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Abstract
Slopesaround the reservoir area may be damaged by strong earthquake or rainstorm and slide into the reservoir which can induce huge surge hitting on dams. In this paper, the surge generation and propagation process and the distribution pattern of impacts on dam's surface induced by landslide surge were studied using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The influences of particle space, initial falling velocity, water depth and slider width etc. on the surge wave height and impact pressure on dam surface were analyzed. The results show that the maximum wave height decreases with the increase of the width of the landslide mass, whereas the following wave amplitudes increase and intensity of impact pressure on dam surface increase; the amplitude of surge wave increases with the increase of initial falling velocity of landslide mass, whereas when it increases to exceed a certain extent, the intensity of impact pressure does not change obviously; the amplitude of the first surge wave height decreases with the increase of water depth of the reservoir, where the maximum impact pressure and its relative position to water surface are basically unchanged
... Researchers have explored the effect of impulse waves on slope pressure in a three-dimensional flume [15]. Other studies based on numerical simulations have focused on the dynamic pressure of solitary waves on dams [12,16]. Meanwhile, some have explored the impact pressure of impulse waves on curved and straight walls [17,18]. ...
Landslide-generated impulse waves of a mountain-river reservoir will endanger the dam body’s stability and the dam structure’s safety and even pose a significant threat to the property safety of downstream residents. Timely prediction of dam surface pressure is essential for dam safety assessment. The pressure distribution characteristics and variation law of the gravity dam surface under the impact of landslide-generated impulse waves are studied through a three-dimensional physical model test. The results show that the landslide volume and angle are the key control factors of the first wave amplitude in front of the dam. The maximum and minimum pressures are near the water surface and at two-thirds of the water depth, respectively. The maximum pressure has a power function relationship with the maximum amplitude of the wave in front of the dam. Furthermore, the maximum amplitude of the first wave in front of the dam significantly influences the total pressure of the single-width wave on the dam surface. Based on the research results, the single-width wave total pressure prediction method is constructed under different first wave amplitudes in front of the dam, which can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for dam safety assessment and landslide-generated surge risk assessment.
... Peng and Jiang 11 used the wave-current flume model test method to study the erosion and scouring of the spur dike body under the wave action of different water depths and wave heights to obtain the failure mode and failure mechanism of the spur dike under the act of landslide surge. Aiming at the impact of landslide surge on the spur dike surface in the reservoir area, Li et al. 12 used the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to study the generation and propagation process of the surge and the distribution form of surge impact pressure on the spur dike surface. Zhao 13 reviewed the effect of landslide surges on the inclined plate through the physical model test. ...
Combined with the physical model test of the force of landslide surge on the spur dike under the condition of water flow dynamics, this paper measures and analyzes the pressure distribution of the spur dike body, the wave pressure distribution along with the water depth, and the circumferential pressure distribution along with the near-surface layer, the middle layer, and a near-bottom layer of the upstream and downstream spur dikes of the river channel opposite the landslide entry point under the action of pure water flow and wave–current coupling, respectively. For the upstream spur dike, the maximum pressure is concentrated on the right side of the river slope of the spur dike body and the part of the backwater slope close to the spur dike head, that is, the position of the upstream slope; for the downstream spur dike, the pressure on the upstream slope and upstream slope of the spur dike head is the largest. Under the same test parameters, the pressure increase of the downstream spur dike is more significant than that of the upstream spur dike, and the downstream spur dike is easier to be damaged than the upstream spur dike.
River protection structures, especially spur dikes, play a vital role in the hydrodynamic and morphological changes in a river system. Since the earliest days, numerous studies have been carried out to understand the flow characteristics around spur dikes by varying the spacing between them, the length, the shape, the permeability, and the submergence. Despite several studies, knowledge of flow characteristics around spur dikes is still poorly understood, resulting in damages and failures worldwide. Furthermore, such failures get aggravated under extreme conditions like floods, land-slide-induced surges and tidal bores. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review paper provides a comprehensive account of relevant studies on the flow interaction and its characteristics in the vicinity of spur dikes during normal and extreme scenarios. Possible failure mechanisms with a detailed examination of scour in the proximity of spur dikes are deliberated. Suitable design features and international standards of various types of spur dikes are appraised through this comprehensive review. Furthermore, we also identified a number of research gaps that need immediate attention. This review paper, as a whole, provides concrete knowledge of the flow interaction with spur dikes and design components of spur dikes, thereby helping researchers to understand the advancement in the research area and providing hydraulic engineers with guidance for designing the spur field at a specific site based on the requirements.
A physical model experiment of flume block landslide was used to study the influence of landslide surge impact on underwater pipeline surface under different water depths. The influence of surge impact pressure on pipelines with different water depths and the impact pressure of surge at different angles of underwater pipelines wall were analyzed. And the relationship between the maximum impact pressure of underwater pipelines and the depth of water was obtained. The results indicated that with the decrease of the water depths, the maximum impact pressure at the wall of the underwater pipeline increases approximately linearly, and the slider is easier to form higher first wave height. The maximum impact pressure of the upper surface of the pipeline wall is greater than that of the lower surface of the pipeline wall under the same working conditions. It is also found that the smaller the depth of water, the larger the maximum pressure and average pressure at the measuring point would be and the greater the pressure fluctuation becomes when slider volume and landslide water inlet angle and speed remain the same.
Rocky landslides on river banks can result in the generation of ultra-high waves, which may destroy structures on the opposite bank. Existing methods to calculate the pressure on bank slopes under the effect of impulse waves generated by landslides are, however, few and of low precision. Therefore, in this study, a three-dimensional physical model test was conducted by taking into account factors such as landslide geometry parameters and the bank slope angle. The model test section was generalized on the basis of a certain section of the Three Gorges reservoir area as a prototype, after which the wave parameters and wave pressure acting on the bank slope were measured. Subsequently, the magnitude, acting point, and distribution of the pressure of the impulse waves generated by the rocky landslide upon the bank slope were determined. The distribution curve of the impact pressure was similar to that calculated using the CHиП II 57–75 formula, and the experimental pulsating pressure value was close to the value calculated using the Subgrade formula. Based on the test results, a power function of the relative pulsating pressure steepness with respect to the reciprocal of the wave steepness, relative water depth, and slope ratio was proposed. The acting point of the maximum pulsating pressure was found to be located near the still water level. Finally, an empirical formula for calculating the envelope of the maximum pulsating pressure distribution curve was proposed. These formulas can serve as a theoretical basis for the prediction of impulse wave pressure generated owing to landslides on bank slopes.
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