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Grafting of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) on various Oak (Quercus sp.) species as a rootstocks

Authors:
  • Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food – Skopje

Abstract

Shortening the production period of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) grafted plant material has been investigated. The aim of the research is to use oak as a rootstock, since its tolerance to high levels of calcium carbonate in the soil, to made plant material for raising chestnut orchards less dependent from the soil characteristics. As epibiont were used samples from the chestnut population, located in the north - facing slope of Mountain Vodno, Skopje area, R. Macedonia, while as hypobiont were used germinated seeds from three oak species: Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and Macedonian oak (Quercus troјana Webb.), from Skopje Botanical garden as trees associations. Two methods of chestnut nut grafting is studied: inverted radicle grafting and classical nut grafting. As the most appropriate rootstock for grafting in both investigated methods has proved the Quercus troјana. The inverted radicle grafting method provide better results, according to the grafting acceptance percent and also according to the growing and development of the grafted units. Key words: Castanea sativa Mill., Quercus trojana Webb, Quercus coccifera L, Quercus cerris L, nut grafting, inverted radiclet grafting, grafting acceptance, soil.
... Chestnut belongs to the Fagaceae family (Liu et al., 1988), which spreads in the Asian, European, and American continents of the Northern Hemisphere and partially in South America. The major chestnut-producing countries in Europe are Türkiye, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France (Markovski et al., 2014). ...
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Chestnut is an economically important tree because of wood and nut production, which is usually found in warm-temperate species, especially Mediterranean region. The fruit of chestnut is a good antioxidant source besides being rich in vitamin C. Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a natural chestnut species in Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate grafting time and grafting method for two chestnut cultivars (Marigoule and Erfelek) collected from the Western Black Sea region. Two different varieties (Marigoule and Erfelek) and three different grafting methods (chip budding, tongue, and cleft) were applied in different environments (in the hoop house and open field) for six months (December, January, February, March, April, and July). Analysis of variance was used for the grafting trials which was established and applied in the factorial trial design. Results showed that grafting success in the hoop house was twice as high in the open field, and the tongue was the most successful grafting method in all months except July. However, chip budding was observed as the most successful method in July. The highest grafting success was achieved in February, followed by July. According to the obtained results, Marigoule (C. crenata x C. sativa) cultivars were more successful than Erfelek cultivars. Marigoule cultivar’s success rate was 86% for the tongue method in February at hoop house. In July, 83% grafting success was achieved.
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