An updated and annotated checklist of the subfamily Prioninae of the family Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) occurring in China is proposed, with the list of all provinces where each species is recorded. This work is based on a vast bibliographical study and on examination of specimens present in various collections from scientific institutions and from private entomologist amateurs. The Prioninae fauna of China is nowadays composed by 102 taxa (species and subspecies) and this number includes the species Anomophysis elongata Quentin & Villiers, 1981, firstly being reported from China in this paper. New provinces records were also provided for Aegolipton marginale (Fabricius, 1775), Aegosoma katsurai (Komiya, 2000), Baralipton maculosum Thomson, 1857, Casiphia (Casiphia) inopinata Hüdepohl, 1998, Dorysthenes (Paraphrus) granulosus (Thomson, 1861), Eurypoda (Eurypoda) nigrita Thomson, 1865, Anomophysis hainana (Gressitt, 1940) and Rhaphipodus fruehstorferi Lameere, 1903. The occurrence of Nepiodes sulcipennis (White, 1853) in China is confirmed after recent collects in Yunnan province. Additionally, nine doubtful species previously reported from China namely Aegosoma scabricorne (Scopoli, 1763), Baralipton severini (Lameere, 1909), Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) huegelii (Redtenbacher, 1848), Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) zivetta laosensis Gressitt & Rondon, 1970, Dorysthenes (Prionomimus) elegans ishigakiensis Ohbayashi, 1981, Mesoprionus asiaticus (Faldermann, 1837), Psilotarsus hirticollis Motschulsky, 1860, Rhaphipodus gahani Lameere, 1903 and Spinimegopis nipponica (Matsushita, 1934) are discussed and have been presently excluded from the Chinese fauna. For the first time, the 28 genera and 7 subgenera composing the Chinese Prioninae fauna are all illustrated in color.