Anomalous Heat Burst by CNZ7 Sample and H-Gas

Abstract

This presentation reports new experimental finding of anomalously large heat burst (ca. 3 kW for 100s) event by H-gas charging with Cu-Ni/zirconia nano-composite powder, at elevated temperature. The nano-powder does not use precious metal as Pd, and high thermal power generation by light-hydrogen (H-gas) seems realistic. We expect, it will be a break-through toward application of portable clean high energy density devices.

Full text

Anomalous Heat Burst by
CNZ7 Sample and H-Gas
Toyoshi Yokose2, Akito Takahashi1,
Koh Takahashi1, Yuichi Furuyama2
1 Technova Inc., 100-0011 Japan,
2Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 658-0022 Japan
To be presented at JCF19 Meeting, Nov. 9-10, 2018, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
1Yokose JCF19

Repeatability of anomalous heat effect (AHE) by the interaction of nano-composite CNZ
(Cu1Ni7/zirconia) sample1,2, and H-gas at 200- 300 degree C RC (reaction chamber) condition was studied.
In this paper, we report a large heat burst (ca.130 Wpeak by oil-flow calorimetry) event by CNZ7sample
(ca. 1kg, Cu1Ni7/Zirconia) and H-gas interaction under elevated temperature.
CNZ7sample was made by calcination (450 deg C x 60hr) of melt-spun ribbons. CNZ7sample of 1137g
with 1mm diameter zirconia filler of 439g was set in the reaction chamber (500 cc) of Kobe-U MHE
calorimetry system2.The sample was first baked at round 300-500 degree C of RC temperatures (monitoring
by 4RTDs) for a week and cooled down to room temperature (25 deg C). The #1-1 RT (room temperature)
run with H-gas feed was done in aday to have H-loading ratio of 0.35 H/Ni and heat of ca.20Wx2hrs (124
kJ).Next run #1-2 under elevated temperature was started with [W1, W2] =[120, 80] W heating condition.
After ca. 90 min of ET-run start, we suddenly observed large heat burst event; Temperature at about middle
height (by RTD4) of RC increased from 210 deg Cto 475 deg C. And ca.130 Wpeak-heat power by
coolant-oil outlet temperature (TC2) of 350 degree C(increased from 237 deg C) with ca. 0.8 MPa pulse
increase of RC gas-pressure (Pr). The pulse pressure increase was quickly transferred to ca. 4000 cc H-gas
storage chamber (SC) at room temperature. Pressure increase in SC was 0.17 MPa by the event, which
corresponded ca. 0.19 H/Ni decrease from sample, namely desorption of H-gas from the sample.Total
released heat by the burst was ca. 365 kJ. Strange oscillatory behavior of TC4(at RC gas outlet) was
observed, which looks corresponding to the Iwamura observation1of frequent heat and pressure spikes
observed by CNZ5 and CNZ6samples, as well as similar oscillatory fluctuation of TC4 temperature in #1-2
run of PNZ6rr sample (Takahashi et al, this meeting).
Abstract
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Water formation (by H2+O) in RC did not seem to occur, due to transferred H-gas to SC at room temperature
(if H2O vapor moved to SC, it should condensate to liquid at 25 deg Cto decrease SC pressure). Amount of spent
H-atoms by the heat burst event was therefore very much smaller than 0.54 mole, namely invisibly small to
suggest non-chemical nuclear-like reactions.
Specific energy of reaction seems very much larger than 6.5 eV/H-transferred.
From the rise time data of RTD4, TC2 and Pr for the heat burst, we conclude that the main part of heat pulse
occurred in ca.100s and real peak power was ca.3 kW.
After the heat burst event, small (2-3 W) excess power level sustained for a day.Then we increased the H-gas
pressure of SC to ca. 1.0MPa to feed to RC with [120, 80] W heating condition; we then started to observe rather
slow H-absorption with significant endothermic condition. After saturation of H/Ni ratio, we increase RC
temperature to seek weeks-sustaining excess thermal power (ca. 12-14W in earlier weeks).
References:
1) Yasuhiro,Iwamura, Takehiko Itoh, Jirohta Kasagi, Akira Kitamura, Akito Takahashi, Koh Takahashi;
Replication Experiments at Tohoku University on Anomalous Heat Generation Using Nickel-Based Binary
Nanocomposites and Hydrogen Isotope Gas, Proc. ICCF20, JCMNS 24,191-202,2017
2) Akira Kitamura, Akito Takahashi, Koh Takahashi, Reiko Seto, Takeshi Hatano,Yasuhiro Iwamura, Takehiko
Itoh, Jirohta Kasagi, Masanori Nakamura, Masanobu Uchimura, Hidekazu Takahashi, Shunsuke Sumitomo,
Tatsumi Hioki, Tomoyoshi Motohiro, Yuichi Furuyama, Masahiro Kishida, Hideki Matsune;Excess heat
evolution from nanocomposite samples under exposure to hydrogen isotope gases, Int. J. Hydrogen
Energy, 43 (2018)16187-16200 3Yokose JCF19

Melt-Spinning/Oxidation Process for Making Sample
Amorphous ribbon
alloy
alloy
High speed Cu-rotor Calcination 450°C Nano-metal/zirconia
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Reaction Chamber (500 cc), filler + sample and temperature sensors
TC4
TC2
TC6
H-gas inlet
439 g
1137g
439 g
1137g
CNZ7
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Schematic of the C1calorimetry apparatus of Kobe-U MHE System
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Run Procedure of CNZ7 Sample with H-Gas Charge, for One Month: CNZ7#1-N runs
(W1, W2)
(0,0)
Burst Event
Hump
Wex =0; (140,95)
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•CNZ7 sample was made by calcination (450 deg C x 60hr)
of melt-spun ribbons.
•CNZ7 sample of 1137g with 1mm diameter zirconia filler
of 439g was set in the reaction chamber (500 cc) of Kobe-U
MHE calorimetry system2.
•The sample was first baked, under evacuation, at round
300-500 degree C of RC temperatures (monitoring by 4
RTDs) for a week and cooled down to room temperature
(25 deg C).
•The #1-1 RT (room temperature) run with H-gas feed was
done in a day to have H-loading ratio of 0.35 H/Ni and heat
of 124 kJ. See detail in Appendix 1.
7Yokose JCF19

•Next run #1-2 under elevated temperature was started with [W1, W2]
=[120, 80] W heating condition, using constant power supplies.
•Coolant-oil flow rate was controlled to be 18.4 cc/min (same with that of
control run Z4cp using constant power supplies).
•After ca. 90 min of ET-run start, we suddenly observed large heat burst
event; 365 kJ heat pulse
•Temperature at about middle height (by RTD4) of RC increased from
210 deg C to 475 deg C.
•And ca. 130 W peak-heat power by coolant-oil outlet temperature (TC2)
of 350 degree C (increased from 237 deg C) with ca. 0.8 MPa pulse
increase of RC gas-pressure.
•Rapid rise of RTD4 temperature, before RC pressure Pr rise
•Main part of heat burst occurred in ca. 100s with ca. 3 kW peak power.
ET (elevated temperature) Runs
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Raw data of anomalous heat burst event by CNZ7 and H-gas at elevated temperature:
From 18:30, endothermic H-absorption re-starts, after oscillation of TC4: Plot every 5s
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Raw Data around Heat Burst Event
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12
∆Tvs. W= W1+ W2: calorimetry calibration curve by zirconia sample run
( for corrected oil flow rate 18.4-ccm and constant power supply mode)
For TC2-TC6
RT: 1.53 deg C/W
ET(>250 deg C):
0.85 deg C/W
For RTDav-TC6
RT: 1.47 deg C/W
ET(>250 deg C):
1.0 deg C/W
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Heat Rise (△T=265°C) starts ca. 15 min before Pressure Spike
265°C
15 min
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Ca. 110°C rise (ca. 130 W) of TC2 (coolant outlet temp.) with delay by calorimetry response
Rise times: ca. 100s for RTD4, TC2 and Pr; (Data are plotted in every 5 s): at burst
Time-constant of TC2 indicial response of calorimetry is ca. 60min, so that 100s is too short!
Consequently, we conclude occurrence of impulse heat with big peak power (ca. 3 kW)!
14
Blank run eq. level
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Comparison between CNZ7#1-2 burst and CNZ7#1-8
(No burst was seen by the 4th [120,80] run CNZ7#1-8)
TC2 temperature (deg C)
Time (h: min)

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Time (h: min)
Wex (W)
Excess Power of Heat Burst, by TC2 (plotted in every one minute)
Rise Time is too steep cf. 60 min time constant of calorimetry
Integrated Heat = 365 kJ

Why TC4 has plateau and Oscillatory Change?
Pressure Spike at RC has transferred quickly to SC!
17
Yokose JCF19

H-gas balance at anomalous heat burst and integrated heat
•SC/RC volume ratio = 3700/300 = 12.3
•At pressure equilibrium (Ps = Pr), most H-gas locates in SC.
•Equilibrium reaches in ca. few minutes by SNV dial 4.12.
•Pressure spike (1.08 MPa at peak) gas moved quickly to SC to increase SC pressure from
0.32 MPa to 0.486 MPa, which was sustained constant for ca. 6 hours.
•Transferred Gas by the heat burst is ca. 0.27 mol-H2; namely 0.54 mol-H. (Desorbed H
amount from CNZ7; 0.19 H/Ni)
•If H2 + O → H2O + 2.96 eV (143 kJ/mol-H), H2O vapor in SC should have condensed to
liquid and caused SC pressure decrease. This has never happened.
•Integrated heat by the burst is ca. 365 kJ. If it were H-desorption energy (exothermic),
650 kJ/mol-H (= 6.5 eV/transferred-H)
•In the burst event, RTD4 temperature started to rapidly increase before the RC gas pressure
spike: Heat before desorption!
•From the rise time of RTD4, TC2 and Pr for the heat burst, we conclude that the main part
of heat pulse occurred in ca.100s and real peak power was ca.3 kW.
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Heat Burst looks occurred in the upper zone of RC and
heat propagated downward
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Why did TC4 temperature make plateau around 140 degree C?
•H-absorption by CNZ7 is endothermic in 140-250 degree C. (Appendix-2)
•TC4 locates at the H-gas inlet point of RC, that is on the upper flange center
of RC.
•Powder density of CNZ7 is so high that H-gas penetration from top to
bottom takes time and H-gas pressure gradient in RC might be steep
vertically.
•Above conditions may induce very localized endothermic H-absorption near
H-gas inlet region, in the early time phase of H-gas feeding to RC. Due to
endothermic H-absorption, TC4 temperature becomes some what lower than
oil outlet temperature TC2 or TC1 and keeps flat evolution until local H-
absorption will saturate.
•After local H-saturation of CNZ7 sample, nuclear events like 4H/TSC WS
fusion may be locally enhanced to heat upper sample region of RC. This
leads to heat burst in the upper region of RC.
20Yokose JCF19

Strange Oscillatory Temperature Evolution
•Strange oscillatory behavior of TC4 (at RC gas outlet) was
observed.
•It seems corresponding to the Iwamura observation1of
frequent heat and pressure spikes observed by CNZ5 and
CNZ6 samples,
•as well as similar oscillatory fluctuation of TC4 temperature
in #1-2 run of PNZ6rr sample (Takahashi et al, this meeting).
•Smaller scale local heat bursts may continue as local
saturation of H-absorption goes down in RC.
21Yokose JCF19

Summary
•Anomalous heat burst with ca.130W peak power and ca. 365kJ was
observed by CNZ7 sample under elevation of temperature. Heat pulse
occurred in ca. 100s with ca. 3 kW peak power.
•It happened in the upper zone of RC when local H-absorption looked
saturated.
•Strange oscillatory evolution of temperature was observed at gas-outlet/inlet
point of RC, which may be same phenomena as Iwamura et al reported first
at ICCF20.
•H-absorption at elevated temperature by CNZ7 is endothermic and has got
near-saturation state in a few days.
•After saturation of H-absorption, sustaining excess power in earlier weeks
was observed with 12-14W. Small hump with 19W excess was observed by
re-filling H-gas of ca. 0.16 MPa into RC. (See Appendix-2)
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Apendix1; Data of RT (room temperature)
•Feeding of 1.05 MPa x 3700 cc H2 gas to RC with ca. 1kg
CNZ7 (Cu1Ni7/ZrO2) powder sample
•Heat of 124 kJ by H-absorption
•H-loading ratio: H/Ni = ca. 0.35
•Specific H-absorption energy = ca. 1.2 eV (considerably large
in usual sense of H-absorption !)
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Initial Baking of CNZ7 sample: Higher RC temperature was adopted
RC gas pressure Pr (kPa)
Pr
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Room Temperature (RT) run by H-gas charging from SC (Ps) to RC (Pr)
Ps
Pr
Pressure (MPa)
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Thermal Power Data of RT run by H-absorption
Integrated Heat = 124 kJ
Power (W)
Time (h:min)
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Appendix 2; Supplementary Data at ET
(elevated temperature) Runs
•Behavior of local temperatures in RC, by RTDs
•Comparison of evolution data between H-pressure burst and
local temperatures
•Data after the heat burst (#1-4, #1-8, #1-9)
•Comparison of #1-2 heat burst data and #1-4 and #1-8 data
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Raw data of anomalous heat burst event by CNZ7 and H-gas at elevated temperature
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SC
Ps
RC
Pr
Reaction Chamber
500 cc
Net Volume with sample: 300 cc
H-Gas Storage Chamber
3700 cc; at 25 degree C
Stop Valve
Super Needle Valve
Fig. Gas Balance Scheme of Kobe-MHE System
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No clearly correlated counts of neutron and gamma-ray were observed, at heat burst
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Endothermic H-Absorption
Wex=0; [120,80]
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Endothermic H-Absorption
Wex: 9-12W
Wex=0; [140,95]
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Wex=0; [140,95]
Wex: ca.14W Hump: Wex = 19W
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RT-
data:
PZ
PS
PNZ
HT-data:
CNS
PNZ
CNZ
Technova-Kobe Data of AHE
Ragone Plot
36
Our data inserted into
the original;
http://www.networkwor
ld.com/article/2824558
/
CNS, PNZ, CNZ: AHE level is over 1,000 times of gasoline
CNZ7
Burst
Yokose JCF19