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Collective identification among young adults: Ethnicity, race and the incorporation experience.
... It is based upon a large and diverse set of in-depth interviews collected in the early 2000s with first and second-generation immigrants mostly between the ages of 23 and 29 as part of larger study commissioned by the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood and Public Policy (see Swartz et al. 2017;Waters et al. 2011). Extending from an earlier, more descriptive treatment (Baiocchi and Hartmann 2017), we use these interviews to construct a rich, insider's view of "new" immigrant collective identification in the transition to adulthood. ...
... In stark contrast to the rather restrictive ways by which most native-born white and black Americans in these samples described their race and/or ethnicity (with some "white Americans" even claiming not to have "any ethnicity at all"; see Baiocchi and Hartmann 2017), immigrant young adults often expressed their identities with complex narratives that touched on a range of topics. Indeed, these identities were rarely framed as a singular and isolated topic in the interviews, restricted to one set of questions or issue; instead, collective identification was a recurring reference point that respondents narrated to as they discussed issues important to them across the interview schedule. ...
... web/ ICPSR /studi es/24881 .It is worth noting that these three studies also included interviews with a range of native-born American respondents as well (white = 42; black = 12; other non-white = 12). These interviews were analyzed and included in an earlier, descriptive treatment(Baiocchi and Hartmann 2017), and as such provide comparative context for the immigrant narratives presented here. ...
This paper reports on the complex ways in which immigrant young adults make sense of their Americanized ethnic and racial identities. The analysis draws on a large set of in-depth interviews (N = 233) collected with immigrants between the ages of 18 and 29 across three regions in the US (California, New York, and Minnesota) in the early 2000s and is in dialogue with emerging new theories of immigrant incorporation which combine the insights of traditional assimilation and racialization frameworks. The identity narratives that emerge from these interviews demonstrate the overarching significance of racial and ethnic identification for young adults across various immigrant communities. The narratives also highlight some of the contextual factors involved in the construction of an ethnic identity in the US such as experiences with discrimination; or the presence of co-ethnic communities. The final substantive section explores how young American immigrants in the transition to adulthood attempt to cultivate hybrid, bicultural identities that balance their American-ness with the ongoing experience of living in a deeply racialized society. The paper concludes by discussing implications for the literature on identity formation and the transition to adulthood as well as on the immigrant incorporation experience.
Through the lens of racialized incorporation, this paper draws upon three decades of surveys and interviews to analyze the initial experiences of young adult Hmong migrants in the United States. The first part describes the aspirations and understandings of these young adults as adolescents (circa 1989–1994). Early in resettlement, they, like their parents, stressed education and mobility; however, in contrast to traditional assimilation theory and model minority stereotypes, their aspirations were oriented toward family, traditions, and ethnic identification. The second section (2002–2007) documents how they came to embrace a distinctive bicultural identity during the transition to adulthood even as they became increasingly aware of its tenuousness, the constraints of racism, and their own complicated place in American racial hierarchies. Focused on ethnic identity and the complexity of racialization, the Hmong case provides the foundation for theorizing varied patterns of incorporation and the value of multi-method, life-course approaches.
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