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POLICY SERIES BY TRANSNATIONAL PRESS LONDON
POLICY SERIES BY TRANSNATIONAL PRESS LONDON
Migration Policy in Crisis
Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci, Emília Lana de Freitas Castro,
Ülkü Sezgi Sözen
“Migration has become an everyday topic in the last years, and
the arrival of persons fleeing for their lives or human rights or in
search of a better life has been deemed as a “crisis”. In reality,
though, Politics are creating a crisis of protection. This book
flashes out this scenario in Europe, pointing to the crisis of policies
towards migrants in the EU. To face the challenges in the current
international setting balancing the interests of States and the
needs of human beings is essential. This requires commitment to
being comprehensive, propositional and analytical and this
book delivers this.”
Liliana Lyra Jubilut, Professor in International Law, Member of the
IOM Migration Research Leaders’ Syndicate, Brazil
“Whenever we hear the voices of irresponsible populists trying to
destroy the European project, we should never forget that we
live in and have to fight for an age of enlightenment. The volume
at hand provides a superb reminder.”
Markus Kotzur, Chair of European and International Law and
Vice Dean for Studies and Teaching, Universität Hamburg,
Germany
MIGRATION POLICY IN CRISIS
Ibrahim Sirkeci, Emília Lana de Freitas Castro, Ülkü Sezgi Sözen
MIGRATION
POLICY IN CRISIS
I. Sirkeci, E. Castro, Ü. S. Sözen (Eds.)
Migration Policy in Crisis
“Migration has become an everyday topic in the last years, and the arrival of
persons fleeing for their lives or human rights or in search of a better life has
been deemed as a “crisis”. In reality, though, Politics are creating a crisis of
protection. This book flashes out this scenario in Europe, pointing to the
crisis of policies towards migrants in the EU. To face the challenges in the
current international setting balancing the interests of States and the needs of
human beings is essential. This requires analysis a commitment to being
comprehensive, propositional and analytical and this book delivers this.”
– Liliana Lyra Jubilut, Professor in International Law, Member of the IOM Migration
Research Leaders’ Syndicate, Brazil
“Whenever we hear the voices of irresponsible populists trying to destroy the
European project, we should never forget that we live in and have to fight for
an age of enlightenment. The volume at hand provides a superb reminder.”
– Markus Kotzur, Chair of European and International Law and Vice Dean for Studies
and Teaching, Universität Hamburg, Germany
Migration Policy in Crisis
Edited by
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Emília Lana de Freitas Castro
Ülkü Sezgi Sözen
POLICY SERIES
TRANSNATIONAL PRESS LONDON
2018
Migration Policy in Crisis
Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci, Emília Lana de Freitas Castro, Ülkü Sezgi Sözen
Copyright © 2018 by Transnational Press London
All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in
any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except
for the use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal.
First Published in 2018 by TRANSNATIONAL PRESS LONDON in the United
Kingdom, 12 Ridgeway Gardens, London, N6 5XR, UK.
www.tplondon.com
Transnational Press London® and the logo and its affiliated brands are
registered trademarks.
Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to:
sales@tplondon.com
Paperback
ISBN: 978-1-910781-85-2
Cover Design: Gizem Çakır
Cover Photo: migrants to the state border by Photobank gallery, ID: 317688476,
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/migrants-state-border-
317688476?src=JjsP5KHPDCIDd0Q9r0QVlQ-1-17.
www.tplondon.com
ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Ibrahim Sirkeci is Professor of Transnational Studies & Marketing and
Director of Centre for Transnational Studies at Regent’s University London, UK.
After his BA in Political Science at Bilkent University, he received his PhD in
Geography in 2003 from the University of Sheffield and completed his PGCE from
the Institute of Education, University College London in 2007. Before joining the
Regent's University London in 2005, he worked at the University of Bristol. His
research on migration journey started over two decades ago with the International
Migration Survey headed by NIDI. His main areas of expertise are remittances,
integration, conflict, labour markets, minorities, and segmentation. Sirkeci is known
for his extensive work on insecurity and human mobility as well as his conceptual
work on conflict model of migration. He has also coined the term “transnational
mobile consumers” as he examines connected consumers and the role of mobility
in consumer behaviour within a transnational marketing context. He is the editor
of several journals including Migration Letters and Remittances Review. Sirkeci is author
and editor of several books including Turkey’s Syrians: Today and Tomorrow (2017),
Turkish Migration Policy (2016), Conflict, Security and Mobility (2016), Little Turkey in
Great Britain (2016), Migration and Remittances during the Global Financial Crisis and
Beyond (2012), and Cultures of Migration, the global nature of contemporary mobility (2011).
Professor Sirkeci can be contacted at sirkecii@regents.ac.uk and @isirkeci
Emília Lana de Freitas Castro is doctoral researcher at the Law School of
Universität Hamburg, Germany, and since 2015 holds a scholarship from
Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES -
Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), a scholarship from the
Brazilian Ministry of Education. Her Ph.D. research project is titled “The free
movement of persons and the freedom of settlement of migrants in Brazil and
within MERCOSUL: taking Germany and the European Union as possible legal
and policy models for the freedom of migration”, which is supervised by Prof. Dr.
Markus Kotzur, LL.M. (Duke). Emília Castro holds a Bachelor Degree in Law from
the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) and a Master of Laws in
International Law from the same University. She is a qualified lawyer in Brazil and
has also worked as an Assistant Lecturer for Private International Law at UERJ in
2013 and 2014. In 2017 and 2018, Emília Castro is also a Lecturer for Brazilian
Private International Law at Universität Hamburg.
Emília Castro can be contacted at Emilia.Castro@studium.uni-hamburg.de
Ülkü Sezgi Sözen is a research fellow and PhD student at the Law Faculty,
Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School of Law, Universität Hamburg
(UHH). After graduating her bachelor's degree as the third-best in 2012 at the Law
Faculty of Istanbul Kültür University with a state scholarship, she received in
ii
October 2013 her LL.M. degree in European Legal Studies at Europa-Kolleg
Hamburg with a full scholarship from Schulze-Fielitz Stiftung. Currently, in her
research project she deals with the association law and migration policy with special
reference to Mediterranean countries. Besides her ongoing academic projects, she
gives lecture on Turkish migration law and policy at the law faculty of UHH.
Ülkü Sezgi Sözen can be contacted at uelkue.sezgi.soezen@uni-hamburg.de
Maciej Stepka, MA, MSc is a PhD candidate at the Institute of European
Studies, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. He earned his Master degrees
in Political Science from University of Amsterdam (2011) and European Studies
from Jagiellonian University in Krakow (2009). His research interests revolve
around European policy-making, critical security studies, as well as migration and
border studies. Address: Institute of European Studies, Jodlowa 13, 30-252
Krakow, Poland, email: maciek.stepka@uj.edu.pl
Axel Kreienbrink is Head of Unit “International Migration and Migration
Management” at the “Research Centre Migration, Integration and Asylum” of the
Federal Office for Migration and Refugees in Nuremberg (Germany). After
graduating in History and Political Science he made his PhD in Migration Research
on the topic of “Immigration policy in Spain” at the University of Osnabrück. He
entered the Federal Office in 2005 and became Head of Unit in 2007. His research
topics cover international migration, irregular migration, return migration,
migration and development, Muslims in Germany, and research for the European
Migration Network EMN. He has several publications on migration history and
migration policy in Germany, Spain and Europe, see: www.axel-kreienbrink.de
Johanna C. Günther is a PhD candidate at the Centre for Area Studies,
Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg. She holds a PhD
scholarship of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. Her dissertation
investigates how judgments of the European Court of Human Rights affect EU
policy making processes in the area of asylum. Johanna Günther has contributed
to studies and reports of the German Institute for Human Rights concerning the
protection of migrants’ rights in Germany. Previously, she was a member of an EU-
funded research consortium analyzing the perceptions of the EU in its strategic
partner countries. Johanna Günther completed a traineeship at the European
Network of National Human Rights Institutions (ENNHRI) in Brussels, a
postgraduate programme in European Studies at Freie Universität Berlin, and an
undergraduate degree in cultural studies and political science at Leuphana
Universität Lüneburg.
Barbora Olejárová is a PhD Candidate at the Faculty of Political Science and
International Relations, Matej Bel University, Slovakia. Her research expertise
includes the issues of international migration covering the Middle Eastern Region
and the Eastern Mediterranean. She was a visiting researcher at the Department of
Sociology, University of Vienna (2016) and at the Trinity College, Dublin (2017)
and she joined the Globsec Academy Centre as a Conference Project Coordinator
iii
in 2017. She is a former trainee at the Representation of the European Commission
in Slovakia (2014) and she was active on behalf of the Institute for Cultural
Diplomacy in Berlin (2014) as well. Barbora also spent some time during her early
career and studies travelling China (2012) while working for the non-governmental
sector to raise cultural and language awareness of the local population. Her latest
policy publications focus on security concerns over the third-countries’ migration
in the EU; Turkish migration policy and coercive-engineered migration waves.
Vasiliki Kakosimou is the head officer of the Regional Asylum Office (RAO)
of Piraeus, Athens (Greek Asylum Service). He deals with cases of international
protection from Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Before his current position, Vasiliki
used to work in RAO Attica for international protection cases from sub-Saharan
countries and Europe. He is a PhD candidate in asylum management and holds a
Master degree in public management. Graduated from National School of Public
Administration (ENA), the author has published many journal and conference
papers. His research interests are: refugee law, asylum management, new public
service, among others.
Katarzyna A. Morawska holds a doctoral degree in law from Gdańsk
University, Faculty of Law and Administration. Her PhD thesis was of an
interdisciplinary character, being devoted to circular migration in the European
Union. She completed her post-graduate studies in European Studies at Gdańsk
University, as well as her MA studies in European Studies at the Institute for
European Studies in Brussels and in International Relations at Łódź International
Studies Academy. Since 2010 she has been working as a researcher and academic
lecturer at several Universities (e.g. Sopot University of Applied Science, WSB
University in Gdańsk, Pomeranian Academy in Starogard Gdański). Since 2016 she
holds the function of a research officer in the Gdynia Emigration Museum. Over
the last few years, the area of her research has focused mainly on the European
immigration law and policy. E-mail: k.morawska@muzeumemigracji.pl
Maria Psoinos is a social psychologist with expertise in the field of migration,
health and psychosocial wellbeing. She holds a PhD and an MPhil from Cambridge
University, UK and a BSc from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Maria
has worked as a researcher and lecturer in the UK (University of Cambridge, St
George’s University of London, Kingston University) and in Greece (Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, American College of Thessaloniki, National School of
Public Health). She has held an Honorary Research fellowship at Kingston
University (2009-2014) and is currently a Visiting Research Fellow at Canterbury
Christ Church University. She is also Adj. Psychology Professor at the American
College of Thessaloniki. Maria has published a number of articles and book
chapters on the concept of migrant integration; skilled migrants’ and refugees’
professional experiences and psychosocial wellbeing; health and social care services
for migrants and refugees; qualitative research principles in health and social care.
Address: Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Canterbury Christ Church University,
North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, United Kingdom. E-mail:
iv
m.psoinos471@canterbury.ac.uk.
Orna Rosenfeld is a housing expert and urban strategist specializing in
affordable housing policy and provision, including housing migrants, housing
governance and finance as well as urban and city development. She is an adjunct
professor at the Sciences Po – Paris Institute of Political Studies, France. Orna
holds a PhD from Westminster University, UK, MA from Sheffield University, UK
and BArch from Technion Israel Institute of Technology. Since 2016, Dr.
Rosenfeld is serving the European Commission as an independent senior housing
expert. She also works with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE), the World Bank and Council of Europe Development Bank advising
them on the matters of housing migrants among others. Orna has published of a
number of articles and book chapters on housing migrants in the UK, Spain and
Italy. She believes in connecting scientific fields focusing on migrant integration,
wellbeing and housing for best policy results. She is an author of the UNECE
flagship publication ‘Social housing in the UNECE region: models, trends and
challenges’ published by the United Nations.
Address: Sciences Po – Paris Institute of Political Studies, Urban School, 117
Boulevard Saint-Germain 75006, FRANCE. E-mail: orna.rosenfeld@sciencespo.fr
Panagiotis Chasapopoulos is a joint PhD candidate at the Antwerp Centre of
Evolutionary Demography (ACED) of the Faculty of Applied Economics at the
University of Antwerp in Belgium and at the Tilburg Shool of Economics and
Management (TiSEM) of Tilburg University in the Netherlands.
Arjen van Witteloostuijn holds a PhD in Economics from Maastricht
University (1990) and currently is a Full Professor of Business and Economics at
the VU University Amsterdam. He is also Dean of the VU School of Business and
Economics (SBE) in Amsterdam.
Christophe Boone holds a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of
Antwerp (1992) and currently is a Full Professor of Organization Theory and
Behavior at the same university. He is also co-founder and co-director of the
Antwerp Centre of Evolutionary demography (ACED).
1
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS............................................... i
Preface
Markus Kotzur ......................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION
Ibrahim Sirkeci, Emília Lana de Freitas Castro, Ülkü Sezgi Sözen ................. 5
HUMANITARIAN SECURITIZATION OF THE 2015 “MIGRATION
CRISIS”: INVESTIGATING HUMANITARIANISM AND SECURITY IN
THE EU POLICY FRAMES ON OPERATIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN
Maciej Stępka ............................................................................................................ 9
RESTRICTION, PRAGMATIC LIBERALISATION, MODERNISATION:
GERMANY’S MULTIFACETED RESPONSE TO THE “REFUGEE
CRISIS”
Axel Kreienbrink ................................................................................................... 31
COMMUNICATING REFUGEES AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE
GERMAN GOVERNMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Johanna C. Günther ............................................................................................. 53
SOLIDARITY VS. SOVEREIGNTY: PERSPECTIVE ON THE SLOVAK
FOREIGN POLICY REACTIONS TO THE MIGRATION CRISIS
Barbora Olejárová .................................................................................................. 77
ASYLUM UNDER PRESSURE: INTERNATIONAL DETERRENCE AND
ACCESS TO ASYLUM
Vasiliki Kakosimou ................................................................................................ 95
LEGAL AND CIRCULAR MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
MOBILITY PARTNERSHIPS
Katarzyna A. Morawska ..................................................................................... 103
2
DEVELOPING THE UNDERSTANDING OF MIGRANT
INTEGRATION IN THE EU: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSING
PRACTICES
Maria Psoinos and Orna Rosenfeld .................................................................. 115
IMMIGRATION AND ELECTORAL SUPPORT FOR THE RADICAL
RIGHT: EVIDENCE FROM DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES
Panagiotis Chasapopoulos, Arjen van Witteloostuijn and Christophe Boone
................................................................................................................................ 133
3
PREFACE
Markus Kotzur 1
Prof. Ibrahim Sirkeci, who is well known for his extensive conceptual work on
human mobility, conflict, insecurity and cultures of migration, Emília Castro and
Ülkü Sezgi Sözen, two younger legal scholars working in the same field and applying
a distinctly comparative approach, present their latest book on the crisis of
migration policies within the EU. The endeavour could not be more topical. Since
2015, increasing numbers of migrants arrive in the European Union either risking
a dangerous journey across the Mediterranean Sea or traveling overland through
Southeast Europe via the so-called Balkan Routes. The malfunctions of the Dublin
system became obvious when the Member States could not agree how to distribute
the refugees amongst themselves. In particular solidarity is at stake when fear-
driven anxieties built a new integration-sceptic narrative and provokes strong
tendencies of re-nationalization in sovereignty-centered “splendid isolation”. The
willingness or reluctance towards burden-sharing might indeed become the litmus
test for European integration in times of solidarity-crises? Facing this recent
challenges one should, however, not forget that migration is by no means a new
phenomenon. From the perspective of global history, migratory movements
present a continuum in human socialisation; at the same time, they are always tied
to ever-changing social, political and economic conditions – in short the real world
context. The relevant real world conditions, though, have, what can be seen as
another continuum, always taught the lecture that conflicts occur when migratory
movements become encounters of people and when these encounters of people
turn into confrontations between people. It is exactly this conflictual potential of
migration which became most obvious in Europe during the recent “refugee crisis”
– wrongly labelled so since the European public is not facing a “crisis of refuges”
but rather a crisis of its political communities regarding the question how to
adequately deal with refugees approaching their borders.
In a situation like that the need for managing migratory movements is evident.
The very idea of an effective migration management has at its heart two
components: the reactive aim of defining a framework within which processes of
social change can be processed; and the proactive aim of bringing about social
change. The overall aim is to comprehensively secure the rule of law in questions
of migration, without opening avenues for an overhasty retreat into those
exceptional situations that lie beyond the law. The management of migration in
both European and Public International law involves the horizontal integration of
1 Prof. Dr. Markus Kotzur, LL.M. (Duke Univ.) is Chair of European and International Law, Vice Dean
for Studies and Teaching at Universität Hamburg, Germany.
KOTZUR
4
state and non-state actors alike, whilst making use of all vertical mechanisms typical
of multi-level governance, including the establishment of “international benchmark
norms” as a normatively binding guide for regulation and enforcement at the
supranational European as well as national level.
A second preliminary remark concerns terminology questions. The use of the
phrase “migration” requires semantic sensitivity: whilst “migration” in everyday
usage implies an exception to the norm of a settled existence, “movement” rather
connotes the constitutive norm for the globalised world of the 21st Century and its
mobile societies. Migration refers to the movement of persons across borders with
the aim of taking up permanent, or at least temporary, residence in a country other
than the country of origin. International migration law has no unified institutional
framework, remaining instead highly fragmented. It lacks coherent governance
structures. And yet, the management of migration requires cooperation.
International migration law should become international law of cooperation par
excellence and European migration law the supranational should achieve effective
implementation of the cooperation model. Especially human rights can provide a
normative means of directing cooperation on the international and the European
plane as well. All actors being bound by human rights are obliged to establish a
minimum level of infrastructure, without which basic human rights would in their
substance be empty. This at least has to be achieved by European migration law
and brings us back to the notion of solidarity, too. As the great European Jacques
Delors said: “Solidarity mechanisms are not based on pure generosity but on
enlightened self-interest”. Whenever we hear the voices of irresponsible populists
trying to destroy the European project, we should never forget that we live in and
have to fight for an age of enlightenment. The volume at hand provides a superb
reminder.
5
INTRODUCTION
Ibrahim Sirkeci, Emília Lana de Freitas Castro, Ülkü Sezgi
Sözen
Migration and challenges associated with human mobility are here to stay. We,
as migration scholars, reiterate, rethink, reconsider what we do know and identify
areas for further investigation constantly. Every year we get intrigued by volumes
of research and scholarship presented at the Migration Conferences (TMC) since
2012. At the fifth conference in 2017 held at Harokopio University in Athens, about
400 papers were disseminated by researchers covering different aspects,
approaches, methods, and takes on human mobility. This edited volume in hand
here, although inspired and shaped by the contributions initially presented at the
TMC 2017, is more than a conference proceedings book. The volume includes not
only more experienced and distinguished academics but also new researchers
committed to high quality scholarship in this field.
Our intent was to bring together a selection of papers complementing each
other and covering legal studies as well as other social sciences to offer useful
material for informed and effective migration policy. The chapters included can
also be considered as concentrated on Europe and European approaches on
migration. Alluding to the premises of the conflict model of migration, these
chapters reflect both conflicts and cooperation between state level actors as well as
reflecting at the cross-cutting issues at micro and mezzo levels (Sirkeci, 2009).
Individual and group level insecurities reflect the perceived impact of conflicts,
tensions, discomforts, disagreements and upsets at micro level and these are
moderated by mismatches of policies and practices at state levels. Recent
experiences of migration policy in Europe offer both cases of cooperation and
conflict as countries’ interests do not always complement. The deal(s) with Turkey
is probably the reason for a mass outpouring of refugees from Turkey in the later
part of 2015. This was a clear display of conflict between the interests at state level
(i.e. Turkey and the EU agreed on a scheme) and individual level (i.e. refugees did
not want to stay in Turkey). A more recent incident came after a shift in Italian
cabinet towards extreme right wing: rescue boats were refused and directed towards
Spanish coast (i.e. a clear conflict between EU policies and Italian interpretation).
Despite the fact that this edited book was not conceived as a set of cases to exhibit
conflicts in migration policy across borders, it turned out a good collection of
chapters critically discussing such cases.
In the first chapter titled “Humanitarian Securitization of the 2015 “Migration Crisis”:
Investigating Humanitarianism and Security in the EU Policy Frames on Operational
Involvement in the Mediterranean”, Stepka investigates the process of the so-called
SIRKECI, CASTRO, SÖZEN
6
humanitarian securitization, focusing on dynamics between humanitarian and
security-oriented rhetoric and policy actions embedded in the EU policy frames
produced in response to the 2015 “migration crisis”. Looking at the Mediterranean
borders of the EU, the author focuses on the nature of the humanitarian framing
of the crisis within the EU policy discourse and its relation to the development of
operational and militarized responses to increased migratory flows.
Kreienbrink also focuses on the “refugee crisis”, in the second chapter titled
“Restriction, Pragmatic Liberalisation, Modernisation: Germany’s Multifaceted Response to the
“Refugee Crisis”. He outlines the German political, legislative and administrative
reactions to the "refugee crisis" in 2015 and 2016 and traces expected outcomes of
a series of restrictive regulations. The author also comments and analyzes some
liberal regulations the country developed in the area of integration, as well as some
administrative modernizations occurred lately in Germany.
The following chapter by Günther, titled “Communicating Refugees and Human
Rights: the German Government’s Assessment of the Role of the European Court of Human
Rights” expands the critique to European level as she investigates the German
government’s assessment of the role of the European Court of Human Rights
concerning matters of asylum and refugee policy. Through a qualitative analysis of
30 documents released by the German government including transcripts of press
conferences, interviews, op-eds, speeches, legislative drafts, reports, and
information material, Günther presents and discusses some of the characteristics
and contexts of the extracted statements about the ECtHR and/or its judgments.
Olejárová, in her chapter titled “Solidarity vs. Sovereignty: Perspective on the Slovak
Foreign Policy Reactions to the Migration Crisis” reflects on the so-called “migration
crisis”. She evaluates legal and political implications of the Slovak government’s
foreign policy reactions to the “migration crisis”. She offers an informative account
of the Slovak Republic’s position on the migration crisis and the EU solutions with
reference to the mandatory quota system and the deal with Turkey.
The European asylum procedures and integration challenges are revisited in the
remaining chapters. Kakosimou’s chapter titled “Asylum under Pressure: International
Deterrence and Access to Asylum” explores the ways in which the EU States’ deterrence
strategies fail to conform with States' obligations under International Human
Rights Law, especially because they prevent refugees from having access to asylum.
When referring to the EU’s migration policy in relation to third countries,
Morawska, in the following chapter titled “Legal and Circular Migration in the European
Union Mobility Partnerships”, examines the mobility partnerships, which aim at
promoting legal migration to the EU, including circular migration. She examines
the already signed mobility partnerships and also tries to show to what extent these
measures support legal migration within the region.
Psoinos’ and Rosenfeld takes us into the integration debate with their paper
titled “Developing the Understanding of Migrant Integration in the EU: Implications for
Housing Practices”. They examine how the concept of migrant integration has been
theoretically developing in social sciences and suggest applying this new
conceptualization to assessing and improving housing practices in Europe. The
authors underline that housing issues as part of the integration debates have been
INTRODUCTION
7
an understudied topic. Therefore, they believe that reviewing and critically
discussing the evolution of the concept of migrant integration could also trigger
more well-informed housing policies and practices for migrants.
The last chapter by Chasapopoulos, van Witteloostuijn and Boone empirically
examines the impact of international migration on political outcomes in the
Netherlands. In their article, the authors investigate how the stock of immigrants
and the immigrant inflows to Dutch municipalities affect the electoral support for
the radical right parties of the country. They reveal several interesting findings,
including that the share of second-generation immigrants negatively affects anti-
immigrant votes, and also that increasing immigrant inflows have a positive and
statistically significant effect on voting for radical right parties.
We hope this book will be of use and enhance audience’s understanding of
political and legal challenges regarding migration in Europe and possibly elsewhere.
We have been fortunate enough to have genuinely committed colleagues who
contributed to this book. We would like to thank our authors, reviewers and our
team that, despite a tight schedule and several parallel projects, have always enabled
us a very friendly and pleasant working environment.
8