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Adding evidence to the debate: Quantifying Airbnb's disruptive impact on ten key hotel markets
Abstract
Airbnb's entry into the lodging landscape has dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for accommodating prospective visitors at a destination. In a competitive market, an increase in supply while keeping demand relatively constant would decrease prices and revenues. While Airbnb is expected to negatively impact the hotel industry, the effects of Airbnb on the performance of the hotel industry have not been extensively quantified. Also, existing studies on Airbnb's economic impacts are limited in their inferential, temporal, and/or geographical scope. In view of this gap in the literature, the present study examines the effects of Airbnb supply on key hotel performance metrics: room revenues (RevPAR), average daily rates (ADR), and occupancy rates (OCC) in ten major U.S. hotel markets for the period between July 2008 and June 2017. The results demonstrate that an increasing Airbnb supply negatively impacts all three performance metrics within the hotel industry. Moreover, while previous research has demonstrated a negative impact on lower-end hotels, our findings provide evidence of Airbnb's growing impact on the mainstream market across hotel class segments, signaling a high level of consistency with the tenets of the theory of disruptive innovation. The magnitude of these effects is not only statistically but also economically significant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... The hospitality industry has long argued that Airbnb is not its direct competitor as both its business model and its target audience differ. However, together with the rise of Airbnb came a shift in opinion, with hoteliers questioning Airbnb's practices as a large portion of its revenue comes from "illegal hotels" (Dogru et al., 2019). ...
... In addition, the fact that Airbnb's growing supply is affecting the performance of certain hotel categories shows that the threat of substitution is felt throughout the industry (Guttentag et al., 2018;Hajibaba, Dolnicar, 2017;Dogru et al., 2019). Research has shown that Airbnb will reduce hotel prices and revenue, since additional and excess supply will adversely affect the hotel business value proposition and market distribution (Oskam, Boswijk, 2016). ...
... In contrast, other studies have shown that the increase of capacity available in Airbnb is reversely correlated to the key metrics of the hospitality industry. Dogru et al. (2019) argue that the hotel occupancy rate and room revenue drop are correlated with the rise of Airbnb, which has a smaller but still significant impact on medium-sized hotels (Dogru et al., 2019). ...
The monograph presents the results of research conducted in Poland and Greece. The originality of the monograph is also evidenced by its interdisciplinarity – it combines issues related to the enterprise sector and financial institutions, indicating opportunities for and threats to their development. The book consists of three main parts divided into thirteen chapters. The first part of the book is titled The macroeconomic factors of businesses development and analyses the conditions for implementing a capital market union in the light of the realities of the external environment and the European Union itself, the importance of gold as a safe haven asset in the international monetary system and in last part of this chapter was compare two taxes which affect corporations, especially financial institutions. The second part of the book is titled The development of financial institutions and examines the relationship between economic growth and internet infrastructure in selected countries, the impact of an extreme dividend policy on prospects of Greek bank development, changes in the NPL (Non-Performing Loans) ratio of non-financial corporations and its main determinants in the Polish banking sector, the relationship between shares in the insurance market and the financial results of insurance companies, and the issues of appropriate selection and use of information in the decision-making process of insurance companies. The third part of the book is titled The development of enterprises and presents the impact of business activities (sector) on the enterprise competing, the measures of the orchestrator’s ability to create value added meeting the requirements of an aggregated long-term assessment of GBN (Global Business Networks) competitiveness, benefits from the use of integrated IT systems in enterprises, the key factors of start-up success and failure in Poland, and the new forms of accommodation chosen by travellers in recent years, with the main point of reference being the case of Airbnb. This monograph may be of considerable interest to scholars and business practitioners concerned with the problems of development of financial institutions and enterprises.
... In prior research, empirical evidence has been reported about the negative impacts of environmental dynamism on business operations and the performance of firms in various sectors. For example, Dogru et al. (2019) analyzed the role of environmental dynamism on the performance of firms in the hotel industry in ten major US cities, and their findings revealed that a surge of dynamism negatively affected the business performance of these firms. Similarly, Wang (2018) explored the effect of environmental dynamism on the operational performance of firms in the logistics industry, and his findings confirmed the negative effect of dynamism on the operational performance of these firms. ...
... In particular, we found that social media agility positively correlated with business performance to a higher extent when firms operated under low environmental dynamism than when they operated under high environmental dynamism. This result supports prior literature that regards environmental dynamism as an unfavorable business environment that creates obstacles for successful strategic planning and execution (Dogru et al., 2019;Wang, 2018;Slagmulder and Devoldere, 2018). The finding is in accordance particularly with the results from the study by Reed (2021) demonstrating that a high level of environmental turbulence significantly reduced the positive effect of strategic agility on firm performance. ...
Purpose
Despite the increasing numbers of research studies about social media business, the concept of social media agility is still an emerging topic that has been understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media agility on business performance by using a sample of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Moreover, this study explored whether the effect of social media agility on business performance could be moderated by the characteristic of firm in terms of size, as well as the characteristic of market environment in terms of environmental dynamism.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample of 337 firms was obtained from the business directory using the simple random sampling method, and the model assessment was performed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Findings
The data analysis indicated that social media agility positively affected the business performance of SMEs. Moreover, the moderating effect analysis showed that smaller firms tended to gain higher business performance from social media agility than larger firms. In addition, social media agility positively affected business performance to a greater extent when firms operated under low environmental dynamism than when they operated under high environmental dynamism.
Practical implications
Because SMEs are the key driving of economic development and economic growth, the recommendations from this study could be helpful for the government sector responsible for the competency development of SMEs to offer a development program that might enable entrepreneurial firms to develop social media marketing competencies and enhance their potential to be successful in the digital transformation.
Originality/value
The authors found new evidence showing that the degree to which social media agility affected business performance depended significantly on the firm characteristics in terms of firm size, as well as the environmental factor in terms of environmental dynamism. These findings provide valuable contributions to the existing literature that still lacks evidence about the moderating conditions that could increase or reduce the benefits that firms obtain from social media agility.
... In the last decade, the focus of scholars and literature has shifted towards regulation, investment and the access economy. This shift in focus has been facilitated by the works of major scholars such as Dogru et al. (2019), Famsworth (2018), Jefferson-Jones (2014), and Koh and King (2017). Belk (2007) and Botsman and Rogers (2010) are considered pathfinders in shaping research on tourist accommodation and have developed two perspectives: access over ownership (Belk 2007) and collaborative consumption in tourist accommodation literature (Botsman and Rogers 2011). ...
... The popularity of short-term rental accommodations, such as Airbnb, has led to a significant increase in tourists visiting various destinations, including cities and rural areas. This, in turn, has had a positive impact on the local economy through increased guest spending in the form of purchases at local shops, restaurants and other businesses (Dogru et al. 2019). Studies have shown that guests staying in short-term rentals tend to spend more in the local area compared to those staying in traditional hotels (Monahan 2021). ...
The discourse on microentrepreneurs and their involvement in the short stay market (SSM) was non-existent until 2008. While several concepts and constructs have been developed and empirically tested since 2009, many of them relate to economics, leaving the social, cultural, and environmental factors underdeveloped. Thus, this study aimed to fill the gap and identify and assess the social impact of the short-stay market (SSM) in a regional area. The study included 16 face-to-face interview sessions conducted with 18 participants, and the Leximancer software was employed to analyse the data. The study revealed that the social impact on SSM is not generic, rather pluralistic, multidimensional, and dynamic. The study also found that the limitation clause instituted by the council is a direct disconnect between the council and property owners/managers. Furthermore, despite ample opportunities provided by the short-stay market (SSM) in regional areas, encumbrances cannot be overlooked. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach to understand the social impact on policy frameworks in regional areas.
... Because a change in hotel room supply and Airbnb properties supply is likely to have an effect on the occupancy rates (Dogru et al., 2020), the effect of hotel room supply and Airbnb properties supply was also controlled for. Furthermore, the coincident index, a variable developed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to measure the monthly gross domestic product (GDP) for each state, was included in the empirical models to account for the effects of general macroeconomic dynamics on hotel and Airbnb property The coincident index is a commonly used proxy for income when analysis consists of monthly level data frequency (see e.g., Dogru et al., 2019;Lee & Jang, 2012). To further account for overall macroeconomic conditions, unemployment rate was included in the empirical models. ...
... Regardless, policymakers should consider regulating Airbnb properties in the same manner as the commercial accommodation counterparts to level the playing field. Otherwise, loose regulations and policies on privately operated properties might drive away major hotel investments to states or destinations that treat hotels and sharing economy properties similarly, where both are allowed to operate with little or no restrictions during a pandemic (Dogru et al., 2019). Also, state and federal governments could initiate tax-incentives to encourage travelers to book hotels and/or Airbnb properties during pandemic to accelerate the recovery (Ozdemir et al., 2021;Salem et al., 2021). ...
The adverse impact of the recent pandemic on the lodging industry has largely been based on anecdotal evidence. The extent to which different parts of this broad industry were individually affected by the COVID-19 pandemic also remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the various sectors of the lodging industry to identify patterns that may not be consistent with the idea that the entire hospitality industry was negatively affected by the pandemic. The results show that while the COVID-19 pandemic did have a generally negative effect on lodging demand, hotel room and peer-to-peer accommodation property bookings were not affected equally. Importantly, it appears that these variations were attributable, at least in part, to state-level variations in policy that made travel and hospitality services relatively more (or less) difficult for consumers to obtain. Theoretical and managerial implications are extensively discussed.
... The exponential rise of accommodation businesses in the sharing economy has been well documented. While brands such as Airbnb initially attracted niche travelers, over the years, they have increasingly penetrated all levels of the accommodation sector, from economy to luxury accommodation (Dogru et al., 2019). Pre-COVID estimates suggest that sharing economy platforms comprise 10% of total lodging bookings in the U.S. and 3.4% globally. ...
... The accommodation sector of the sharing economy has gained mainstream customer acceptance, with Airbnb as its posterchild (Dann et al., 2019). From its humble beginnings in 2008, the company has experienced greater than 100% growth in supply year-over-year for over a decade (Dogru et al., 2019), to offer 5.6 million active listings as of June 2021, serving over 100k cities in 220+ countries and regions around the world ("About Us", n.d.). In addition to competing with hotels across all segments of accommodation, Airbnb offers its customers the opportunity to experience unique accommodations such as cabins, farmhouses, boats, yurts, and treehouses, among others; accommodation that is typically outside the purview of the traditional hotel industry. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of key decision-making attributes on consumers’ choice of accommodation among and between hotels and Airbnb.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a choice-based conjoint approach using 21 key decision-making factors that impact consumers’ choice of accommodation across five segments ranging from economy to luxury. Latent class estimation was used to identify segments of respondents who tend to have similar preferences for accommodation.
Findings
The results showed the presence of a consistent pattern of decision-making across the five accommodation segments, culminating in a hierarchy of importance in accommodation choice. The 21 key decision-making attributes comprised three tiers in order of decreasing importance: quality and service, amenities, and accessibility and safety. Further, latent class analysis indicated the presence of a hotel group and an Airbnb group of customers, which allowed us to identify how both types of providers might maximize the value of their offers to encourage customer switch.
Research limitations/implications
The accommodation landscape is extremely dynamic (particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds) and complex. The present study cannot capture all of its intricacies but provides an invaluable foundation for future research on the topic of consumer choice in an evolving and competitive accommodation market.
Originality/value
Extant research on accommodation choice has focused on hotels or Airbnb only. Moreover, research that has considered both types of accommodation simultaneously is limited in its conceptual and methodological scope. The present study synthesizes the fragmented literature on consumers’ accommodation choices and offers a holistic and coherent schematic – the hierarchy of importance in accommodation choice – that can be used by future researchers and practitioners alike.
... On the positive side, some studies show that the increase in Airbnb supply (i) positively affects employment in all sectors of the hospitality, tourism and leisure industries (Fang et al., 2016;Dogru et al., 2020), (ii) increases neighbourhood investment in residential renovation and retail projects (Xu and Xu, 2021), and (iii) has expanded tourism demand through more meaningful travel experiences and lowered accommodation costs (Jiménez et al., 2021;Tussyadiah and Pesonen, 2016). On the negative side, the increase in the supply of short-term vacation rentals produces negative externalities in terms of increasing residential house prices and rents (Horn and Merante, 2017;García-López et al., 2020;Franco and Santos, 2021) and lowering the revenues of long-established incumbents (Zervas et al., 2017;Dogru et al., 2019). Some claim that P2P lodgings are far from the collaborative economy and are dominated by professional hosts, who gain non-negligible revenues (Gil and Sequera, 2020). ...
... The emergence and popularity of Airbnb have threatened the market position of incumbents, especially hotels (Zervas et al., 2017;Dogru et al., 2019). Because of this, the hotel sector started to argue that peer-hosted space represented unfair competition: they were not bound by standard accommodation regulations and did not pay tourism-specific taxes, which enabled them to be more competitive and set lower prices. ...
Short-term residential vacation rentals (RVRs) have increased their popularity in recent years. Local governments have introduced different regulatory changes to control their supply growth. This paper evaluates a policy intervention in a Northern Spanish destination that has reduced the bureaucratic procedures to officially open a RVR since 2016. We compare the evolution of accommodation growth of RVRs with that of tourist apartments exploiting a panel data set of 78 municipalities between 2013 and 2019. Using difference-indifferences , we provide evidence that the easing of the administrative procedures increased the number of establishments and bed places in RVRs by 5 and 26 units, on average, per municipality.
... There is burgeoning literature studying the influence of accommodation-sharing platforms on hotels. On the one hand, some studies support that the rapid growth of accommodationsharing platforms negatively influences the performance of hotels [25,26]. Blal et al. [27] identified the substitution effect between Airbnb and traditional hotels, and thus Airbnb has a disruptive impact on the growth of hotel revenue. ...
... Zervas et al. [25] observed that low-end and non-business hotels are most affected by Airbnb in Texas, whereas Guttentag and Smith [7] found that many consumers principally use Airbnb's service as a substitute for mid-scale hotels. Dogru et al. [26] showed that luxury hotels are hit by increases in Airbnb supply to the same extent as economy hotels. ...
Compared with the conventional hotel providing a standardized service, individual supply on an accommodation-sharing platform makes consumers uncertain about service quality, which is mainly caused by information asymmetry between the consumers and individual hosts. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to study the accommodation-sharing platform’s optimal quality information disclosure and its determining factors with consideration of consumer uncertainty. We find that it is optimal to provide either opaque, i.e., completely uninformative, or transparent, i.e., fully informative, quality information. We also examine the impacts of the incumbent hotel and market heterogeneity on the platform’s quality disclosure. The results show that market heterogeneity and the hotel’s service cost jointly affect the platform’s information disclosure strategy. In general, the sharing platform provides opaque information when market heterogeneity is relatively low but provides transparent information when market heterogeneity is relatively high. However, when market heterogeneity is medium, the hotel’s service cost plays a key role in affecting its pricing strategy, hence the information disclosure strategy of the platform. Specifically, a sufficiently high price of the hotel prompts the platform to disclose transparent information. These findings provide guidance for sharing platforms to design their information disclosure systems.
... Sharing economy became a research focus in 2014, and the publications on this theme have grown exponentially since then (Hossain, 2020). Sharing economy research studied the determinants of Airbnb room price, the impact of Airbnb listings on hotel performance (Dogru et al., 2019) and Airbnb pricing strategy (Gibbs et al., 2018;Kwok and Xie, 2019). Besides, scholars studied consumer behaviors such as customer price fairness perception (Chark, 2019) and willingness to pay a price premium (Zhang et al., 2018) under the sharing economy context. ...
... Besides, scholars studied consumer behaviors such as customer price fairness perception (Chark, 2019) and willingness to pay a price premium (Zhang et al., 2018) under the sharing economy context. Sharing economy accommodation, represented by Airbnb, is considered a disruptive innovation that negatively impacts hotel operating performance across class segments (Dogru et al., 2019). Although Airbnb listings apply dynamic pricing strategies just like hotels, their room rates vary less and show fewer associations with occupancy rates than hotels (Gibbs et al., 2018). ...
Purpose
This study systematically reviewed pricing research published in leading marketing and hospitality and tourism (H&T) journals between 2010 and 2019. It attempts to concretize the understanding of the evolving patterns of pricing research in both fields and suggests an agenda for future research in H&T.
Design/methodology/approach
This study performed keyword co-occurrence analyses and co-citation analyses on the bibliographic data of 575 articles from marketing and H&T journals. Content analysis was applied to investigate the emerged topics in H&T.
Findings
The marketing discipline showed a persistent focus on research themes including price promotion, reference price, price fairness and pricing strategy. The H&T domain experienced a significant content enrichment of preexistent research topics. H&T scholars showed a growing interest in studying pricing for sharing economy accommodations and the interplay between pricing and electronic word-of-mouth. While marketing research applied theories from multiple disciplines as the theoretical foundations, H&T studies adopted the hedonic pricing model as an overarching theory.
Practical implications
Future pricing research in H&T may incorporate theories from other disciplines such as psychology, sociology and anthropology to broaden the scope of the study. Besides, innovative study designs and complex data analysis techniques should be encouraged. Topicwise, H&T scholars can dive deeper into price promotion and distribution channel price management.
Originality/value
This is the first study consolidating the pricing literature in H&T and marketing. It also suggests the potential research directions for researchers.
... It has been observed, starting from the pioneering contribution of Hu et al. [15], that the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the reservation volumes of the platform was immediate, with both the local and global demand being instantly impacted as a result of the declaration of the first Wuhan lockdown and the subsequent spread of the Covid-19 pandemic throughout the world. Dolnicar & Zare [2] referred to this situation as "Disrupting the disruptor", with Airbnb, the disruptor of the accommodation services [21,11], being severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. ...
We investigate the way service providers who operate on an online peer-to-peer (P2P) platform readapted their marketing choices to face the Covid-19 pandemic. Through an empirical investigation on a large dataset of Airbnb properties in Rome, observed from January 2018 to December 2020, we provide a threefold contribution by investigating how Airbnb hosts reacted to the Covid-19 pandemic shock, in terms of marketing choices, such as price adjustments and flexible cancellation policies; the direct effects of these choices on their economic returns; and how service providers on Airbnb reacted to address the new needs of their customers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings provide useful insights for researchers and practitioners and show that the adoption of combined marketing choices led to more than proportional effects on performances as it allowed Airbnb hosts to exploit profitable market segmentation mechanisms.
... Hotel properties typically operate under one of three business models: franchising, chainmanaged or independent, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages to the property owner, including how the business model responds to external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the peer-to-peer (P2P) business model of the sharing economy, popularized by Airbnb, further intensifies competition for customers during a lean period such as COVID, thus impacting the performance dynamics of the industry overall (Dogru et al., 2019). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on key performance metrics of accommodation properties by elaborating on the roles of business models (i.e. franchised, chain-managed and independent hotels, and the sharing economy) and state-level restrictions in the US.
Design/methodology/approach
The pandemic is considered a variable interference against the average daily rate, occupancy and revenue per available room, which permits the examination of the before and after effects of the pandemic. The panel data model is used to examine the effect of the recent pandemic on the accommodation sector in the USA.
Findings
The results showed that chain-managed hotels were the most adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, while independent hotels were the least adversely impacted. Interestingly, and consistent with emerging consumer needs suggested by spatial distance theory, the pandemic does not have significant negative effects on Airbnb. The adverse impact of the pandemic on hotels was exacerbated in more restrictive states, while Airbnb remained immune to regulatory differences.
Research implications
This study addresses the dearth of research on the types, roles and efficacy of business models in the accommodation industry and makes important theoretical contributions to the study of business model resilience in the accommodation industry, leveraging the resource-based theory of the firm and spatial distance theory.
Originality
The findings of this study make a significant contribution to the extant literature on the resilience of business models in the accommodation industry and have important implications for hotels, Airbnb owners, accommodation brands and destination and health policymakers. They demonstrate that a lower level of corporate control and greater flexibility in brand and operational standards allow for a more effective response to business disruptions such as a global pandemic.
... Airbnb has emerged as a significant competitor to online travel agencies (OTAs), causing disruptions in the hospitality industry (Dogru, Mody, & Suess, 2019). It allows individuals to trade their underutilised properties, such as shared rooms, private rooms, or entire apartments, at competitive prices, emphasising the human connection as the primary shared asset (Dolnicar, 2018(Dolnicar, , 2020Zach, Nicolau & Sharma, 2020;Quoquab & Mohammad, 2022). ...
With a methodological approach, this article explores the application of data mining to the user-generated content of tourist accommodation on infomediation platforms and social networks. Its objective is to present an algorithm that allows the identification of service characteristics relevant to guest satisfaction and trust. Our study processes unstructured, natural-language data about Airbnb and hotel stays (the final dataset was 12,236 Airbnb sentences and 12,200 hotel sentences from 2018 until September 25 2021). Among the results is a computational algorithm that uses BERTopic to identify latent themes (or topics) in the narratives. Secondly, our analysis applies a Zero-shot classification approach for classifying guest reviews into labels related to guests' satisfaction and trust. Thirdly, we execute a Principal Component Analysis to investigate the sufficiency relationships between extracted topics, customer satisfaction, and trust-based labels. To sum up, and as practical implications, our study adds to the knowledge about the sharing economy by providing insights for developing marketing policies and a better understanding of hospitality services.
... Specifically, it presents actionable recommendations for timeshare companies competing with this disruptive lodging product in an intensely competitive industry. Dogru et al. [18] contend that the exponential growth of P2P accommodations, specifically Airbnb, across all lodging segments is a significant threat to the entire lodging industry. The study of Airbnb's impact on hotel sales revealed that "differentiation is key for success in today's competitive lodging landscape" [19] (p. ...
This study aims to investigate the differential effects of determinants of satisfaction on subsequent electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) behavior in the sharing economy with peer-to-peer accommodations and timeshares. Data were collected from consumers who stayed at either a timeshare or peer-to-peer accommodation within the previous year (N = 785). Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between the determinants and eWOM through satisfaction, followed by multiple-group comparison to examine the moderating effect of accommodation type. The results indicated that amenities, economic benefits, and trust demonstrated an indirect effect on eWOM behavior through satisfaction, but community belonging affected eWOM behavior directly. Multiple-group SEM revealed that accommodation type moderated the indirect effects of community belonging, economic benefits, and trust on eWOM behavior, such that the indirect effect was significant only for timeshare accommodations. This study contributes to the sharing economy literature by filling the gap of lodging research beyond Airbnb and including timeshares. The findings highlight competitive differences that influence eWOM between peer-to-peer accommodations and timeshares that otherwise offer similar home-like accommodations. The study revealed a newly found direct relationship between community belonging and eWOM.
... The hotel industry claims that Airbnb has damaged their business. The study conducted by Dogru, Mody and Suess (2019) shows that hotel room revenue is negatively impacted by Airbnb. ...
Airbnb not only has transformed the hospitality industry but also has created wider economic change in adjacent industries and in society in general. Because of this, many stakeholders are now trying to proactively shape the evolution of such platforms, as reflected by numerous actions by policymakers, industry representatives, media outlets and the public across the world. This chapter
reports on a city-based case study (London and Barcelona) and examines the experiences and views of relevant stakeholders in the Airbnb sphere: hosts, guests, Airbnb public policy managers, rental apartment companies, council representatives and other local authorities. The barriers and opportunities for ethical practice were also identified and reported according to the views of these stakeholders. By using in-depth interviews and focus groups, this chapter gathers perspectives from a wide range of stakeholders on the perceived impact of Airbnb in two European cities that are major tourist destinations.
... The hotel industry claims that Airbnb has damaged their business. The study conducted by Dogru, Mody and Suess (2019) shows that hotel room revenue is negatively impacted by Airbnb. ...
“Sharing economy” and “collaborative economy” refer to a proliferation of initiatives, business models, digital platforms and forms of work that characterise contemporary life: from community-led initiatives and activist campaigns, to the impact of global sharing platforms in contexts such as network hospitality, transportation, etc. Sharing the common lens of ethnographic methods, this book presents in-depth examinations of collaborative economy phenomena. The book combines qualitative research and ethnographic methodology with a range of different collaborative economy case studies and topics across Europe. It uniquely offers a truly interdisciplinary approach. It emerges from a unique, long-term, multinational, cross-European collaboration between researchers from various disciplines (e.g., sociology, anthropology, geography, business studies, law, computing, information systems), career stages, and epistemological backgrounds, brought together by a shared research interest in the collaborative economy. This book is a further contribution to the in-depth qualitative understanding of the complexities of the collaborative economy phenomenon. These rich accounts contribute to the painting of a complex landscape that spans several countries and regions, and diverse political, cultural, and organisational backdrops. This book also offers important reflections on the role of ethnographic researchers, and on their stance and outlook, that are of paramount interest across the disciplines involved in collaborative economy research.
... Az egyik leggyakrabban elemzett folyamat a szálláskínálat átalakulása, a szállodák foglaltságára, bevételeire és árszínvonalára gyakorolt hatása (Dogru et al. 2019). 2010-ben Magyarország a világ turistaforgalmából megközelítőleg 1%-kal, Európáéból 2%-kal részesedett. ...
Tanulmányunk során a turisztikai szolgáltatók rezilienciája alapelveinek és korábbi kutatásainak szakirodalmi áttekintését követően a hazai vonzerők üzemeltetői előtt álló, a koronavírus-járvány által generált kihívásokat és az ezekre adott válaszokat tekintjük át.
Empirikus vizsgálatunk keretében interjúkat készítünk a turisztikai szolgáltatók rezilienciaszintjének mérése, valamint készenléti állapotának és válságkezelési gyakorlatának megismerése céljából, különös tekintettel a koronavírus-járvány hatásainak kezelésére. A természeti attrakciók és az ember alkotta vonzerők üzemeltetőit is górcső alá vesszük egy hazai turisztikai szolgáltatókból álló minta
segítségével. Tanulmányunk végén javaslatokat fogalmazunk meg a turisztikai attrakciók üzemeltetői részére a reziliencia növelésére és a válságból való minél korábbi és minél hatékonyabb kilábalásra.
... Az egyik leggyakrabban elemzett folyamat a szálláskínálat átalakulása, a szállodák foglaltságára, bevételeire és árszínvonalára gyakorolt hatása (Dogru et al. 2019). 2010-ben Magyarország a világ turistaforgalmából megközelítőleg 1%-kal, Európáéból 2%-kal részesedett. ...
A tanulmány fókuszában a TDMSZ-ek válság előtti online kommunikációja áll, kitérve a hivatalos, TDMSZ-ek által működtetett turisztikai weboldalakra és a legnépszerűbb közösségi média felületekre; valamint a koronavírus-járvány idején történő online megjelenéseikre. A kutatás célja, hogy feltárja a koronavírus-járvány megjelenését megelőző, s a járvány, mint krízis alatti kommunikáció változását; illetve rámutasson a járvány első és második (esetleg harmadik) hullámában tapasztalt esetleges különbségekre.
... Also, choosing LASSO regression comes with the caveat that Indices not selected by the model (with zero coefficients) can yet be predictors, especially when there is a high correlation between selected and unselected variables.Table 8shows that the accuracy of the penalized models was better than the OLS model in the prediction performance of the new data, and the results are consistent with the studies in this field. By studying and estimating the determinants of tourism development using Elastic Net,Dogru et al. (2019) concluded that tourism spending has significant effects on some accommodation facilities such as expensive houses, personal experiences from past visits, and performing specific activities, accommodation and seasonality. They suggested that choosing rational indices can help managers to take preventive and protective measures. ...
During the last two decades, the ecological footprint (EF) has had various fluctuations and has been associated with an upward trend, which can be a concern. This research aims to statistically examine tourism development indices and their effect on the EF during the last two decades in eight top tourism countries (France, United States, China, Italy, Turkey, Mexico, Thailand, and Germany). For this purpose, indices (extracted from the World Bank and Global Footprint Network databases) were used. Also, repeatability models were used to check the time and place and penalized regression models were used for the fit and accuracy of tourism development indices. The research findings showed that the amount of EF in the countries of China, France, the United States of America, Mexico and Thailand had an upward trend. The predictive accuracy of the penalized regression models of Ridge, LASSO and Elastic Net were reported as 0.910, 0.908, and 0.908, respectively. The difference is that the LASSO model acted more strictly and provided a more economical model by selecting the variable. We believe that a deeper statistical look can effectively apply an efficient strategy in better management of the EF challenge.
... For example, Birinci et al. (2018) and Zhang et al. (2020) compared customers' perceived advantages and disadvantages of hotel and sharing accommodation. Some emerging studies have further regarded sharing accommodation as "disruptive innovation" and modeled its impact on the hotel industry at a macro level, for example, impact of Airbnb on hotel market share (Dogru et al., 2019), revenue per available room (Dogru et al., 2020) and price (Dogru et al., 2021). These investigations, however, emphasized on soothing the negative impact of sharing accommodation on hotel performance, rather than developing explanatory models from a consumer choice perspective. ...
Purpose
With the rapid development of sharing economy, travelers are facing choices between conventional hotels and the peer-to-peer sharing accommodation in urban tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine how travelers form their preferences in such choice situations and whether/how their preference formation mode would change with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
A relative preference model was constructed and estimated for both domestic and outbound tourists, based on two waves of survey data collected before and after the COVID-19. The results of this study were compared to derive the evolution of preference formation patterns.
Findings
A set of 15 key value attributes and personal traits was identified, together with their differential effects with the pandemic. Their divergent effects between domestic and outbound trips were also delineated. Based on these findings, the competitive edges and advantageous market profiles were depicted for both hotel and sharing accommodation sectors.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the knowledge of tourists’ preference between accommodation types and adds empirical evidences to the impact of the pandemic on tourist behavior patterns. Both hotel and sharing accommodation practitioners can benefit from the findings to enhance their competitiveness.
... Innovative disruption is caused by emerging new economic models such as the sharing economy (Dogru et al., 2019). Changes in consumer choices cause market disruption through generational shifts, such as changes in consumption patterns of millennials and generation Y (Veiga et al., 2017). ...
This study aims to identify the impact of tourists and locals' adaptation on national parks and urban destinations 20 months after the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 154 tour guides from 21 national parks and 254 tourists from eight urban destinations in Indonesia. Tourists' and locals' adaptation is found to have a positive impact on economic conditions 20 months after the pandemic. Economic conditions at the pandemic's beginning did not significantly affect the adaptations. For urban destinations, economic conditions during the pandemic significantly affected the adaptations, but the locals' adaptation did not affect economic conditions 20 months after the pandemic. This finding shows that tourist adaptation plays a role in destinations and community adaptation only plays a significant role in national parks. This research has originality by applying social disruption theory to tourism decline. Theoretical implications offered by this research related to applying social disruption theory in the tourism context to see how people adapt to disasters when the tourism industry experiences a catastrophic downfall. This research also provides guidelines for increasing adaptive response to tourists and local communities through education, training, and cultural understanding.
... Although the survival of an economic agent in the market is an important topic, it has been little studied in the hospitality domain, especially in the context of peer-to-peer accommodations. Most researchers focused on the motivations for participating in the peer-topeer accommodation market (Hamari, Sjöklint, & Ukkonen, 2016;Karlsson & Dolnicar, 2016;Lampinen & Cheshire, 2016) and the impact of new entrants on the incumbents' performance (Dogru, Hanks, et al., 2020;Dogru, Mody, & Suess, 2019;Xie & Kwok, 2017). However, as suggested by Mata, Portugal, and Guimarães (1995), what happens to the agents after their participation is at least as important as the entry process itself. ...
This study analyzes the survival status of shared and non-shared listings in the peer-to-peer accommodation market. Using a large data set from Airbnb in Beijing, we identify 8640 shared listings and 50,741 non-shared listings. We then investigate the exit event and the identity transition event for both types of listings by applying a discrete-time hazard model. Our results suggest that, for the exit event, the two types of listings show significant differences in terms of survival determinants, including response time, tourism specialization, market volume, professionalization, and Covid-19. For the identity transition event, we find that internal flow exists in the market, mainly from shared listings to non-shared listings, and this flow is influenced by certain factors (i.e., capacity, facility, rating, reviews, minimum stay, service quality, tourism specialization, market volume, platform professionalization, and Covid-19).
... Gurran, Zhang y Shrestha, 2020; Vinogradov, Leick y Kivedal, 2020) y la estructura del sector turístico (p. ej.Dogru, Mody y Suess, 2019;Dogru, Mody, Suess, McGinley y Line, 2020), o las interacciones sociales generadas tanto con los anfitriones (p. ej. ...
Full-text available at:
https://www.catedrafundacionarecesdcuniovi.es/fotos/si237dhfnc/CFRA-innovacionyestrategias.pdf
... As the demand for accommodation is usually more flexible the higher the hotel category is, the entrance of Airbnb seems to generate more consistent effects in the segment of higher category hotels. On the contrary, Dogru et al. (2019) show that in ten major cities in the United States an increase of Airbnb supply negatively impacts in a similar way across hotel class segments. The role of regulation asymmetries between traditional and innovative accommodation industries has also been investigated: Yeon et al. (2020a) and Yeon et al. (2020b) show that Airbnb regulation policies had a positive effect on the performance of (especially low-category) hotels performance in New York and Washington. ...
Airbnb has been at the forefront of the reshaped hospitality industry for more than a decade. The Covid-19 pandemic, by limiting people’s mobility, radically affected tourism and hospitality sectors with a drastic reduction in the apparently incessant advance of Airbnb spread, in Italy and beyond. As data in 2020 are not yet fully available, this article depicts the spatial distribution of Airbnb in Italy in 2017-19 as a basis situation for future analysis inquiring the effects of the pandemic. The study is conducted by using a dynamic panel model, with GMM-SYS estimation. Results show that, despite sharing economy is proposed as fair and equipotential, Airbnb turns out to be highly selective. The evidence indicates that «access» alone, even if favored by platforms, does not guarantee market power, and performances are much more concentrated than listings. Moreover, the urban appeal of Airbnb is confirmed; traditional hospitality turns out to be a significant predictor of Airbnb presence and performances; the economic condition of unemployment is positively associated with Airbnb presence.
... Do ponto de vista do destino turístico de Fortaleza, a oferta de plataforma Airbnb possibilitou criar uma nova capacidade de acomodação, de forma a atender a demanda turística da cidade, além de atuar como um intermediário na comercialização da oferta da acomodação turística existente. No entanto, as ofertas de acomodação via Airbnb também entram em uma competição com empresas de acomodação estabelecidas, particularmente hotéis econômicos, albergues e pousadas (Dogru et al., 2019). ...
O Airbnb se destaca no setor do turismo como uma das transformações recentes mais significativas no mercado ponto a ponto de aluguel de temporada de curto prazo. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o panorama da oferta e as métricas de desempenho desta plataforma em Fortaleza-CE-Brasil. Para coleta dos indicadores foram utilizados dados do AirDNA de 2018 e 2020, consultados respectivamente em fevereiro/2019 e fevereiro/2021. A análise se deu por meio de tabulação das informações quantitativas, análise de distribuição geográfica e do conteúdo levantado. O aumento da demanda turística em Fortaleza possibilitou o crescimento do uso e oferta do Airbnb, que cresce a cada ano com 75% das ofertas de espaços inteiros e concentrados nas áreas turísticas (e hoteleiras) da cidade, no entanto, há opções de ofertas disponíveis além desse circuito. Analisando o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19, as métricas de desempenho do Airbnb demonstram maior resiliência quando comparada com o setor hoteleiro. Esta pesquisa pode ser utilizada como ferramenta de suporte para o planejamento e gestão dos negócios turísticos em Fortaleza.
... Previous research has focused on the impact of Airbnb on tourism (Fuentes & Navarrete, 2016;Ioannides et al., 2018;Kadi et al., 2019), housing market (Cocola-Gant & Gago, 2019;Garcia-López, 2020;Horn & Merante, 2017;Lee, 2016), local businesses (Blázquez-Salom, 2019), hotel industry (Dogru et al., 2018;Heo et al., 2019;Oskam & Boswijk, 2016), gentrification (Cocola-Gant, 2016, 2021Gravari-Barbas & Guinand, 2017;Lees, 2003), and urban land use regulation (Dalir et al., 2020). In terms of spatial distribution, some researchers have demonstrated that the concentration of Airbnb listings in some specific neighbourhoods creates spatial inequalities and over-crowdedness in big tourist cities, that often have large disparity among the rich and the poor, and over utilised public services (Adamiak et al., 2019;Eugenio-Martin et al., 2019;Quattrone et al., 2016). ...
Over the last decade, Airbnb has emerged as the most important actor in the short-term rental business worldwide. The spatial distribution of Airbnb accommodations in a city is highly sensitive to the location of different spatial, socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural factors, and therefore has the potential to increase existing and create spatial inequalities in host cities. Drawing from the data from the Inside Airbnb website, the 2011 census of population and housing, the municipal registers, and Open Street Maps, this article first measures and analyses the degree of penetration and spatial clustering (with LISA statistics) of Airbnb listings in Barcelona and Lisbon. Then, it explores the spatial, socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural determinants of the spatial clustering of accommodations offered on Airbnb in both cities. Finally, it examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spread of Airbnb in both cities. Results show that Airbnb has penetrated deeply into the central residential areas and around major tourist attractions, and it is deepening spatial inequalities by benefitting mainly the upper income group of homeowners in these neighbourhoods. Lastly, the recent COVID-19 pandemics has curtailed the spread and changed the typology of accommodation offered on Airbnb.
... Although Christensen (1997) was essentially credited for the proposition on disruptive and sustaining innovation, which has influenced management and business research, it is also important to note that several scholars have contributed to the philosophy from a multidimensional angle. For instance, Dogru et al (2019) quantify Airbnb performance compared to hotels in 10 states in the USA. One finding of this study directly demonstrates how Airbnb a disruptive innovation firm has adversely impacted hotel industries in 49 states of the United States of America. ...
The platform/ digital accommodation sector has initiated immense organisational disjuncture worldwide, and one of its drivers in the tourism industry, short-term rental, in relation to Airbnb appears to promote organisational and legislative discord. Accordingly, we utilize text and content analysis to build a corresponding argument that uses empirical data drawn from Twitter between 2017 and 2020. Our findings demonstrate that legislation for micro-entrepreneurs is incongruent. Further, price hikes and non-availability of longer-stay accommodation, unruly behaviour of guests, noise pollution, higher emission of carbon and tax evasion, constitute the dark side of Airbnb's. The impact of Airbnb is shown to be contextual (location-based), where Airbnb laws should reflect this diversification. We suggest that guests require more extensive choices for platform accommodation in terms of cost, quality, comfort and health checks; thus, we propose a smart regulatory framework for the governance of the sector.
... In addition, Hajibaba and Dolnicar (2018) point out that the character of neighbourhoods' changes with large numbers of non-residents and inconsiderate short-term visitors can also negatively affect residents' quality of life. Several studies provide evidence that the proliferation of house rentals under this model negatively impact the housing market in European cities (e.g., Sans and Quaglieri 2016;Gutiérrez et al. 2017;Dogru et al. 2019;Cocola-Gant and Gago 2019). Cocola-Gant and Gago (2019) in their study about the impact of Airbnb in Lisbon, Seville, and Barcelona, identified a 'buy-to-let investment process' that increases prices in the centric neighbourhoods and runs away from the sharing economy ethos. ...
The aim of this chapter is to discuss the evolution of the peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation phenomenon in Europe and to examine the key trends noticeable in the sector, including any external factors that influence P2P accommodation operations, practices and future development. Correspondingly, the chapter also examines the opportunities and challenges that emerge from P2P accommodation’s rapid growth. As such, the chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the evolution of P2P accommodation platforms in Europe. Specifically, the chapter offers insights that may illuminate the understanding of the drivers, inhibitors, and influencers pertinent to the phenomenon’s development and resilience potential in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
... Finally, our study considered the role of policymakers and representatives of host associations within the COVID-19 crisis management. The regulation of the short-term rental industry has become one of the debatable topics in the literature lately (Dogru, Mody and Suess, 2019;Gurran and Phibbs, 2017;Nieuwland and van Melik, 2020), and our experts implied that existing regulatory frameworks in different regions affected their views and practical implementations of the crisis management strategies. The government's role in the crisis was also seen differently by stakeholders; thus, larger platforms confirmed that they followed national governments' recommendations regarding hosting, social distancing and cleaning, whereas service providers expected financial intervention and support. ...
Contingency plans and crisis management strategies have been implemented by the short-term rental industry to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines the strategies adopted by three key groups of stakeholders: short-term rental platforms (e.g. Airbnb, Booking.com), service providers (represented by property management companies and short-term rental associations) and policymakers/tourism experts. The professional service providers, in particular, constitute a significant share of the short-term rental industry, but have not received much scholarly attention. In this respect, our study fills this gap by bringing attention to unexplored segments of the short-term rental industry. By examining and comparing the responses from these key groups, the paper contributes to the ongoing research about the workings of the short-term rental industry and its responses to the COVID-19 crisis.
... A sharing economy proposes new and highly flexible business models to acquire idle resources at very low costs (Widtfeldt Meged and Zillinger, 2018). Many projects in a sharing economy are in line with the characteristics of disruptive innovation and therefore can be regarded as disruptive innovation projects (Dogru et al., 2019). ...
The aim of this Special Issue is to explore how to manage the tension between social mission and economic value in a sharing economy. Six feature articles emphasize the value creation innovation model and the paradox of social innovation legitimacy, and the motivation for participation in social value creation. Based on the unity of opposites between means and ends, we propose an internal transformation mechanism and a process model for economic and social value, so as to investigate the positive effects of a sharing economy on the transformation of the dual values. We review six articles and briefly introduced their contributions to the new value model, legitimacy, and participation willingness in a sharing economy. Finally, we put forward some future research directions, e.g. new social problems that may arise from a sharing economy.
The spatial structure of Bed and Breakfast (B&B) development plays a crucial role in promoting integrated urban–rural development. However, existing B&B research has predominantly focused on single large cities, neglecting to explore the spatial patterns of B&B development and their influencing factors from the perspective of urban–rural differences. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive case study in an all-for-one tourism demonstration area in Hainan Province, China. We adopt geospatial analysis methods and ridge regression models to investigate the characteristics of urban–rural disparities in B&B distribution and to identify the primary factors influencing their spatial arrangement. The research findings reveal valuable insights: (1) B&B establishments in the tourism demonstration area exhibit clustering with notable variations in clustering intensity between urban and rural regions; (2) essential factors affecting the spatial distribution of B&Bs include transportation accessibility, reliance on tourism attractions, B&B development infrastructure, and the availability of living services; (3) tourism resource dependence emerges as the most significant driving force behind B&B agglomerations in the tourism demonstration area; and (4) road network density, hotel service availability, and neighborhood residential density are three additional critical factors affecting B&B distribution, with their influence varying between urban and rural B&Bs. Based on these key findings, we propose development strategies for optimizing B&Bs’ spatial structure in the tourism demonstration area and outline a blueprint for fostering integrated urban–rural development.
Objectives: Virtual tourism has changed the buying behavior patterns
of tourists due to influence of the modern technologies. The tourist purchase
decisions have been taken to the next level, from being complex to simple.
The objective of the study is to understand the impact of Virtual Reality (VR)
on tourist buying behavior of tourism products. Primary data was composed
from 100 respondents who used and experienced virtual reality in
information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchasing
and post purchase evaluation of the tourism products
Methodology: The data thus collected are analyzed using frequency and
multiple regression.
Findings: Based on the results, it has been identified that the impact of
VR (booking tour packaging with the help of Virtual Reality) in selecting the
tourism product (by viewing hotel through VR; VR tour experience; by
exploring cities through VR; viewing historical sites and monuments through
VR; by sightseeing the natural beauty through VR; impact the overall
experience of VR) on tourism industry is abundant.
Implications & Conclusion: The insights of the study have significant
theoretical and practical implications in the field of virtual reality in tourism.
Keywords: Virtual Reality; Tourist Buying Behavior, Booking, Tourism
Products, Tourist Experience
This study examines the impact of regulations on the supply and performance of Airbnb rentals in Geneva by focusing on the role of substitution effects between fully rented accommodations and individual rooms. A difference-in-differences approach is used in combination with logit and count data models with fixed effects for properties. The data consists of monthly Airbnb listings in the 10 largest Swiss cities for the period 2017–2018, with around 220,000 observations on 16,600 properties (60 per cent of which were being let as entire properties). The estimates show that the performance of Airbnb accommodations decreases significantly after the introduction of regulations in terms of bookings, days reserved, occupancy, and revenues. The performance of single rooms let within private properties, meanwhile, benefited from the new regulation in some cases, suggesting that there may be a substitution effect between the two groups. The magnitude of the impact of regulation is considerable, with monthly revenues of fully let Airbnb accommodations decreasing by an average of 15 per cent.
As emerging digital technologies have been used for disruptive innovation and business models, an essential component for hospitality researchers and practitioners is to determine the role of disruptive technologies and innovation in hospitality businesses. This study synthesizes prior research on disruptive innovation and identifies disruptive technologies in the hospitality context. A thematic analysis was performed through a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis approach using 23 publicly traded hospitality companies. Results reveal that disruptive technology and innovation are among the most critical strategic aspects in contemporary hospitality firms. This study provides contributions to hospitality researchers and practitioners to implement disruptive technologies for superior business performance. This study is among the first to introduce and synthesize disruptive technologies and innovation in the hospitality context.
Purpose: From the perspective of two-sided review systems, this study aims to investigate how guests’ prior reputation influences their subsequent satisfaction on Airbnb.
Design/methodology/approach: This study applied a conceptual framework based on social capital theory to explain the effect of guests’ reputation decided by hosts’ prior evaluations on their subsequent satisfaction. We collected 96,204 guest reviews posted for 17,325 properties on Airbnb and used the review polarity to measure guest satisfaction. All historical evaluations generated by hosts for each guest were collected and treated as a proxy of guest reputation. Ordinary least squares regressions were conducted to estimate the effect of guests’ reputation on their subsequent satisfaction.
Findings: Results show that guests whose historical evaluations have higher valences or larger variations tend to be more satisfied in their subsequent bookings. However, the number of reviews that guests received from hosts in the past does not influence their subsequent satisfaction.
Research limitations/implications: This study provides new insights into the hospitality literature by identifying the influencing factors of guest satisfaction on peer-to-peer rental platforms from the perspective of two-sided review systems. Results also present practical implications to property owners and website designers to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of guest satisfaction and the consequences of social interactions between hosts and guests.
Originality: This study is a novel attempt that analyzes the effect of guests’ reputation on their satisfaction with subsequent bookings based on two-sided review systems on peer-to-peer rental platforms. Thus, this study provides a starting point for investigating how two-sided review systems affect use behavior on peer-to-peer rental platforms.
Short-term accommodation rentals offered via online platforms represent a new and rapidly growing economic activity that has attracted significant interest, raising several issues in relation to its economic effects and the need for institutional interventions to regulate its operation. The present report focuses on the case of Greece and provides an economic analysis of recent developments and characteristics of the country’s short-term accommodation sector. As a background, the report investigates the multi-dimensional economic effects of short-stay rentals, based on a review of the insights obtained from the extensive recent literature concerning this activity. Furthermore, the report examines in detail the legislative interventions for the regulation of short-stay rentals in Greece, while also providing an overview of the relevant institutional framework and the new regulatory initiatives pursued at the level of the EU. The report utilizes recent economic data on short-term accommodation rentals in Greece and the EU. The data, which originate from official sources and include new statistics that became available for the first time in the year 2021, are employed in an original analysis focusing on the case of Greece. The analysis examines the size and evolution of short-term rentals in Greece at the national, regional, and metropolitan level, while also capturing key factors related to the supply and demand for these accommodations in the country.
Η βραχυχρόνια μίσθωση ακινήτων μέσω ψηφιακών πλατφορμών αποτέλεσε τα τελευταία χρόνια μία καινούρια και ταχέως αναπτυσσόμενη οικονομική δραστηριότητα, η οποία συγκέντρωσε αρκετό ενδιαφέρον, εγείροντας αρκετά ζητήματα σε σχέση με τις οικονομικές της επιπτώσεις και την ανάγκη θεσμικών παρεμβάσεων για τη ρύθμιση της λειτουργίας της.
Η παρούσα έκθεση περιλαμβάνει μία οικονομική ανάλυση της εξέλιξης και των χαρακτηριστικών της βραχυχρόνιας μίσθωσης ακινήτων στην Ελλάδα. Βασικό υπόβαθρο για την ανάλυση αποτελεί η επισκόπηση της υπάρχουσας σύγχρονης και εκτεταμένης βιβλιογραφίας που αφορά τις πολλαπλές διαστάσεις των οικονομικών επιπτώσεων της βραχυχρόνιας μίσθωσης. Παράλληλα, στην εργασία εξετάζονται αναλυτικά οι νομοθετικές παρεμβάσεις για τη ρύθμιση της δραστηριότητας αυτής στην Ελλάδα, καθώς και το αντίστοιχο θεσμικό πλαίσιο και οι νέες πρωτοβουλίες σε επίπεδο E.E. Η εργασία αξιοποιεί νέα οικονομικά στοιχεία για τη δραστηριότητα της βραχυχρόνιας μίσθωσης στην Ελλάδα και την Ε.Ε., τα οποία προέρχονται από επίσημες πηγές και δημοσιεύτηκαν για πρώτη φορά το έτος 2021. Στην πρωτότυπη ανάλυση που διενεργείται με βάση τα στοιχεία αυτά εξετάζονται το μέγεθος και η πορεία της βραχυχρόνιας μίσθωσης στην Ελλάδα σε εθνικό και περιφερειακό επίπεδο και σε επίπεδο μεγάλων πόλεων και αποτυπώνονται βασικοί παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με την προσφορά και τη ζήτηση για τα καταλύματα αυτά στη χώρα.
Purpose: To bring a strategic solution to a problem that Airbnb causes a disruptive threat and challenge to the hotel industry. And therefore, to draw a strategic recommendation, the study aims to measure the level of disruption across the industry where it is least and the most disruptive and determine the factor that influences the levels of disruptions and cause disruptive innovation to move from the fringe market to upmarket.
Design/Methodology- Online survey questionnaire methods are used. A mixed-methods (Quantitative+ qualitative) sequential explanatory approach is applied in data collection and analysis. And therefore, the questionnaire design contains close-ended questions (collecting quantitative data) followed by open-ended questions (Collecting qualitative data). The questionnaire was disseminated on social media, and 370 samples were collected. Quota sampling is used to draw a sample size of 200 respondents. The questionnaire is coded on Questionpro software that includes screening and branching into four different quotas. Cross tabulation is run for quantitative analysis, and content analysis is done for qualitative data.
Findings: The data analysis and findings fulfil the research aims of measuring the level of disruption across the hotel industry and identifying the factors that influence the level of disruption. It is discussed in detail in chapter five.
Originality/Value: It is by far the first in the area of Airbnb as disruptive innovation research to have carried out a comprehensive comparative study between Airbnb guests and hotel guests from all three categories (Budget, midrange and upper scale) in London, UK. It is also the first research that measures Airbnb performance across the five years of its entry into London, UK.
Keywords: Airbnb, disruptive innovation, p2p business model, hotels
Paper type: DBA research thesis.
This study explores the opinions and perceptions that shape narratives among 4-star hotel managers around Airbnb as a competitor, and presents the arguments on which their differences in perception are based. We used an interpretive and emic approach to obtain data through in-depth interviews with upscale hotel executives in the city of Barcelona in its present state of touristification. The results suggest that the dominant discourse among hoteliers is sceptical as to the extent to which Airbnb is replacing hotels. However, some hoteliers perceive Airbnb as a threat requiring a proactive, unified response by hotels taking into account the urban environment and the neighbourhood where they are located.
Discourse on microentrepreneurs research on short stay accommodation was not in existence before 2008. After 2009, several concepts and constructs were developed and a few till date have been empirically tested, but a majority of those that have been tested relate to economics, leaving the social, cultural, and environmental perspective backward. Thus, this study aims to identify and assess social factors influencing short-stay market economy in a regional area. 16 interview sessions with 18 participants of a face-to-face interview conducted, and the Leximancer software was employed for its analysis. The study shows that the social drivers to SSA are not generic, but pluralistic, multidimensional, and dynamic, and that limiting regulatory clauses to borrowed concepts of limitation or prohibition, the council demonstrates a lack of digital leadership. Despite ample opportunities provided by SSM in regional area, there are few encumbrances that cannot be overlooked.
This study aims to analyze three main variables of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) – impact on bookings volume, main attributes of client satisfaction, and best strategy for responding to unfavorable opinions – in a traditional (TripAdvisor) and a collaborative (Airbnb) accommodation system. This is the first study to address these themes together in the same analysis area (New York City) and for both accommodation models simultaneously.
A mixed analysis methodology was employed, combining quantitative analysis (a linear logarithmic model) with a qualitative analysis of comments (through Nvivo 12), completed by a series of online surveys.
The results confirm that, in the three variables analyzed in the eWOM, there are strong similarities in the two accommodation systems, with basic characteristics common to both systems: the influence of online comments on the number of bookings, the characteristics of the accommodation and the room as the most important attribute in customer satisfaction, and the response of the accommodation, in the face of negative criticism, is what increases the possibility of booking by other customers. From this point onwards, each system has its own peculiarities that make it different. Numerous practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Over the past decade, the global rise of home-sharing platforms, such as Airbnb, has catalysed the process of ‘touristification’ in major tourism cities. Touristification, a term recently used to describe tourism-induced gentrification, leads to a morphological transformation of a community into a tourism commodity. However, less is understood about the effects of this process, when it is triggered by short-term accommodation platforms, in reshaping urban housing markets. Therefore, in this case study, we apply the rent gap theory to the process of touristification and hypothesise that, ceteris paribus, (1) touristification can create a new potential ground rent that brings about a tourism-led rent gap (i.e., net positive externalities), whereas (2) in a low-density neighbourhood the urban conflicts caused by touristification can lead to a negative rent gap (i.e. net negative externalities). This study's instrumental evidence from the revealed preference approach confirms two opposing forces of the Airbnb listing density on house-type versus apartment-type accommodation rents. Further, its empirical findings imply that in framing policies for effective destination management, policymakers should consider the positive as well as the negative externalities associated with touristification.
The sharing economy (SE) has been variously described as a disruptive, discontinuous, and social innovation. Now, more than a decade since the emergence of seminal platforms such as Airbnb, and amid heightened competition and macroenvironmental pressures, service innovation has become a strategic priority. Our editorial essay is guided by three objectives. First, as a prelude to this Special Issue, we examine the current state of SE service innovation literature. Despite some important contributions, especially in relation to business model innovation, other salient types of service innovation remain underexplored. Second, we position the contributions of the 13 papers in this Special Issue on our novel Sharing Economy Innovation Framework, which stipulates both the type of service innovation examined, and the focal dyadic relationships involved. Third, based on remaining gaps in the framework, we outline an agenda for future research on SE innovations.
Purpose
The purpose of this review paper is to identify the themes of hospitality and tourism innovation research published in academic and trade journals between 2010 and 2020, to explore the common and different areas of interest between academia and the industry and to examine the trends of innovation research themes during this period to suggest future research directions.
Design/methodology/approach
The EBSCO Hospitality and Tourism Index was used as the data source. Co-word analysis was conducted via the Leximancer software to identify key areas of interest in hospitality and tourism innovation. Trends in hospitality and tourism innovation over the ten-year period were revealed by a time-dimension analysis.
Findings
This study produced a conceptual map demonstrating focal points and trends in hospitality and tourism innovation. Trade journals were found to be dominated by product innovation driven by technological development, while academic journals covered more topics, such as employee innovation, sustainable innovation, leadership innovation and user generated content (UGC). Academia was shown to follow in the footsteps of industry in publication on several topics. Furthermore, academic interest in certain topics, such as hotel service innovation, UGC and social media, lasted several years.
Practical implications
This study can facilitate knowledge transfer between academia and the industry. It also provides directions for future research based on historical and comparative analysis.
Originality/value
This research extends the scope of existing review studies by including articles published by trade journals. It also adds a time dimension, which helps to unveil the evolution process of hospitality and tourism innovation research and practice.
The sharing economy is at the centre of current debates involving new technologies, sustainability, big data and stakeholder engagement. This edited volume encourages new theoretical and empirical development on sharing economy studies in the service industries field.
The advancements of the sharing economy (SE) have sparked growing interest among scholars. However, the literature on innovation in the SE remains fragmented and without a systematic research agenda for future studies. Aiming to fulfill this gap, this paper follows a systematic literature review encompassing 85 papers. In this study, SE organizations are defined as all commercial or non-commercial product-service systems that capture and redistribute idle resources or assets in crowd-based networks through true sharing, pseudo-sharing, or collaborative consumption, and that use mediation platforms, that are most often electronic and accessible via the internet, to promote an efficient use of resources and value creation. Our findings, based on a framework for mapping types of innovation, suggest that previous studies focus mostly on how the business models of SE organizations impact cities and urban areas and contribute to sustainability. Moreover, process innovation and position innovation are the types of innovation most reported in the SE literature. The results show that the engagement of new social actors in innovation activities is essential in the SE. Some emerging topics for future research in the SE field include the co-creation of product innovation, network-based process innovation, technology-based service position innovation, and evasive innovation.
Purpose:
Collaborative consumption (CC), a unique business model, provides several monetary and non-monetary benefits to customers. Several adapted Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) based models were developed and tested to understand this consumption behaviour with the findings inconsistent and fragmented. Thus, this study aims to develop a general and consistent TPB model using a meta-analytic path analysis to better understand customers’ CC adoption behaviour.
Design/Methodology/Approach:
Using 37 studies, a meta-analysis was performed adopting several analytical methods; bivariate analysis, moderation analysis, and path analysis.
Findings:
Our universal TPB model shows that factors, i.e., trust, attitude, perceived environmental responsibility and communication facilities drive both perceived usefulness and collaborative consumption. However, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and emotional value drive only perceived usefulness. Moderation analysis shows that the relationships between variables used in the proposed TPB model tends to vary depending on five moderators, i.e., countries’ economic development level, type of collaborative consumption, sample size, sample type and survey administration method.
Research Limitations:
The consideration of only quantitative papers and papers written in English language in this meta-analysis may bias the study’s findings.
Originality/Value:
By developing the universal TPB model, our study theoretically contributes to the TPB model and by conducting the moderation test, the study contextually contributes to the TPB literature in the CC context.
Practical implication:
Based on the findings regarding important factors that consumers consider when adopting CC, this study provides insightful recommendations to companies facilitating collaborative consumption.
The chapter explores shared accommodation platforms such as Airbnb and the primary motivations for its customers. This research will be based on the deductive process, which is focused on primary and secondary research. This research aims to analyze the motivation towards either the Airbnb platform or traditional hotel from different perspectives, such as economic, environmental, and social. Additionally, after secondary data research, the questionnaire has been constructed to understand the main concepts of the P2P platform and its customers' needs. The investigation tried to notice what are the motivations which drive individuals to use P2P accommodation service. Through the survey, it was possible to see the motivations mainly related to the economic factor and environmental. Primarily due to the lower price of Airbnb, there is a more significant intent to book through this specific platform.
The sharing economy phenomenon, and the economic, social, and technological changes fueling its growth have challenged the hotel industry to rethink its experiential value proposition to the customer. But, is Airbnb taking a share of the existing hotel industry or is it just increasing the overall accommodations industry?
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.013
Airbnb has grown very rapidly over the past several years, with millions of tourists having used the service. The purpose of this study was to investigate tourists’ motivations for using Airbnb and to segment them accordingly. The study involved an online survey completed in 2015 by more than 800 tourists who had stayed in Airbnb accommodation during the previous 12 months. Aggregate results indicated that respondents were most strongly attracted to Airbnb by its practical attributes, and somewhat less so by its experiential attributes. An exploratory factor analysis identified five motivating factors—Interaction, Home Benefits, Novelty, Sharing Economy Ethos, and Local Authenticity. A subsequent cluster analysis divided the respondents into five segments—Money Savers, Home Seekers, Collaborative Consumers, Pragmatic Novelty Seekers, and Interactive Novelty Seekers. Profiling of the segments revealed numerous distinctive characteristics. Various practical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed.
Purpose
Accommodations providers in the sharing economy are increasingly competing with the hotel industry vis-à-vis the guest experience. Additionally, experience-related research remains underrepresented in the hospitality and tourism literature. The authors develop and test a model of experiential consumption to provide a better understanding of an emerging phenomenon in the hospitality industry. In so doing, the authors also expand Pine and Gilmore’s original experience economy construct.
Design/methodology/approach
Using data from a survey of 630 customers who stayed at a hotel or an Airbnb in the previous three months, the authors performed a multi-step analysis procedure centered on structural equation modeling to validate the model.
Findings
The authors demonstrate that the dimensions of serendipity, localness, communitas, and personalization represent valuable additions to Pine and Gilmore’s original experience economy construct. Airbnb appears to outperform the hotel industry in the provision of all experience dimensions. The authors further define the pathways that underlie the creation of extraordinary, memorable experiences, which subsequently elicit favorable behavioral intentions.
Practical implications
The findings suggest the need for the hotel industry to adopt a content marketing paradigm that leverages various dimensions of the experience economy to provide customers with valuable and relevant experiences. The industry must also pay greater attention to its use of branding, signage, and promotional messaging to encourage customers to interpret their experiences through the lens of these dimensions.
Originality/value
The study expands a seminal construct from the field of services marketing in the context of the accommodations industry. The Accommodations Experiencescape is offered as a tool for strategic experience design. The study also offers a model of experiential consumption that explains customers’ experiences with accommodations providers.
The advent of the “sharing economy” challenges not only the business of hotel industry but also the theories and models based on the conventional hotel industry. A key dimension of the hospitality industry is pricing. The aim of this study is to identify the price determinants of sharing economy based accommodation offers in the digital marketplace. Specifically, a sample of 180,533 accommodation rental offers in 33 cities listed on Airbnb.com is investigated using ordinary least squares and quantile regression analysis. Twenty-five explanatory variables in five categories (host attributes, site and property attributes, amenities and services, rental rules, and online review ratings) are explored for the intricacies of the relationships between pricing and its determinants.
We examine how financial assurance structures and the clearly defined financial transaction at the core of monetized network hospitality reduce uncertainty for Airbnb hosts and guests. We apply the principles of social exchange and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a qualitative study of Airbnb hosts to 1) describe activities that are facilitated by the peer-to-peer exchange platform and 2) how the assurance of the initial financial exchange facilitates additional social exchanges between hosts and guests. The study illustrates that the financial benefits of hosting do not necessarily crowd out intrinsic motivations for hosting but instead strengthen them and even act as a gateway to further social exchange and interpersonal interaction. We describe the assurance structures in networked peer-to-peer exchange, and explain how such assurances can reconcile contention between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. We conclude with implications for design and future research.
OPEN ACCESS: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/toc/jtf/2/1
Purpose
Although networked hospitality businesses as Airbnb are a recent phenomenon, a rapid growth has made them a serious competitor for the hospitality industry with important consequences for tourism and for tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of the phenomenon, its potential further development in the next five years and the impact this developments will have on tourism, on hotels and on city destinations.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature study, combined with scenario workshops and a Delphi panel, were used to map current trends and uncertainties. With this input, future scenarios were elaborated using the Global Business Network (“scenario cross”) method.
Findings
Network platforms as Airbnb are often classified under something called the “Sharing Economy”, a denomination that obscures their true nature. Airbnb is a challenging innovation to which traditional hospitality will have to respond. Its impact has at the same time led to a call for regulatory policies. The definition of these policies and the evolution of tourism are variables that determine future scenarios. Attempts to ban the phenomenon mean a disincentive to innovation and protect oligopolistic markets; more receptive policies may have the desired results if tourism grows moderately but in booming destinations they may lead to a harmful commercialization.
Originality/value
Until now, Airbnb has been described in conceptual studies about the so-called “Sharing economy”, or more recently in empirical studies about isolated effects of holiday rentals. This paper contextualizes the evolution of networked hospitality and seeks to synthesize the sum of its impacts, thus enabling businesses and local governments to define positions and strategies.
This study investigates the impact of Airbnb's listing on the hotel revenue in Korea. We use the panel regression model for this purpose. First, it finds that Airbnb's listing is not related to the hotel revenue. Even though the number of tourists is continuously increasing, most of them use hotels rather than Airbnb in Korea. Because the website of Airbnb has started from 2010 in Korea and has a low awareness, it has a less effect in Korea. The listing of Airbnb is rapidly growing in 2014. Given that the data of 2014 adds to the study, the result can be changed. Second, the estimate of the unemployment rate is strongly significant. If unemployment rate increases, the demand for hotel decreases. Because unemployment rate explains the present economic situation, the increase of the unemployment rate can imply a recession and the decrease of the trip can be followed. Third, the exchange rate has a positive effect on the hotel revenue, especially in Jeju. When the exchange rate is higher, the tourists from the abroad increase, and thus hotel revenue can increase. It implies that the tourists sensitively respond to the exchange rate. Forth, the estimates of the vacation dummy variable are strongly significant in Busan and Jeju. There is a ton of tourists in the holiday (especially summer) season, and thus it is common in the increase in the hotel revenue during this season.
Over the past few years the sharing economy has grown tremendously, disrupting the traditional tourism industry via the mass deployment of exponentially increasing capacity. In this new economy, ownership and access are shared by individuals creating, broadcasting and exchanging their own products and services. Rather than compete against the sharing economy, hotel chains have the opportunity to oversee this communal sharing and leverage the strength of their brands by extending them to peer-to-peer (P2P) rentals. This potential future of P2P rentals offers an attractive option for guests looking for a unique stay free of the current uncertainty of the informal economy in safety, legality and quality. This paper introduces propositions regarding the future state of the P2P rental market, presents a scenario detailing branded marketplaces, discusses the drivers of change, explores branding considerations and offers recommendations for future research.
As a result of the phenomenal growth of the sharing economy in the travel industry, investigating its potential impacts on travelers and tourism destinations is of paramount importance. The goal of this study was to identify how the use of peer-to-peer accommodation leads to changes in travelers' behavior. Based on two online surveys targeting travelers from the United States and Finland, it was identified that the social and economic appeals of peer-to-peer accommodation significantly affect expansion in destination selection, increase in travel frequency, length of stay, and range of activities participated in tourism destinations. Travelers' desires for more meaningful social interactions with locals and unique experiences in authentic settings drive them to travel more often, stay longer, and participate in more activities. Also, the reduction in accommodation cost allows travelers to consider and select destinations, trips, and tourism activities that are otherwise cost-prohibitive. Implications for tourism planning and management are provided.
This master thesis wants to measure the impact of Airbnb on hotel revenue
in Norway, Finland, and Sweden using a di�erence-in-di�erences strategy
with many time periods and di�erent level of treatment. We exploit the richness
of our data to di�erentiate among Airbnb listings and to identify which type of
hotel costumers Airbnb is more likely to attract.
Technology advances enable people to trade and sell their own travel products, which in turn create numerous transformation changes into the tourism industry structure, the nature of tourism products and experiences, the competitiveness of traditional and new tourism players and the process creating (social) value in tourism. This paper investigates the application and implications of collaborative commerce in tourism and provides suggestions for future research.
There is growing interest in the potential of grassroots innovations to play a role in the transition to sustainable production and consumption systems. However, the role of values has been little considered in relation to the development and diffusion of grassroots innovations. We develop a conceptual model of how citizens’ values are mobilised by grassroots innovations, drawing on the value theory of Schwartz et al. (2012) and the theory of collective enactment of values of Chen et al. (2013). Using the results of a large scale survey of free reuse groups (e.g. Freecycle and Freegle), which enable collaborative forms of consumption, we apply the conceptual model to explore how participants’ values are mobilised and expressed. We show that while the majority of free reuse group participants do hold significantly stronger self-transcendence (i.e. pro-social) values than the wider UK population, they also hold other values in common with that population and a minority actually place less emphasis on self-transcendence values. We conclude that diffusion of this particular grassroots innovation is unlikely to be simply value limited and that structural features may be more significant.
This article explores the emergence of Airbnb, a company whose website permits ordinary people to rent out their residences as tourist accommodation. The company was just recently established, but it has grown extremely rapidly and is now selling many millions of room nights annually. This rise is examined through the lens of disruptive innovation theory, which describes how products that lack in traditionally favoured attributes but offer alternative benefits can, over time, transform a market and capture mainstream consumers. The concepts of disruptive innovation are used to consider Airbnb's novel business model, which is built around modern internet technologies, and Airbnb's distinct appeal, which centres on cost-savings, household amenities, and the potential for more authentic local experiences. Despite Airbnb's growing popularity, many Airbnb rentals are actually illegal due to short-term rental regulations. These legality issues and their corresponding tax concerns are discussed, with an overview of the current state of regulatory flux and a possible path for resolution. Thereafter, the article considers Airbnb's potential to significantly disrupt the traditional accommodation sector, and the positive and negative impacts Airbnb may have on destinations. Finally, numerous questions for future research are proposed.
Sharing is a phenomenon as old as humankind, while collaborative consumption and the “sharing economy” are phenomena born of the Internet age. This paper compares sharing and collaborative consumption and finds that both are growing in popularity today. Examples are given and an assessment is made of the reasons for the current growth in these practices and their implications for businesses still using traditional models of sales and ownership. The old wisdom that we are what we own, may need modifying to consider forms of possession and uses that do not involve ownership.
Innovation has become a buzzword, regularly cited to convey any improvement made to an existing offer, regardless of the extent of newness. Tourism innovation has historically been viewed as either incremental or radical in nature, a binary developed within manufacturing. However, given that incremental improvements are the norm in the tourism sector and that radical innovation is an abnormality, the binary is not representative of tourism innovation. We suggest a three-level typology, based on field research in Europe and Australia, and informed by Rogers’ innovation diffusion model; the anthropological concept of liminality and its role in the search for tacit knowledge through weak network ties; and the need to ask ultimate (‘why’) rather than proximate (‘what’, ‘how’) questions. Since the term innovation is overused and the role of innovator therefore misunderstood, we introduce three alternate concepts: the ‘artist’, who is comparable to the innovator; the ‘artisan’, who represents early innovation adopters; and the ‘painter’, who epitomizes the early and late majority.
A disruptive innovation (i.e., one that dramatically disrupts the current market) is not necessarily a disruptive innovation (as Clayton Christensen defines this term). To aid in understanding why some innovations are more (or less) disruptive to the long-term health of incumbents, this article offers terminology and a framework complementary to Christensen's work, focusing on the diffusion pattern of the new product. The framework and model presented herein suggest that when an innovation diffuses from the low end upward toward the high end, a pattern called low-end encroachment, the incumbent may be tempted to overlook its potential impact. Three possible types of low-end encroachment are illustrated: the fringe-market, detached-market, and immediate scenarios. Conversely, when the pattern is one of high-end encroachment, the impact on the current market is immediate and striking. A three-step framework is identified to assess the potential diffusion pattern and impact of an innovation, thereby helping a firm determine the threat or opportunity that an innovation represents.
This study examined the relationship between the price positioning of Airbnb listings, measured in price difference between a hotel property and the nearby Airbnb listings as well as price dispersion among these Airbnb listings, and the performance of nearby hotels. An exploratory analysis using field data points collected from the Airbnb listings and their hotel counterparts in the metropolitan area of Austin, Texas between Quarter 3, 2008 (debut of Airbnb in Austin) and Quarter 2, 2011 reveals intriguing findings. The entry of Airbnb listings was penetrative to local hotels. However, the price positioning of Airbnb, manifested in higher average price as compared to nearby hotels, as well as larger price dispersion among individual listings, significantly mitigated such penetration. Important theoretical contributions and practical implications for hotels are discussed.
Millions of tourists have used Airbnb accommodations, and Airbnb is frequently discussed in terms of its current or future impacts on hotels. The purpose of this research was to investigate such impacts by determining the extent to which Airbnb is used as a hotel substitute and to examine how Airbnb guests expect their accommodations to perform relative to hotels. Together, these analyses were intended to provide empirical insight into Airbnb’s status as a disruptive innovation. The study involved an online survey of over 800 tourists who had used Airbnb within the previous year. Nearly two-thirds had used Airbnb as a hotel substitute. When considering traditional hotel attributes (e.g., cleanliness and comfort), Airbnb was generally expected to outperform budget hotels/motels, underperform upscale hotels, and have mixed outcomes versus mid-range hotels, signalling some – but not complete – consistency with the concept of disruptive innovation. Numerous practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
This short essay proposes a theoretical model for regulating the short-term rental market, which is typified by online markets such as Airbnb.com. The basic mechanism proposed here is a "transferable sharing right" (TSR), which is modeled on existing transferable development rights regimes. The proposed TSR regime would provide cities a means of regulating short-term rentals while also charging a fee equal to externalities and lost city revenue resulting from short-term rentals. Further, TSRs could be used to re-invest in neighborhoods where short-term rentals occur or to drive economic development to neighborhoods where cities seek to encourage tourism.
Peer-to-peer markets, collectively known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. The authors explore the economic impact of the sharing economy on incumbent firms by studying the case of Airbnb, a prominent platform for short-term accommodations. They analyze Airbnb's entry into the state of Texas and quantify its impact on the Texas hotel industry over the subsequent decade. In Austin, where Airbnb supply is highest, the causal impact on hotel revenue is in the 8%-10% range; moreover, the impact is nonuniform, with lower-priced hotels and hotels that do not cater to business travelers being the most affected. The impact manifests itself primarily through less aggressive hotel room pricing, benefiting all consumers, not just participants in the sharing economy. The price response is especially pronounced during periods of peak demand, such as during the South by Southwest festival, and is due to a differentiating feature of peer-to-peer platforms-enabling instantaneous supply to scale to meet demand.
Purpose
To tackle one of the main negative consequences of the sharing economy, namely the growth of the informal sector, the aim of this paper is to evaluate for the first time the impacts of the informal sector on the hospitality industry, and then to discuss what needs to be done to prevent the further growth of the informal sector in this industry.
Methodology/approach
To evaluate the impacts of the informal sector on the hospitality industry, data is reported from 30 East European and Central Asian countries collected in 2013 in the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey.
Findings
The finding is that 23% of hotels and restaurants in Eastern Europe and Central Asia report competing against unregistered or informal operators and 13% view these informal competitors as a major or severe obstacle. The larger the business, the greater is the likelihood that the informal sector is considered their biggest obstacle.
Practical Implications
To prevent the further growth of the informal sector in the hospitality industry, regulation of the sharing economy will be required. To achieve this, it is shown that state authorities need to adopt both direct control measures that alter the costs of operating in the informal sector and the benefits and ease of operating formally, as well as indirect control measures that reduce the acceptability of operating in the informal sector.
Originality/value
This is the first paper to evaluate the impacts of the informal sector on the hospitality industry and to outline the policy measures required to prevent its further growth with the advent of the sharing economy.
In this paper we investigate the Airbnb phenomenon from the dual perspective of their customers and competitors. We use two different methods to collect data: an online survey administered to customers of Airbnb and traditional hotels, and in-depth interviews with hotel executives. Our survey findings suggest that there are significant differences between the type and motivation of customers that book Airbnb compared to those that book traditional hotels. Further, the interviews with hotel executives indicate that Airbnb is not considered to be a significant disruptor and/or competitor by the major players in the hospitality industry, though the smaller and mid-range hotels are contemplating adjustments and interventions in anticipation of increased competition from Airbnb. We discuss these findings as well as implications for practice and policy and offer suggestions for future research.
If you would like a copy of the article for your personal use, please email me: mingming.cheng@otago.ac.nz
This paper provides an objective, systematic and holistic review of the sharing economy (SE) academic literature to uncover the theoretical foundations and key themes underlying the field by using co-citation analysis and content analysis. Sixty-six publications on sharing economy with ten papers related to tourism and hospitality from 2010 to 2015 (inclusive) have been identified. This paper revealed three broad areas of foci with sharing economy research in general: (1) SE's business models and its impacts, (2) nature of SE, and (3) SE's sustainability development as well as two areas of foci in tourism and hospitality specifically: (1) SE's impacts on destinations and tourism services (2) SE's impacts on tourists. The sharing economy has a strong intellectual tradition from lifestyle and social movement field, consumption practice and sharing paradigm. This paper presents a more robust framework and holistic understanding of the sharing economy field and calls for a new theory-informed research agenda on sharing economy to coalesce multi-level perspectives.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the state of academic research on innovation in tourism. The authors present a systematic review of the literature, different research approaches and perspectives on tourism innovation; offer a synthesis of our findings and provide a discussion and proposals for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
Existing studies on innovation in hospitality and tourism (included in the Web of Knowledge database) were reviewed, and their limitations were identified. A procedure used in previous studies (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010; Tranfield et al., 2003; Becheikh et al., 2006) was applied. Moreover, aiming to reveal theoretical foundations of tourism innovation research and identify their structure, a bibliometric analysis was performed.
Findings
This paper identifies 152 published papers that represent the major efforts in expanding the body of research on innovation in hospitality and tourism. The importance of innovation for business and regional competitiveness and success has been recognised by both researchers and practitioners. In the papers included in the sample of this paper, the authors identified a general consensus that much remains to be done in the development of the theory of innovation in tourism. Through bibliometric analysis, nine co-citation networks, or clusters, were retrieved by applying co-citation relations among the most cited authors. The examination of these nine clusters revealed some dominant themes that characterise the field.
Research limitations/implications
The authors used three databases: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. While these databases may not include all relevant research, the authors, nonetheless, believe that by using a rigorous procedure in reviewing the literature systematically, they were able to reduce the probability of neglecting any information that would critically change the content of the present paper.
Practical implications
The aim of this paper was to bring together the prior research with presently existing models that may be used in further research. For the continuation of the research, the authors propose additional studies with the aim of theory development. By introducing new theoretical ideas and theoretical models, more qualitative and inductive research would help to stimulate further work. As stated above, researchers could go further by undertaking quantitative methods to empirically verify the theoretically proposed models.
Originality/value
Since the last review (Hjalager, 2010) of past studies in tourism innovation, mostly focusing on studies up to 2009, tourism innovation research has grown noticeably in terms of diverse topics. In this paper’s database, the year with the most publications was 2012 with 48 papers, followed by 2014 with 42 (by 19 September), 2010 and 2011 with 41 and 2009 with 29. To the authors’ knowledge, no updated reviews focusing on innovation in tourism have been published recently. This study, consisting of a systematic review of academic literature, includes analyses of the international context, the methodology used, the points of view, the level of analysis (micro-level, macro-level and general level) and the type of innovation discussed in the paper. Moreover, the authors did not find any studies that used bibliometric analysis to identify the structure of the theoretical foundation of research in the area of innovation in tourism.
Although the deteriorating profitability of the US lodging industry has been repeatedly attributed to overcapacity, there has been little research on the causes of overcapacity. The authors suspect that this issue stems from the lack of a working definition of optimal capacity level. This study evaluates the optimum capacity of the US lodging industry based on the fundamental price theory, which posits that prices are determined through equilibrium. Results of the simultaneous equations model show that the industry has an incentive to maintain overcapacity because the outcomes of under-capacity are even less desirable. The uncertainty of demand further encourages overcapacity to some extent. Historical overcapacity cycles in the US lodging industry suggest that overcapacity seems to be an outcome of unexpected demand shocks, rather than the consequence of irrational overbuilding. Implications for the industry and suggestions for future research are presented along with the study findings.
Collaborative consumption, often associated with the sharing economy, takes place in organized systems or networks, in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, and swapping of goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money. In this paper, a framework on the determinants of choosing a sharing option is developed and tested with two quantitative studies by applying partial least squares path modeling analysis. In study 1, users of the B2C car sharing service car2go (N = 236), and in study 2, users of the C2C online community accommodation marketplace Airbnb (N = 187) are surveyed. The results reveal the satisfaction and the likelihood of choosing a sharing option again to be predominantly explained by determinants serving users' self-benefit. Utility, trust, cost savings, and familiarity were found to be essential in both studies, while service quality and community belonging were identified solely in study 1. Four proposed determinants had no influence on any of the endogenous variables. This applies to environmental impact, internet capability, smartphone capability, and trend affinity. Finally, research and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing urban hotel properties located in major metropolitan markets during the 1989 to 2000 period, this study provides empirical evidence that various measures of current income, expectations of future income, the own price, and the price of substitutes, are statistically important factors influencing lodging demand at the property level. This study examines the relationship between lodging demand and these economic factors at the property level using a large cross section of properties and a long time horizon. The results show that income elasticities computed at the property level are significantly lower than those computed using aggregate lodging data. The results also show that the magnitude of the impact of GDP on lodging demand is similar to the magnitude of the sum of disposable personal income and corporate income. The relative magnitude of the impact of each of these economic factors on lodging demand varies across lodging market segments.
The merits of being customer-oriented for firm innovation have long been debated. Firms focused on their existing customers have been argued to be less innovative. This paper distinguishes between mainstream and emerging customer orientations and examines their effects on the introduction of disruptive and radical product innovations. Radical product innovations draw on a substantially new technology and could initially be targeted at a mainstream or an emerging market. In contrast, disruptive innovations are initially targeted at an emerging market, and may not involve the newest technology. This paper hypothesizes that mainstream customer orientation is negatively related to disruptive innovation and positively related to radical innovation, and that emerging customer orientation is positively related to disruptive innovation. To test these hypotheses, longitudinal and multiple informant data from senior executives in 128 SBUs of 19 Fortune 200 corporations are analyzed, with technology scanning and willingness to cannibalize as key control variables. The results support the hypotheses, providing evidence for contrasting effects of being oriented to mainstream customers and/or emerging customers on radical and disruptive innovations. Mainstream customer orientation has a positive impact on the introduction of radical innovations but a negative impact on disruptive innovation, while emerging customer orientation has a positive effect on disruptive innovation and is unrelated to radical innovations. Technology scanning is positively related to radical innovation but not to disruptive innovation, supporting the idea that disruptive innovation may not require new technology. In contrast, willingness to cannibalize is positively related to disruptive innovation but not to radical innovation, supporting the idea that radical innovation does not require cannibalization of existing investments. Additionally, mainstream customer orientation is found to have a near-zero correlation with emerging customer orientation, indicating that the two can coexist and can be pursued simultaneously.
The Las Vegas Strip has seen astonishing tourism development in the 1990s. The study examined the inter-relationship between the room supply and demand functions, and room rate in Las Vegas employing econometric variables in a simultaneous framework during 1992–1999. The results suggest that room rate for the current month, the 3-month Treasury bill rate and gaming revenue per room for the 12-month prior are the three determinants of the room supply function, while consumer price index for the current month is the only determinant of the room demand function.
The three specific types of disruptive innovations, business-model innovations, and radical (new to the world) product innovations, are discussed. The two innovations create different kinds of markets, pose different challenges for established firms and have different implications for managers. The first model innovators simply redefine what an existing product or service is and how it is provided to the customer. The second model innovation introduces new products and value propositions, disturbing the prevailing consumer habits and behaviors in a major way. All the three types of innovation may follow a similar process to invade existing markets and may have equally disruptive effect son incumbent firms.
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