxing, with compounds having lowest possible toxicity and inflammability without impairing the morphology, staining characteristics, or diagnostic value of the tissue sections. All aromatic compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. alkanes, isoparaffins, petroleum distillates, etc.) were rejected, primarily due to their high vapour pressure. Based on a theoretical study of compounds used for clearing, a number of non-hazardous potential substitutes were chosen. The following experimental study narrowed the group to three unbranched, saturated, aliphatic monoesters containing 12–14 carbon atoms. On large-scale testing of these compounds, we found butyldecanoate to be the closest to an ideal substitute for aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the histology department: the section quality is at least equal to that obtained with xylene. For dewaxing, it is used at 30–35°C. Butyldecanoate is not suitable as a pre-mounting agent. In practice, this is no problem as modern mounting agents permit mounting of coverslips directly from ethanol without impairing the appearance of the section in the microscope. Butyldecanoate has only a slight odour, insignificant vapour pressure (<0.01 kPa at 20°C), and does not present a fire hazard (flash point 134°C). The introduction of this compound in the laboratory poses no health hazard, and the substance is biodegradable.
Article
Abstract In the 8th and following issues of News from the Biological Stain Commission (BSC), under the heading of Regulatory affairs, the BSC's International Affairs Committee will present information from a meeting held in Ghent, Belgium on 15-18 June 2009 concerning the progress achieved by the International Standards Organization Committee ISO/TC 212 Clinical Laboratory Testing and in Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems since the last meeting held in Vancouver, Canada in 2008. A note on the meaning and significance of E numbers found on the labels of foodstuffs and beverages sold for human consumption concludes this edition of News from the Biological Stain Commission.
Article
In this fifth issue of News from the Biological Stain Commission (BSC), under the heading of Regulatory Affairs, the BSC's International Affairs Committee provides more information from the meeting of the International Standards Organization ISO/TC 212 Committee that took place on June 2-4, 2008 at Vancouver, Canada. In addition, we give an update on the current situation regarding the supplies of hematoxylin.
Article
In the three earlier editions of News from the Biological Stain Commission (BSC), under the heading of "Regulatory affairs," the BSC's International Affairs Committee reported on the work of Technical Committee 212, Clinical Laboratory Testing and in Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems of the International Standards Organization (ISO/TC 212) and its working groups, WG 1, WG 2 and WG 3. In this issue of News from the BSC, H.O. Lyon provides information from the annual meeting of ISO/TC 212 that took place June 2-4, 2008 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In addition, under the heading of "Certification," J.A. Kiernan examines the certification procedure for thionine used by the BSC laboratory in Rochester, NY.
Article
In the three earlier editions of News from the Biological Stain Commission (BSC), under the heading of “Regulatory affairs,” the BSC's International Affairs Committee reported on the work of Technical Committee 212, Clinical Laboratory Testing and in Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems of the International Standards Organization (ISO/TC 212) and its working groups, WG 1, WG 2 and WG 3. In this issue of News from the BSC, H.O. Lyon provides information from the annual meeting of ISO/TC 212 that took place June 2–4, 2008 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In addition, under the heading of “Certification,” J.A. Kiernan examines the certification procedure for thionine used by the BSC laboratory in Rochester, NY.
Article
For simultaneous cytophotometric measurement of DNA and RNA, the standardized Methyl Green-Pyronin Y technique is an obvious choice. It is, however, first necessary to correlate the uptake of Pyronin Y to the staining intensity of RNA. The material consisted of paraffin sections of formalin- or Carnoy-fixed rat liver. The sections were pretreated with water, buffer, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, or both enzymes in sequence, and stained with the standardized Methyl Green-Pyronin Y procedure, Gallocyanin chromalum, or the Feulgen analtion. Sections stained directly without pretreatment served as controls. Staining intensities were measured with an image analyser for cell nuclei, nucleoli and cytoplasm. After deoxyribonuclease treatment, nuclear staining intensity with Methyl Green, Gallocyanin chromalum, and Schiff's reagent dropped nearly to zero. The same was seen for both nucleoli and cytoplasm with Pyronin Y and Gallocyanin chromalum after ribonuclease treatment. Staining intensity of Pyronin Y correlated directly with that of Gallocyanin chromalum for nucleoli and cytoplasm. After ribonuclease treatment, a direct correlation was found between the nuclear staining intensity of Methyl Green and nuclear absorption of Gallocyanin chromalum. We conclude that the standardized Methyl Green-Pyronin Y stain is reliable for the simultaneous quantitative assessment of both RNA and DNA. The simplicity of this technique makes it a valuable tool even for daily routine.
Article
In the present study, the staining characteristics of the Gallocyanin chromalum technique devised by Husain and Watts are compared with the Feulgen reaction. Liver imprints, blood smears, and cervical smears were fixed in ethanol and stained with either the Husain and Watts Gallocyanin chromalum reagent or the Feulgen-Schiff reagent. The slides were then post-treated with 70% ethanol-HCl pH 1.0, or with phosphotungstic acid for 0.5-30 min. The integrated optical density of cell nuclei was measured with a VIDAS image analyzer. In the material stained with the Husain and Watts procedure, some Gallocyanin chromalum was removed from the nuclei in the early phase (5 min) of all the post-treatment steps, followed by a plateau phase where the integrated optical density remained constant for 30 min. In this phase, the nuclear absorbance was highly reproducible and of the same size regardless of the post-treatment. Both the Husain and Watts procedure and the Feulgen-reaction gave quantitative staining of DNA. The Gallocyanin chromalum stain after Husain and Watts is a quick staining procedure for quantitative evaluation of DNA in cytological material. Proper rinsing of the slides is necessary for a good reproducibility of results.