Survey of EMF emitted by domestic appliances in Dhaka

Abstract

This research aims to explore if the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) released by numerous domestic appliances affects the people. There is a typical threshold value for electric and magnetic fields endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Electro-Magnetic Fields can instigate health risks to a living organism. There has been no such study performed in Bangladesh on domestic appliances. The data were collected from various home appliances in different locations in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Baridhara, Shyamoli, Mirpur, and Shakher tek. Both threshold values of electric and magnetic fields, as well as magnetic field values, were measured for several electrical and electronic appliances. Results obtained from magnetic field maximum values revealed that in numerous instances the magnetic field released from the various devices had exceeded the threshold limit.

Full text

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4976
SURVEY OF EMF EMITTED BY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES IN DHAKA
Munima Haque1, Md. Quamruzzaman2 and Shahina Haque2
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-Mail: munima.haque@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This research aims to explore if the electromagnetic fields (EMF) released by numerous domestic appliances
affects the people. There is a typical threshold value for electric and magnetic fields endorsed by the World Health
Organization (WHO). Electro-Magnetic Fields can instigate health risks to a living organism. There has been no such study
performed in Bangladesh on domestic appliances. The data were collected from various home appliances in different
locations in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Baridhara, Shyamoli, Mirpur, and Shakher tek. Both threshold values of electric and
magnetic fields, as well as magnetic field values, were measured for several electrical and electronic appliances. Results
obtained from magnetic field maximum values revealed that in numerous instances the magnetic field relea sed from the
various devices had exceeded the threshold limit.
Keywords: EMF, WHO, NIR, EF, MF.
INTRODUCTION
Ionizing radiation is the radiation of adequately
high energy to instigate ionization in the medium. It can
comprise a stream of high–energy particle (e.g., electron,
protons, alpha particles) or high-frequency
electromagnetic emission (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-
rays). Radiation which does not produce any ionization of
the passing medium is non-ionizing radiation (NIR).
Radiowave, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
are examples of NIR. Their energy is relatively low, only
triggering molecules to vibrate and stimulates heating
effects.
Human data from epidemiological studies,
including reported effects on cancer promotion, congenital
malformations, reproductive performance, and general
health, though somewhat suggestive to adverse health
effects, are not conclusive. Fields at radio frequencies
from 300 kHz to 300 GHz are measured in electric field
strength (V/m) and magnetic field strength (A/m). At
frequencies higher than 300MHz, power density (W/m2) is
usually used in hazard evaluation. Except for field far
from sources, both the electric field (EF) and the magnetic
field (MF) may have to be measured for a complete
specification. There is an unsubstantial report on the
effects of RF radiation on man and limited data on
reactions of animal unprotected to frequencies higher than
10 GHz and lower than 10 MHz; most animal research has
been carried out at frequencies near 3 GHz. People who
are working in the power sub-stations, radio and T.V.
transmitters should be cautious to protect their eyes and
should always maintain safeguarded space from the
transformers and panels, especially from the modulation
panel (Minimum 3 feet/ 90 cm). Since the magnetic field
is more detrimental than the electric field, there must be a
threshold both in the occupational and residential levels
between 0.2 to 0.3 µ T or 2.5 mG. (This value is
internationally documented as a standard limit in many
countries). Also, for the electric field, this value is 25V/m.
Nevertheless, for the person working at very high
frequency transmitting stations, safely protections, e.g.,
wearing of secured goggles, screened helmets and unique
clothing should be done. The length of exposure should be
kept minimum possible. The intensity of radiation in the
body should not surpass the recommended maximum limit
(10 mW/cm2, 195V/m in the U.S.A. and 0.1 mW/cm2, 20
V/m in CIS).
Nancy Wertheimer was the first scientist to
identify the connection linking magnetic fields and
childhood leukemia [1]. It is stated that high power
transmission lines [2-3], computer monitor, radio waves of
various frequencies in telecommunication, radar, satellite,
etc. also instigate damage to living organisms [4-5],
particularly in humans. It is known that high power
transmission lines cause human health risks. Also, there
are confirmations that the reason for suicide and clinical
depression are linked with the radiation from the power
lines [6-7]. A substantial fraction of miscarriage is
documented amongst women using electric blankets,
electric waterbeds and computer monitor. There are
instances that occupational hazards, e.g., Acute Myeloid
Leukemia (AML) may occur amongst the individuals
employed in the area of telecommunication. Also, it is
found that suppression of T- lymphocyte cell, cancerous
thyroid tumor, etc. may arise amongst the publics
unprotected to NIR. Small animals are informed to be very
sensitive to EMF. It is observed that animals, e.g., rats
build their (living offspring) holes away from the high
electric field and bees shield their hives in the chronic
presence of NIR/EMF. As a result, research communities
in developed countries have been conscious of the
consequences of NIR [8]. Their findings have given some
fantastic outcomes linking low-level alternating EMF with
grave health risks. It is alleged that the reason for Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) may have some link to
EMF. Also, there is proof that biological effect like
sensitive lymphocytes, disrupting DNA, immune
deficiency, the cellular breakdown is being influenced by
NIR.
There are some biological effects due to EMF
where these fields are higher than the naturally arising

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4977
electric and magnetic fields ~10-4 V/m and ~10-13 T
respectively [9]. EMFs could influence the creation of
agents (e.g., free radicals), which themselves can interact
with DNA or other agents that trigger chromosomal
damage, initiating translocation by prompting DNA breaks
or by the creation of abnormal DNA structures. Strains of
Salmonella uncovered to 15 or 30 mT magnetic fields at
0.3 Hz, 1-10 μT sinusoidal magnetic fields at 50 Hz
applied in 2 μs pulses or to a various range of radio
frequency and microwave fields exhibited no increase in
mutational frequency [10]. Fields (0.2 mT) at 60 Hz have
been informed to be mutagenic in Salmonella, causing a
14% increase in azide-induced mutations after 48 h
exposure [11]. Human lymphocytes uncovered to
sinusoidal 50 Hz, 60 Hz, or pulsed EMFs did not show
noticeable chromosomal variations or inhibition of DNA
repair mechanisms [10], [12-17]. Primary human
lymphocytes have been stated to display amplified
micronuclei formation when open to 75 or 150 μT fields at
32 Hz, but only when a parallel 42 μT d.c. field was
applied alongside to create the cyclotron and paramagnetic
resonance state for calcium [18], it increases in
chromosome defects in human amniotic cells unprotected
to an incessant or recurrent 30 μT sinusoidal field at 50 Hz
[19]. Uncovered to ionizing radiation, trailed by 60 Hz
magnetic fields as high as 1.4 mT, boosted the frequency
of near-tetraploid chromosome complements in human
peripheral blood lymphocytes [20], a result not observed
only with ionizing radiation. Adverse effects have been
seen in whole-animal reports: to escalate the frequency of
dominant lethal mutations in male mice was unsuccessful
with 50 Hz electric fields (20 kVm−1), and 60 Hz fields of
as much as 50 kVm−1 with magnetic fields as high as 1 mT
did not affect the frequency of sister chromatid swap in
mouse bone marrow [21-22]. Therefore, there are some
reports of positive EMF effects.
Some research has been accomplished in this
aspect. Epidemiological survey of public working in EMF
field unprotected from high frequency have been explored
[23]. Also, an epidemiological study was done on EMF
produced by photocopy machines in Dhaka [24]. A survey
was done on EMF by Laboratory appliances in Southeast
University laboratories in Bangladesh [25]. A case study
was done on EMF closeness to high voltage transmission
line [26]. A review was performed on NIR and its harmful
effects (mobile/cell and towers) [27]. An epidemiological
study was done on the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors
in Dhaka [28]. An investigation was performed in finding
the magnetic field emitted from various Lab equipment in
Textile Labs at Southeast University [29]. EMF was also
measured on Pharmacy Lab appliances in Southeast
University [30]. Magnetic Field measured from Electrical
equipment in Southeast University Bangladesh EEE
classrooms were performed [31]. The magnetic field from
electrical equipment in CSE laboratories and classrooms
of Southeast University, Bangladesh were done [32]. The
magnetic field from the lab and electrical appliances in
ETE laboratories in a private University in Bangladesh
were also measured [33]. EMF from cell phones used by
Southeast University students in Dhaka, Bangladesh was
also examined [34]. EMF produced from switchboards,
and air conditioners of another private University at Dhaka
in electrical and electronic engineering labs were also
computed [35]. An epidemiological survey has also been
performed on EMF produced by cell phones in Dhaka
[36].
There have not been many articles available on
EMF on domestic electrical appliances. The home
dwellers are being exposed to these appliances 12-24
hours per day. The objective of this effort is to save the
population who would be near to these and operating on
this equipment shortly from the destructive effects of
EMF.
METHODS
A Magnetic Science International MF meter
(Serial 624335) was used for computing the magnetic
fields for the lab equipment. A Coghill Field Mouse for
Biohazard Awareness was utilized for measuring the
threshold values for both magnetic and electric fields
around the equipment. Dr. Roger Coghill (UK) was the
designer of this equipment. The students completed the
tables for measuring the equipment. The data were
procured to cover all around the equipment.
RESULTS
All the readings were taken from numerous
domestic appliances from various locations in Dhaka city
Bangladesh. In Table-1, experimental data were collected
from multiple sites in Dhaka for micro-oven, water-heater
and table lamps.
Data were taken for five microwave ovens, five
water heaters, and 5 table lamps. The EF threshold
distance in front of the micro-ovens ranged between 38
and 65 cm, threshold distance at 45°angle from the frontal
surface ranged from 11 to 25 cm, Threshold distance at the
back of the instrument ranged from 26 to 48 cm, and
threshold distance at the top of the device ranged from 14
to 21 cm. The MF threshold distance in front of the micro-
ovens ranged between 17 and 34 cm, threshold distance at
45°angle from the frontal surface ranged from 4 to 12 cm,
threshold distance at the back of the instrument ranged
from 7 to 21 cm, while threshold distance at the top of the
device ranged from 8 to 17 cm. The EF threshold distance
in front of the water heaters ranged between 42 and 60 cm,
threshold distance at 45° angle from the frontal surface
ranged from 41 to 58 cm, threshold distance at the back of
the instrument ranged from 42 to 58 cm, and threshold
distance at the top of the device ranged from 42 to 58 cm.
The MF threshold distance in front of the water heaters
ranged between 12 and 27 cm, threshold distance at
45°angle from the frontal surface ranged from 12 to 26
cm, threshold distance at the back of the instrument ranged
from 11to 23 cm, while threshold distance at the top of the
instrument ranged from 10 to 21 cm. The EF threshold
distance in front of the table lamps ranged between 29 and
46 cm, threshold distance at 45°angle from the frontal
surface ranged from 11 to 16 cm, threshold distance at the
back of the instrument ranged from 14 to 28 cm, and
threshold distance at the top of the instrument ranged from

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4978
17 to 21 cm. The MF threshold distance in front of the
water heaters ranged between 5 and 8 cm, threshold
distance at 45°angle from the frontal surface ranged from
4 to 11 cm, threshold distance at the back of the
instrument ranged from 5 to 8 cm, while threshold
distance at the top of the instrument ranged from 5 to 7
cm. Figure-1 gives the EF and MF threshold distances
from those appliances, data from Table-1.
Table-1. Threshold Distances for electric and magnetic fields from micro-oven, water-heater, and table–lamp.
Instrument
Index
Threshold distance in
front of the
instrument (cm)
Threshold distance at
45angle from the
frontal surface
(cm)
Threshold distance
at the back of the
instrument (cm)
Threshold
distance at the top
of the instrument
(cm)
EF
MF
EF
MF
EF
MF
EF
MF
Micro Oven
1
59
21
20
7
37
18
17
11
2
47
20
19
8
40
18
19
14
3
65
34
25
12
48
21
21
17
4
38
17
11
4
33
7
17
8
5
43
23
17
12
26
13
14
8
Water Heater
1
42
13
42
12
43
12
42
10
2
57
27
57
19
58
17
57
19
3
41
12
41
13
42
11
42
10
4
57
21
57
21
58
22
58
19
5
60
26
58
26
56
23
58
21
Table Lamp
1
33
8
16
7
26
6
18
7
2
46
5
13
4
23
7
21
7
3
29
6
13
11
28
7
17
7
4
36
7
10
6
14
5
19
6
5
31
8
11
7
22
8
17
5
Figure-1. EF and MF threshold distances taken from the
center of the equipment for the various micro oven,
water heater, and table lamps appliance in Dhaka.
Data were taken from Table-1.
Table-2 shows electric and magnetic field
threshold distances from various television screens. The
television screens consisted of Philips (color, black &
white), Sony (color), National (color), and Tanin (color,
black & white) brands. The electric field threshold
distance in front of the table lamps ranged between 34 and
61 cm, threshold distance at 45°angle from the frontal
surface ranged from 76 to 132 cm, threshold distance at
the back of the instrument ranged from 85 to 130 cm, and
Threshold distance at the top of the instrument ranged
from 12 to 38 cm. The magnetic field threshold distance in
front of the water heaters ranged between 13 and 23 cm,
threshold distance at 45°angle from the frontal surface
ranged from 26 to 76 cm, threshold distance at the back of
the instrument ranged from 32 to 99 cm, while threshold
distance at the top of the instrument ranged from 9 to 27
cm. Figure-2 gives the EF and MF threshold distances
from those appliances, data from Table-2.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4979
Table-2. Threshold distance from various television screens.
Television / screen size
Threshold distance in front of
the screen, measured from
the center of the screen (cm)
Threshold distance at
450 angles from the
normal at the center of
the screen (cm)
Threshold
distance at the
back
( cm)
Threshold
distance at the
top
(cm)
EF
MF
EF
MF
EF
MF
EF
MF
Philips 24″ color
61
21
132
65
119
68
32
27
Philips 20″ color
48
20
113
63
122
62
28
25
Philips 24″ black & white
60
17
130
58
130
67
32
21
Philips 20″ black & white
39
17
107
56
112
99
28
23
Sony 20″ color
34
13
76
26
85
32
12
9
National 24″ color
36
15
98
42
108
43
13
12
Tanin 17″ color
37
21
103
76
120
78
25
23
Tanin 20″ black & white
48
23
85
68
103
98
38
17
Figure-2. EF and MF threshold distances taken from the center of the equipment
for various televisions in Dhaka. Data were taken from Table-2.
Table-3 shows electric and magnetic field
threshold distances as well as magnetic field values on
domestic appliances in a residential place at Baridhara,
Dhaka. Threshold distance in front of the instrument (cm),
threshold distance at 45oangle from the frontal surface
(cm), threshold distance at the back of the instrument
(cm), threshold distance at the top of the instrument (cm),
also magnetic field in front, back, 45O angle left and right
were measured. Microwave Oven, Mobile charger, Nokia
Model, Travel adaptor, Sony TV was measured for this
readings. Figure-3 gives the maximum MF values for
those appliances, data from Table-3.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4980
Table-3. Threshold distances for electric and magnetic fields and magnetic fields radiated from domestic
appliances from a residence in Baridhara, Dhaka.
Instrument
Threshold
distance in
front of the
instrument
(cm)
Threshold
distance at
45oangle
from the
frontal
surface (cm)
Threshold
distance at
the back of
the
instrument
(cm)
Threshold
distance at the
top of the
instrument
(cm)
Magnetic Field (mG)
Front
Back
At 450
Microwave Oven
(Just on) no load
30 cm (door)
30 cm
20 cm
70 cm
Body touch
874 (door)
200mG
LHS 170
center 140
RHS
Top
900
center
300 back
400
Mobile charger AC
3E/ME16 PCT
Input240V/100mA
(50-60Hz) output
5V/350mA Made in
China
15.4 cm
15.4 cm
10.5 cm
124
948
122
Nokia Model AC20E
Input 100-240V
Output 5V/750mA
100-240V/100mA
8 cm
8 cm
7.6 cm
8.9 cm
35
850
26
Travel adaptor
(Samsung) Model
ETAOU 80EBE
Input 100-
240V/0.15A Output
5V-1A/1000mA
Made in China
30 cm
30 cm
15 cm
9 cm
-
-
-
SONY (BRAVIA) 3
years old
2-3 cm
0
0
0
26 mG on
screen
-
-
Figure-3. Graphical representation of magnetic field
maximum values (mG) from Table-3.
Table-4 shows home appliances from a
residential area in Shyamoli, Dhaka. Television,
microwave oven, deep freezer, refrigerator, water heater,
hair dryer, IPS, switches were measured for this location.
Threshold distance in front of the instrument (cm),
Threshold distance at 45o angle from the frontal surface
(cm), Threshold distance at the back of the instrument
(cm), Threshold distance at the top of the instrument (cm)
and Magnetic Field (mG) Maximum values were
measured for these appliances. Figure-4 gives the
maximum MF values for those appliances. These data
were taken from Table-4.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4981
Table-4. Threshold distances for electric and magnetic fields and magnetic fields radiated from domestic appliances from a
residence in Shyamoli, Dhaka.
Instrument
Threshold
distance in
front of the
instrument
(cm)
Threshold
distance at
45oangle from
the frontal
surface (cm)
Threshold
distance at the
back of the
instrument (cm)
Threshold
distance at the
top of the
instrument (cm)
Magnetic field
(mG) maximum
Television Konka
25
36
35
10
31
Microwave Konka
24
29
27
20
990
Deep Freezer Walton
40
38
32
24
274
Refrigerator Singer
31
30
28
21
702
Water Heater
14
15
10
6
108
Hair Dryer
11
10
8
5
914
Switch 1
6
7
5
2
379
Switch 2
5
5
4
1
275
IPS
44
45
40
31
2
Figure-4. Graphical representation of magnetic field maximum values (mG) from Table-4.
Table-5 shows home appliances from a
residential area in Mirpur, Dhaka. Television, washing
machine, deep freezer, refrigerators, and electric iron were
measured for this location. Threshold distance in front of
the instrument (cm), Threshold distance at 45o angle from
the frontal surface (cm), Threshold distance at the back of
the instrument (cm), Threshold distance at the top of the
instrument (cm) and Magnetic Field (mG) Maximum
values were measured for these appliances at this location.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4982
Table-5. Threshold distances for electric and magnetic fields and magnetic fields radiated from domestic appliances
from a residence in Mirpur, Dhaka.
Instrument
Threshold
distance in front
of the
instrument (cm)
Threshold
distance at
45oangle from
the frontal
surface (cm)
Threshold
distance at the
back of the
instrument (cm)
Threshold
distance at the
top of the
instrument (cm)
Magnetic field
maximum value
(mG)
Refrigerator
Walton 2016
20
22
18
12
2
Refrigerator
MyOne
VIP-28(N)
Malaysia 2015
25
24
19
14
8
Deep Freezer
1986
45
46
37
29
4
Electric Iron
Philip, Comfort 216, 2000
33
32
27
22
12
Washing machine
Samsung
WA75K1 5.5 kg, 2003
23
25
21
17
5
Television My One,
Delux-21D1, 2015
40
38
29
25
12
Table-6 gives threshold values of EF and MF as
well as the magnetic field of home appliances taken from a
location at Shakhertek, Dhaka. Equipment info (Machine
#, Machine Model, made the country, year built, Date of
installation), Threshold dis. in front of the equipment
measured from the center of the equipment (cm), Magnetic
Field (µT) in front of the equipment, Threshold dis. at
right side of the equipment (cm), Magnetic Field (µT) at
right side of the equipment, Threshold distance at the left
side of the equipment (cm), Magnetic Field (µ T) at left
side of the equipment, and Magnetic Field maximum (µ T)
values were measured for these appliances. The appliances
measured were: Refrigerator, Energy bulb, Water
Refresher, Television, LED LG Split AC Remote, Nokia
charger, Charger-2, LG stereo Headset, Router, and
Microwave oven.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4983
Table-6. Threshold values of EF and MF as well as the magnetic field of home appliances taken from a location at
Shakhertek, Dhaka.
Equipment info.
(Machine #,
Machine Model,
made country,
year made, Date
of installation)
Threshold dis. in
front of the
equipment
measured from the
center of the
equipment (cm)
Magnetic
field
(mG) in
front of
the eqpt.
Threshold
dis. at the
right side of
the
equipment
(cm)
Magnetic
field
(mG) at
the right
side of
the eqpt.
Threshold
distance at
the left side of
the eqpt (cm)
Magnetic
field
(mG) at
the left
side of
the eqpt.
Magnetic
field
maximum
(mG)
EF
MF
EF
MF
EF
MF
SINGER
Refrigerator
SR4000SS
18
25
86
15
27
80
14
27
43
96
Energy bulb
TRANSTAC
27
60
147
23
55
132
20
51
131
183
Water Refresher
PURESIP
Taiwan
22
30
129
27
35
123
25
30
122
168
Television SONY
R510C1080P, LED
25
35
130
8
12
58
8
14
67
131
LG Split AC
Remote
6
15
16
5
13
14
3
11
10
19
Nokia charger
Asha 503 battery
charger
8
12
177
4
6
106
4
6
105
195
Charger-2
Huawei GR5 mini
battery charger
6
8
163
6
8
122
6
8
142
188
LG stereo Headset
6
12
129
4
10
23
4
10
146
156
Router
TP-LINK,
TL-WR841N
18
30
183
14
26
167
14
27
152
196
OVEN
Conion Bc 23EBv
microwave oven
25
35
170
15
25
156
12
25
144
191
Table-7 gives Threshold values of EF and MF as
well as the magnetic field (maximum values) of home
appliances taken from various cell phone chargers in
Dhaka. Eight different chargers were investigated:
Xiaomi, Nokia, Samsung, HTC, ASUS, Oppo, and
Huawei. The magnetic fields ranged between 12 mG to
233 mG. The highest magnetic fields were found for
Xiaomi brand charger with 233 mG, while the lowest was
for Nokia brand having a magnetic field of only 12 mG.
ASUS brand charger also was above 100 mG having 175
mG while Samsung model ETA3U30EBE showed
magnetic field value of 218 mG. Figure-5 data were taken
from Table-7 with magnetic field maximum values in mG.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4984
Table-7. Threshold distances for electric and magnetic fields and magnetic fields radiated from
cell phone chargers in Dhaka.
Charger name
Model
Input V
Output V
Magnetic field (mG)
Xiaomi
MDY-08-EF
100-240V
0.20 A
5V – 2A
233
Nokia
AC50E
100-240 V
0.20A
5V -1.3 A
12
Samsung 1
EIAOU10EWE
100-240 V
0.15A
5 V – 0.7 A
32
HTC
TCU250
100-240 V
0.20A
5 V - 1A
16
Samsung 2
ETA3U30EBE
100-240 V
0.15A
5 V - 0.7A
218
ASUS
PSM06K-050Q
100-240 V
0.25 A
5.2 V – 1.35 A
175
Oppo
S11C20
100 – 240 V
0.45 A
5V – 2.1 A
76
Huawei
HW-050100E01
100-240 V
0.20A
5V – 1 A
43
Figure-5. Graphical representation of magnetic field maximum values (mG) from Table-7.
DISCUSSIONS
It was found from the results that the magnetic
fields are considerably higher than the threshold limit. Due
to the type of wiring in the ceiling and floor, all the rooms
had a higher magnetic field than the threshold value. Most
of the places in residential locations are occupied by
members of the family including children and they get
exposed to the above threshold level magnetic fields. We
have in mind to include other places of Bangladesh for the
study to continue.
Possible risk to health can be produced either as a
consequence of the contact of the human body to NIR or
by interaction with technical devices, which are
themselves influenced by NIR, increasing health hazards
(interference with electro medical machines, accidental
activation of electrical detonator and explosion of
combustible ingredients). This is of concern if the persons
involved are not conscious of the possible risk to be
incapable of identifying it.
CONCLUSIONS
From the above results, it has been achieved that
in many cases the magnetic field has crossed a threshold
value. The electric field also has a higher threshold value
in some of the equipment. Also, the magnetic field
maximum exposure was over 200 mG in many cases.
Proper wiring should be carried out corresponding to the
building code 2012. It is hoped that this survey will be
helpful as a preventive measure for all of the people
residing in Dhaka so that more protective measures are
taken for future dwellings.

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4985
REFERENCES
[1] Wertheimer N. and Leeper E.D. 1979. Electrical
wiring configurations and childhood cancer.
American journal of epidemiology. 109(3): 273-284.
[2] Coleman M. and Bera V. 2005. A Review of
Epidemiological studies of the health effects of living
near or working with electricity generation and
transmission equipment. International Journal of
Epidemiology. 17(1): 1-13.
[3] Draper G., Vincent T., Kroll M. E. and Swanson. J.
2005. Childhood cancer in relation to distance from
high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a
case-control study. BMJ. 330: 2005.
[4] Al-Bareeq J.M. 1998. Health Risks of
Electromagnetic Field. Bahrain Medical Bulletin.
20(1): 1-2.
[5] Z. Ziang. Considering factors in Chinese EMF
standard. 2003. 3rd International EMF Seminar in
China: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects.
Guilin, China: October 13-17, 2003. [Retrieved on
22.4.2018] [http://www.who.int/peh-
emf/meetings/archive/en/proceedings_eng.pdf#page=
89]
[6] Van Wijngaarden E., Savitz D. A., Kleckner R.C., Cai
J. and Loomis D. 2000. Exposure to electromagnetic
fields and suicide among electric utility workers a
nested case-control study. West J Med. 173(2): 94-
100.
[7] Fernie K. J. and Reynolds S. J. 2005. The Effects of
Electromagnetic Fields from Power Lines on Avian
Reproductive Biology and Physiology: a Review.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part
B Critical Review. 8(2): 127-140.
[8] Repacholi M. H. 2003. An Overview of WHO's EMF
Project and the Health Effects of EMF Exposure.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-
Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN (ICNIR 2003),
Electromagnetic Fields and Our Health. 20 October
2003, p. 1-21, Geneva.
[9] Lacy-Hulbert A., Metcalfe J.C. and Hesketh R. 1998.
Biological responses to Electromagnetic Fields.
FASEB Journal. 12(6): 395-420.
[10] Nafziger J., Desjobert H., Benamar B., Guillosson J.
J. and Adolphe M. 1993. DNA mutations and 50 Hz
electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 30:
133-141.
[11] Tabrah F. L., Mower H. F., Batkin S. and Greenwood
P. B. 1994. Enhanced mutgenic effect of a 60 Hz
time-varying magnetic field on numbers of azide-
induced TA100 revertant colonies.
Bioelectromagnetics. 15(1): 85-93.
[12] Cadossi R., Bersani F., Cossarizza A., Zucchini P.,
Emilia G., Torelli G. and Francheschi C. 1992.
Lymphocytes and low-frequency electromagnetic
fields. FASEB J. 6(9): 2667-2674.
[13] Cohen M. M., Kunska A., Astemborski J. A.,
McCulloch D. and Pasekewitz D. A. 1986. Effect of
low-level 60 Hz electromagnetic fields on human
lymphoid cells: I. Mitotic rate and chromosome
breakage in human peripheral lymphocytes.
Bioelectromagnetics. 7(4): 415-423.
[14] Cohen M. M., Kunska A., Astemborski J. A.,
McCulloch D. and Pasekewitz D. A. 1986. Effect of
low-level 60 Hz electromagnetic fields on human
lymphoid cells: II. Sister chromatid exchanges in
peripheral lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Mutat. Res. 172(3): 177-184.
[15] Frazier M. E., Samuel J. E. and Kaune W. T. 1984.
Viabilities and mutation frequencies of CHO-K1 cells
following exposure to 60-Hz electric fields. 232nd
Hanford Life Sciences Symposium. 255–267,
Richland, Oregon, USA.
[16] Livingston K. L., Witt G. K., Gandi Chatterjee I., Witt
K., Roti Roti J. L. and Littlefield L. G. 1991.
Reproductive integrity of mammalian cells exposed to
power frequency electromagnetic fields.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 17(1): 49-
58.
[17] Rosenthal M. and Obe G. 1989. Effect of 50 Hz
electromagnetic fields on proliferation and on
chromosomal alterations in human peripheral
lymphocytes untreated or pre-treated with chemical
mutagens. Mutat. Res. 210(2): 329-335.
[18] Tofani S., Ferrara A., Anglesio L. and Gilli G. 1995.
Evidence for genotoxic effects of resonant ELF
magnetic fields. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 36: 9-13.
[19] Nordenson I., Mild K. H., Andersson G. and
Sandström M. 1994. Chromosomal aberrations in
human amniotic cells after intermittent exposure to

VOL. 13, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
4986
fifty hertz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 15:
293-301.
[20] Hintenlang D. E. 1993. Synergistic effects of ionizing
radiation and 60 Hz magnetic fields.
Bioelectromagnetics. 14(6): 545-551.
[21] National Radiological Protection Board. 1992.
Electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer: Report
of an advisory group on non-ionising radiation.
NRPB. 3(1): 1-138.
[22] National Radiological Protection Board. 1994.
Electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer:
Supplementary report by the advisory group on non-
ionising radiation. NRPB. 12(1): 77-81.
[23] Quamruzzaman M. and Haque M. 2012.
Epidemiological Survey of People Working in EMF
Field Exposed to High Frequency. Proceedings of the
Global Engineering, Science and Technology
Conference. 1-13. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 28-29
December.
[24] Haque M. amd Quamruzzaman M. 2015.
Epidemiological survey on effect of EMF emitted by
photocopy machines generally used in Dhaka city
Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology. 4(4): 92-100.
[25] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2015. Survey of
EMF emitted by Lab equipments in various labs of
Southeast University in Bangladesh for possible
preventive health hazards. IFRSA International
Journal of Electronics Circuits and Systems. 4(1): 26-
32.
[26] Quamruzzaman M., Haque M., Ahmed F. and Zaman
M.S. 2014. Effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF)
near high voltage transmission line: a case study.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics. 7(1): 66-68.
[27] Quamruzzaman M. and Haque M. 2014. Non Ionizing
Radiation (NIR), its harmful effects especially from
Mobile/Cell Phone and Towers. Southeast University
Journal of Science and Engineering. 8(1:2): 34-39.
[28] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2015. Survey on
Effect of EMF Emitted by CRT Computer Monitors
in Bangladesh. Universal Journal of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering. 3(5): 149-158.
[29] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2016. Survey of
EMF Emitted from Lab Equipments and Air
Conditioners in Textile Engineering Labs of Southeast
University in Bangladesh. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering. 4(3): 218-
222.
[30] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2015. Survey of
EMF emitted by Lab equipments in Pharmacy labs of
Southeast University in Bangladesh. International
Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology.
4(9): 13-17.
[31] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2016.
Measurement of Magnetic Field from Electrical
Appliances in EEE Classrooms of Southeast
University Bangladesh. Universal Journal of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 4(2): 51-56.
[32] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2016.
Measurement of Magnetic Field from Lab Equipment
in Computer Science and Engineering Labs of
Southeast University Bangladesh. International
Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Communication
Engineering. 1(1): 1-11.
[33] Quamruzzaman M., Haque S. and Haque M. 2016.
Measurement of Magnetic Field Emitted from Lab
Equipments and Electrical Appliances in ETE Labs of
Daffodil International University, Bangladesh.
International Journal of Advanced Research and
Review. 1(9): 47-56.
[34] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2016. Health
Effects of EMF Emitted from Cell Phones Used by
Students of Southeast University in Bangladesh.
Southeast University Journal of Science &
Engineering. 10(1): 28-38.
[35] Haque M. and Quamruzzaman M. 2017. Survey of
EMF Emitted From Air Conditioners and
Switchboards in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Laboratories of Southeast University Bangladesh.
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 17(2):
35-41.
[36] Quamruzzaman M., Haque M. and Haque S. 2017.
Epidemiological survey on effect of EMF emitted by
cell phones used in Dhaka city Bangladesh.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research. 8(8): 681-686.