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P absorption and removal mechanism of new Salix clone (A42)on eutrophic water with different P concentrations
Abstract
Phosphorus is the necessary element for plant growth, and its concentration is one of the main indices for water eutrophication. Hence, it is significant to understand how woody plants purify phosphorus in eutrophic water. The purpose of this study is to reveal the P absorption and removal mechanism of Salix matsudana in eutrophic water with different P concentration. We selected new S. matsudana clone (A42) as experimental material and set three levels of P concentration (low P: 0.1, 0.2 mg·L-1; medium P: 1.0, 2.0 mg·L-1, high P: 10.0 mg·L-1), and the floating bed hydroponic experiment was conducted at the greenhouse from July to September, 2017. We found that S. matsudana efficiently removed P in water (removal rate >79% in 21 days). There was a positive correlation between the removal quantity and P concentration in the water. The removal ratio rose at first and then fell with increasing P. Owing to the purification of S. matsudana, the P concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg·L-1 to 1.0 mg·L-1 were reduced to minimum threshold concentration of eutrophication (0.016-0.032 mg·L-1) in seven days. The percentage of phosphorus input in water that assimilated by S. matsudana ranged from 29.0% to 66.9%. The quantity and ratio of assimilated P were respectively positive and negative relation with P concentration. Salix matsudana adapted to eutrophic water with different P concentrations and normally grew during experiment period, with root-shoot ratio being significantly increased with decreases of water P concentrations. The characteristic of phosphorus distribution in plant organs was: stem> leave>root, while the translocation factors (TF) of nitrogen and phosphorus were both greater than 3. When S. matsudana grew in eutrophic water with high phosphorus concentration, the TF of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased to 4.53±0.24 and 4.92±0.62 respectively. Our results indicated that S. matsudanais could purify the eutrophic water and it could normally grow. New clone of S. matsudana could effectively absorb phosphorus in the water and accumulated it in the stem, which could reduce secondary pollution. In conclusion, S. matsudana could be used for a short-term treatment on the eutrophic water with low P concentration, while for the long-term treatment it is adapted to eutrophic water with high phosphorus concentrations.
Currently, the occupied and disturbed land area reached 3.393 million ha by mining, and of which forest land took 532,000 ha. The impact of mining on environment is multi-fold and deep. Thus, it is necessary and significant to approach the effective measure to speed up vegetation restoration in abandoned mined lands. Phytoremediation is a relatively new technology (within the last decade) and the numbers of plant species have been identified to accumulate high levels of heavy metals, which implies that phytoremediation is available, practical, and effective. Thereby, the main procedure of ecosystem restoration by the mean of phytoremediation in abandoned mined lands such as site preparation, species selection, planting techniques, maintenance and tending methods is discussed in the chapter.
From 1978 to 2017, the proportion of China’s agricultural added value to GDP fell from 28.2 to 7.9%, and the proportion of rural population in the total population fell from 82.1 to 41.5%. In the course of these two trends, some areas have also experienced problems such as agricultural shrinkage, rural dying, and population aging. In response to these problems, we must implement a rural revitalization strategy, make full use of local resources, and select suitable materials according to local conditions, promote village greening, make full use of idle land to carry out activities such as afforestation and wetland restoration, and build green ecological villages. According to the different conditions of the rural areas, the degree of population concentration of the village, and the scale of sewage generation, the combination of pollution control and resource utilization, engineering measures and ecological measures should be adopted according to local conditions to control pollution and improve the living environment. Eco-village is a form that focuses on the combination of production, life, and ecology. The development of eco-villages helps to achieve balanced development of economic, social, and ecological benefits and ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Generally spoken, it is conducive to the optimization and adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, overcoming the bottleneck of weak industries in rural areas, and broadening farmers’ income-generating channels. Also, it is conducive to protecting and improving the agro-ecological environment, shaping a good rural style, and improving the quality of life and overall quality of rural residential environment. Through rational planning and ecological construction such as wetland, garden, and shelterbelts, the pollution control reaches ideal effect and rural habitats are improved. Therefore, the development of eco-villages is an important way and an important mode to realize the transformation of agricultural growth mode, and is an important means to achieve rural revitalization.
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