The aim of our research was to understand what factors shape the use of PTD, how it actually is justified in practice and whether these justifications are convincing in the light of the two basic human rights guarantees. The study was conducted in seven countries: Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Germany (DE), Ireland (IE), Lithuania (LT), the Netherlands (NL) and Romania (RO).
From a comparative and
... [Show full abstract] European point of view we wanted to understand in how far the comparable normative approach serves as explanation for comparable practices or how differences could be explained. This resulted in our main research question “Is PTD in practice used as a means of last resort (ultima ratio) in the participating countries?”