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The presence of dermatophytes in infected pets and their household environment
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to diagnose dermatophytosis in pets and investigate the presence of dermatophytes in their home environment. Samples from hair coat were collected from 70 pets: 47 dogs, 19 cats, three guinea pigs and one rabbit. After mycological culture, 188 samples were collected from the household environments in 26 homes: 78 from places were of predominantly used by the tutors, 66 from places used by the animals, 44 from flooring, and 24 samples from contactees. Samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, incubated at 25°C, and the colonies were identified by their macro-and-microscopic characteristics. Dermatophytes were found in 37.1% of the samples originating from the sick animals. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent species, isolated in 12 dogs and eight cats; Trichophyton quinckeanum in three guinea pigs, Microsporum gypseum in two dogs and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in one cat. Dermatophytes were found in 69.2% of the surveyed homes in 29,5% of the places/objects predominantly used by the tutors, 42,4% mainly used by the animals, 31,8% from floors, and 50% from contactees. The meeting of dermatophytes in animals and in the household environment confirms the possibility of transmission by direct or indirect contact and their importance in public health.
Keywords: public health, zoonosis, household environment, pets, dermatophytes.
... Assim, o agente causa uma doença infeciosa de difícil controle e erradicação 2,7,8, 11 . A propagação da dermatofitose pode se dar por contato direto com animais e/ou humanos infectados, ou indireto por meio do contato com esporos fúngicos, pelos infectados, ambiente e fômites contaminados, sendo assim uma doença altamente contagiosa 12- 14 . ...
A dermatofitose é uma infecção micótica superficial dos tecidos queratinizados como pelos, unhas e o estrato córneo da epiderme. Nos cães e gatos, esta enfermidade é comumente causada por fungos dermatófitos dos gêneros Microsporum, Nannizzia e Trichophyton que podem acometer quaisquer pacientes, sendo os filhotes, os animais idosos e imunocomprometidos os mais propensos. Embora seja uma doença altamente contagiosa, sua mortalidade é baixa e em alguns casos, pode haver remissão espontânea. A dermatofitose afeta cerca de 4-15% dos caninos e 20% dos felinos, sendo a principal infecção fúngica das espécies citadas. Além disso, a dermatofitose é uma antropozoonose que afeta cerca de 25% da população humana e está amplamente difundida pelos centros urbanos. Sabe-se que os cães e gatos são importantes carreadores da doença e que tanto os animais sintomáticos, quanto os assintomáticos, são capazes de transmitir os agentes entre si e para os seres humanos. Os portadores assintomáticos têm grande importância para disseminação da zoonose, devido à falta de informação e ao fato de não apresentarem lesões, o que aumenta os riscos de exposição em decorrência do estreito contato dos tutores com seus animais.
... Хроническое инфекционное заболевание у членов семьи началось со скрытого заражения домашних животных. В литературе есть и другие подобные сообщения [59,33,67,64]. Они демонстрируют, что тенденция к содержанию домашних животных и возможность бессимптомных инфекций у домашних животных влияют на растущую распространенность дерматофитий. ...
Актуальность: В дерматологической структуре заболеваемости грибковые болезни занимают второе место после пиодермий и составляют до 42% заболеваний кожи. Проблема дерматомикозов приобретает большую актуальность в связи с многообразием путей передачи возбудителей и их высокой устойчивостью во внешней среде, изменением иммунного ответа организма человека. Цель: Анализ научной информации по заболеваемости и видовому составу возбудителей дерматофитных инфекций кожи в различных регионах мира, а также их влиянию на качество жизни пациентов. Стратегия поиска: Поиск научных публикаций проводился в базах данных PubMed, Elsiever, Medline, в специализированной поисковой системе GoogleScholar Результаты: Дерматофитиями болеют около 25% населения земного шара, а гриб Trichophyton rubrum является основным возбудителем этой группы болезней. На севере и востоке Африки наблюдается преобладание T. violaceum, а в западных и центральных районах континента – T. Sudanense и M. audouinii. В Индии ведущими возбудителями грибковой инфекции кожи являются Trichophyton mentagrophytes и T. rubrum. В Европе онихомикоз чаще всего вызывают T. rubrum и T. Interdigitale, а дерматомикозе головы вызывают M. audouinii, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. soudanense и M. сanis. При персистирующей и рецидивирующей дерматофитии выявлено чрезвычайно большое и очень большое влияние на качество жизни, при этом страдали не только физиологические аспекты жизни больных, но и ухудшалось их эмоциональное и социальное самочувствие. У пациентов с грибковыми поражениями в области паховых складок и ягодичной области качество жизни ухудшилось в большей степени, чем в других местах. Выводы: Trichophyton rubrum является наиболее частым возбудителем, хотя частота инфекций, вызванных T. interdigitale и T. mentagrophytes, увеличивается в некоторых частях мира. Установлено значительное влияние персистирующих и стойких форм микозов кожи на качество жизни пациентов.
Background: In dermatological structure of morbidity, fungal diseases take the second place after pyoderma and account for up to 42% of skin diseases. The problem of dermatomycosis is of great relevance due to the variety of transmission routes of pathogens and their high resistance in the external environment, changes in the immune response of human body. Aim: Analysis of scientific information on incidence and species composition of causative agents of dermatomycoses in different regions of the world, and their influence on quality of life. Search strategy: The search for scientific publications was conducted in databases PubMed, Elsiever, Medline, GoogleScholar Results: About 25% of the world's population suffer from dermatophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum is the main causative agent. The predominance of T. violaceum is observed in the north and east of Africa, and T. Sudanense and M. audouinii predominate in the western and central regions of Africa. In India, the leading causative agents are Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. In Europe, onychomycosis is most often caused by T. rubrum and T. interdigitale, tinea capitis is caused by M. audouinii, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. soudanense and M. sanis. With persistent and relapsing dermatophytes, an extremely large and very large impact on life quality was revealed, affecting not only physiological aspects of patients' lives, but also their emotional and social well-being. In patients with lesions in the inguinal folds and buttocks, the quality of life worsened to a greater extent than in other sites. Conclusion: Trichophyton rubrum is the most common pathogen, although the frequency of infections caused by T. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes is increasing. A significant influence of persistent and resistant forms of dermatomycoses on life quality has been revealed.
Аурудың дерматологиялық құрылымында саңырауқұлақ аурулары пиодермадан кейін екінші орынды алады және тері ауруларының 42%-на дейін құрайды. Дерматомикоз проблемасы қоздырғыштардың берілу жолдарының әртүрлілігіне және олардың сыртқы ортаға жоғары төзімділігіне, адам ағзасының иммундық реакциясының өзгеруіне байланысты үлкен өзектілікке ие. Іздеу стратегиясы: Ғылыми жарияланымдарды іздеу PubMed, Elsiever, Medline дерекқорларында, GoogleScholar мамандандырылған іздеу жүйесінде жүргізілді. Мақсаты:Жер шарының әртүрлі аймақтарындағы дерматофиттік тері инфекцияларының қоздырғыштарының таралу жиілігі мен түрлік құрамы, сонымен қатар олардың пациенттердің өмір сүру сапасына әсері туралы ғылыми ақпаратты талдау. Нәтижелер:Жер шары халқының шамамен 25% дерматофитозбен ауырады, ал Trichophyton rubrum саңырауқұлағы осы аурулар тобының негізгі қоздырғышы болып табылады. Африканың солтүстігі мен шығысында T. violaceum, ал материктің батыс және орталық аймақтарында T. Sudanense және M. audouinii басым. Үндістанда терінің саңырауқұлақ қоздырғыштарының жетекшілері Trichophyton mentagrophytes және T. rubrum болып табылады. Еуропада онихомикозды көбінесе T. rubrum және T. interdigitale, ал бас сақинасын M. audouinii, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. soudanense және M. canis қоздырады. Тұрақты және қайталанатын дерматофитозбен науқастың өмірінің физиологиялық аспектілері ғана емес, сонымен бірге олардың эмоционалдық және әлеуметтік әл-ауқаты нашарлаған кезде өмір сапасына өте үлкен және өте үлкен әсер анықталды. Шап қатпарлары мен бөксе аймағында саңырауқұлақ зақымдануы бар науқастарда өмір сапасы басқа жерлерге қарағанда едәуір нашар болады. Қорытынды:Trichophyton rubrum ең көп тараған қоздырғыш болып табылады, бірақ әлемнің кейбір бөліктерінде T. interdigitale және T. mentagrophytes инфекциялары көбейіп келеді. Тері микоздарының тұрақты және тұрақты түрлерінің пациенттердің өмір сүру сапасына айтарлықтай әсері анықталды.
... Veterinary mycology has a very relevant importance in epidemiology since several groups of fungi and yeasts make up zoonotic diseases, such as malasseziosis, caused by Mallassezia furfur and M. pachydermatis, which mainly affects dogs, [48] but which occurs in other species, including wild animals, dermatophytoses caused by Microsporum sp. and Tricophyton sp, which affect dogs and cats, [49] sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix schenckii and mainly affects cats, [50] candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, which affects several types of animals, including birds, [51] and cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or by C. gattii, which cause fungal diseases in cats, dogs, birds and wild animals. [52] As they are zoonoses, these diseases can be transmitted to humans, who are more susceptible in conditions of immunosuppression, pregnancy, early or advanced age, or affected by other diseases. ...
The research and development of herbal medicines used in Veterinary Medicine are still incipient. The present study pursued the status of ethnoveterinary research in Brazil based on a narrative review of the literature. Medicinal plants, animals, and minerals are used to treat companion and production animals in urban and rural areas. In urban areas, using plants to treat infectious diseases and digestive problems in companion animals is frequent. In contrast, plants to treat livestock are accessed to control bacteria involved in cattle mastitis and pathogens involved in hemorrhagic enteritis in small ruminants, such as Haemonchus spp. Nonetheless, reports describing the use of animal tissues as fat, animal products as honey, and mineral products were described and commented on. Much has yet to be done in terms of systematizing ethnoveterinary in Brazil so that the therapeutic potential of the fauna and flora of Brazil can be accessed. Brazil has the most extraordinary biodiversity in the world, and it is the country that has enormous potential for the development of medicines obtained from natural sources to be used in veterinary, in addition to human medicine, despite being one of the most significant animal protein exporting countries. The One World, One Health concepts are fundamental to support the development of ethnoveterinary, to effectively contribute to building the necessary knowledge to sustain animal welfare, which is essential for the development of a sustainable world based on the preservation of natural resources associated with the promotion of global health.
... There are many scientific studies reporting that species, race and sex factors may be effective in cases of dermatophytosis among animal species or vice versa (Yokoi et al., 2010;Neves et al., 2018;Siğirci et al., 2019;Łagowski et al., 2019;Hanedan et al., 2021;Katiraee et al., 2021). Nonetheless, in the presented study, the results obtained when the post-treatment findings are handled separately for cats and dogs are seen in Table 2 and no statistical difference was observed between the data of the species (P>0.05). ...
Dermatophytosis is a mycotic disease of the skin that is resistant to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment efficacy of a novel antimicrobial agent, Hypochlorous Acid (HOCL), on dermatophytosis of cats and dogs, in comparison with Ketaconazole.
In this study, a total of 76 animals (26 cats and 50 dogs) without any disease other than skin fungal infection after clinical, hematological, biochemical, microscopic and Wood's lamp examinations were used. Subjects were randomly assigned to two equal treatment groups within their own species as HOCL: HP and Ketaconazole: KT. Naked eye inspection results were collected on the 8th, 11th and 15th days of all patients. The study was terminated on the 15th day by collecting the Wood's lamp and microscopic examination data together with the last inspection finding. Findings were analyzed statistically with chi-square and CART (Classification and Regression Tree) algorithm test.
Inspection results of the treatment groups exhibited significant recovery over time (day 8, 11 and 15) for both species (p0.05). According to the microscopic examination results, a significant statistical difference was observed between the HP and KT groups (p0.05).
As a result, it was concluded that HOCl has an effect on dermatophytosis of cat and dogs, although not as much as Ketaconazole, but further studies are needed to reveal the results more clearly.
... A few studies also showed that dermatophytosis occurs more often in female animals than in males (37,38). However, our findings revealed that the prevalence of 19.1% for dermatophytosis in the male dogs was significantly higher than 10.7% in the female dogs (OR=0.5080, ...
Background: Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a zoonotic fungal skin infection caused predominantly by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton spp. It is highly transmissible and, while normally self-limiting, could be problematic due to its potential to cause disease in certain human populations. The occurrence and associated risk factors of dermatophytoses in dogs presented at three veterinary clinics in Osogbo, and Ilorin, Nigeria between July and November 2019 were investigated in this study. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 325 dogs with lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis, selected by simple random sampling from three veterinary clinics in Osogbo and Ilorin, purposively selected for the study due to high patronage of the veterinary hospitals by dog owners. Using conventional mycological sampling techniques, plucked hairs and skin scrapings were obtained the dogs. The samples were emulsified in 10% potassium hydroxide, examined microscopically for fungal elements and cultured using standard mycological procedures. Information on dog demographic characteristics and risk factors for dermatophytosis were collected using structured questionnaire. The association between risk factors and demographic variables with the occurrence of dermatophytoses was determined using Chi-square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Positive cultures for dermatophytes were obtained from samples of 48 (14.8%) dogs with M. canis 37.5% (18/48), M. gypseum 27.0% (13/48) and T. mentagrophytes 8.3% (4/48). Other fungi identified were Aspergillus flavus 12.5% (6/48) and Malassezia canis 12.5% (6/48). The age distribution of positive dogs were < 1 year (50.0%, n=24), 1-3 years (29.2%, n=14) and > 3 years (20.8%, n=10), while the risk factors associated with dermatophytosis included sex of dogs (p=0.0428), history of dermatophytosis (p<0.0001), clinical presentation (p<0.0001) and lesion type, especially kerion and pustular lesions (p=0.0297). Conclusion: These findings established the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs kept for companionship (i. e., pets), security and breeding purposes in the two States in Nigeria. Our findings underscore the need for routine mycological investigations in dogs to facilitate early detection of cases and prompt institution of treatment interventions, thereby preventing zoonotic transmission of dermatophytes to their owners, handlers and veterinarians.
... The finding of this study reported that animals less than one year of age were the most affected, this observation is consistent with previous studies conducted by [24]. Increased vulnerably to dermatophytosis in young animals is attributed by a several factors involving lack of previous immunity, immune system immaturity and microtrauma in skin as ectoparasites or siblings as mentioned by [25]. ...
Microsporum canis is a keratinized skin fungus that causes diseases in animals, especially Cat and Dog. It is able to infected human causes Tinea capitis and Tinea corporis. The aim of this study is to isolate the dermatophytes fungi Microsporum canis and determine its frequency in cats and dogs in Baghdad / Iraq. A total of eighty hair and skin scrapings from cats (40) and dogs (40) were collected. For the culture; Saboruad dextrose agar was used. The Sex, Age, and Anatomical lesion of affected animals were taken into consideration. Cats have a prevailing isolation rate of 11/40 (27.5%). Female cats and dogs showed more frequently isolated rate at (4/7) 57.1% and (7/11) 63.63% respectively. Dogs and cat less than one year old had more M. canis Isolation rate at (4/7) 57.1% and (6/11) 54.54% respectively.
Dermatophytes are commonly encountered pathogens in clinical practice causing superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails. These pathogens are often found on animals such as livestock (e.g., cattle, rabbits) and pets (e.g., cats, hedgehogs) that can lead to spillover infections in human populations. Here, we reviewed published reports (2009–2024) of dermatophyte infections in animals and in humans with a history of animal contact. A literature search was completed in October 2024 using PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and Web of Science (Core Collection), which identified 250 articles. Generally, dermatophytes tend to infect younger animals with long hair and exhibit a species-specific host range. Microsporum canis was the most commonly reported species—linked to cats—that can cause tinea capitis, especially concerning the development of kerion in children. Trichophyton verrucosum is strongly associated with cattle. The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex shows a diverse range of animal hosts, with rabbits being most frequently reported; however, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei is almost exclusively isolated from hedgehogs, and T. mentagrophytes var. benhamiae is more commonly found on rodents (e.g., guinea pigs). Lastly, the geophilic Nannizia gypsea has been isolated from both dogs and cats. Managing dermatophyte zoonoses is an ongoing challenge, as healthcare providers may empirically treat with corticosteroids or antibacterial agents due to its atypical inflammatory appearance. Evidence of in vitro resistance against griseofulvin and fluconazole has been documented in multiple zoonotic dermatophyte species. Resistance development against terbinafine and itraconazole is also a possibility, although the number of reports is scarce. Under the principles of the One Health approach, research on human fungal diseases should take animal and environmental factors into account. A renewed call for increased testing efforts is warranted.
A dermatofitose é uma doença de etiologia fúngica, caracterizada por ser uma zoonose de elevado contágio. A transmissão se dá pelo contato direto com um animal infectado ou por meio do ambiente contaminado. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com os dados provenientes dos arquivos de um laboratório veterinário de patologia, situado em Jataí, Goiás. Neste laboratório é realizado a cultura para dermatófitos (Dermatophyte Test Medium - DTM), exame indispensável na confirmação do diagnóstico e na determinação do agente etiológico da doença. O estudo foi realizado objetivando a inter-relação entre o diagnóstico de dermatofitose com os fatores a saber: espécie fúngica isolada e dados dos pacientes como espécie, raça, idade e sexo e período do ano de ocorrência. Foi realizada a distribuição dos casos por setores da cidade, por meio de um estudo de georreferenciamento. Os dados resultantes indicam que o Microsporum spp. é o dermatófito mais frequentemente encontrado em cães e gatos na região de Jataí, Goiás, sem sazonalidade, e que gatos tem mais chances de desenvolver dermatofitose do que cães. Animais filhotes apresentam mais chances de desenvolver a doença quando comparados a adultos e idosos.
Introduction: Dermatophytosis is an uncommon fungal infection of hair and skin in the claw. The infection is caused by the invasion of the hair shaft and stratum corneum by Keratophilic fungi. Fungal skin problems in pet animals commonly occur in hot and humid climatic regions. Cats suffer from superficial dermatophytosis despite their licking and self-cleansing behavior. Case report: A two-month-old female desi-short hair domestic kitten weighing 1.2 kg body weight was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Kurumbapet, India, with a history of crusty patchy alopecic lesions on the rump and paw of the right forelimb for the past week in July 2022. The owner also reported generalized hair loss and scratching. Clinical examination revealed patchy circular dry lesions on the rump and the paw of the right forelimb. No abnormality was detected in the general appearance of the kitten. Behavioral habit was active, appetite and voiding habits were normal, popliteal lymph nodes were palpable, heart rate was 170 beats/minute, respiratory rate was 22 breaths/minute, rectal temperature was 101.8℉, and the conjunctival mucous membrane was pink. The pinna-pedal reflex was negative. Direct microscopy of the skin scraping sample revealed highly positive endothrix spores in the hair shaft. The smear prepared from the culture of the scrapings was stained with Lactophenol Cotton Blue, which confirmed the growth of ligamentous hyphae and mycelium of the dermatophyte, Microsporum spp. Hence, the case was diagnosed with superficial dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum spp. The kitten was successfully treated with itraconazole syrup (Felintra, Savavet, India) administered at the dosage of 5 mg/kg oral for 2 alternative weeks (every 24 hours for 7 days). Moreover, Cetirizine tablet as a non-sedating medicine and antihistamine which acts selectively on H1-receptor was given orally at the dosage of 2.5 mg/cat for the next 5 days, and liver supportive (Liv.52 syrup which contains herbal extracts) was administered orally at the dosage of 0.5 ml daily to overcome the hepatotoxic effect of anti-fungal drugs. Complete recovery was noticed by the third week of treatment which was the second week of the itraconazole syrup (Felintra, Savavet, India) treatment. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis in a kitten was diagnosed early and treated promptly with a proper treatment schedule with itraconazole without any untoward effects on the kitten.
To determine the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Palestinian patients, detect changes in the etiological agents during the last three decades, and to correlate between concomitant tinea pedis infections, and other cutaneous lesions.
220 suspected dermatophytosis patients were involved in this study. In an additional 38 cases, where consultation was prompted by tinea pedis, the presence of other lesions of concomitant dermatophytosis was studied, to further investigate the diagnosis. Clinical specimens were collected and identification of dermatophyte species was based on gross and microscopic morphology.
Epidemiology of tinea capitis has gone the most radical changes in Palestine in the last three decades, with the zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis replacing Trichophyton violaceum, becoming the predominant causative agent. During this study, 21.6% (38/176) patients with tinea pedis and concomitant lesions caused by the same dermatophytes at sites distant from the primary lesions in the foot were prospectively identified. About 63.2% of patients with tinea pedis have a concomitant toenail onychomycosis infection.
The epidemiology of dermatophytosis, especially tinea capitis, has gone the most radical changes in Palestine in the last three decades, with M. canis replacing T. violaceum, and becoming the predominant causative agent of all cases of infections. The coexistence of tinea pedis with other types of fungal skin infections is a frequent phenomenon; we believe that the infected foot may be a site of primary infection. Thus, the effective therapy for tinea pedis is essential to prevent spreading the infection to other sites of the skin.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os prontuários dos pacientes cuja cultura micológica do pêlo, em meio Ágar Sabouraud dextrose, suplementado com cloranfenicol e ciclohexamida, foi positiva para dermatófitos, e realizar um levantamento da casuística de dermatofitose. Foram avaliados 136 prontuários de pacientes (114 caninos e 22 felinos) com dermatofitose atendidos em período de 54 meses, no Hospital Veterinário da UNESP de Botucatu. Pela análise dos resultados, observou-se que a maioria dos cultivos foi positiva para M. canis. Não foi observada diferença estatística quanto ao sexo dos animais. Os cães de raça definida foram mais acometidos. A maior parte dos felinos era sem raça definida. A maioria dos humanos e animais que mantinham contato com os pacientes não apresentava lesões de pele. 32,5% dos cães apresentavam prurido de intensidade moderada, enquanto nos gatos o prurido estava ausente em 77,3% dos casos. 69,3% dos animais não apresentavam sinais clínicos não dermatológicos. A média aproximada de idades nos caninos foi de quatro anos e de três anos nos felinos. Não houve diferença estatística para a ocorrência da dermatofitose nas diferentes estações do ano. Dos animais avaliados com a Lâmpada de Wood, 40,9% dos cães e 33,3% dos gatos foram positivos. A maior parte dos cães apresentava lesões generalizadas, enquanto na maioria dos gatos eram localizadas. As lesões mais comumente observadas foram: alopecia, crostas e eritema.
During a six-year period from 2000 to 2006, 257 animal samples (fur and skin desquamation) were submitted to mycological examination in the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. Dermathophytes were cultured from 38 of 257 (14.8%) specimens. Chi-squared test was used to compare differences between independent groups. The most frequent isolated dermathophyte was Microsporum canis (47.4%). Other isolated dermathophytes were: Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (31.5%), Microsporum gypseum (15.8%), and Microsporum nanum (5.3%). The rates of dermathophytes isolation were 8.4% in dogs; 21.3% in cats; 66.7% in rabbits; and in 11.1% in horses.
Tinha do couro cabeludo é infecção da pele e cabelos dessa área, causada pelos dermatófitos do gênero Microsporum e Trichophyton. Acomete preferencialmente crianças pré-escolares e escolares, devido ao maior contato com fontes de infecção. Os autores relatam uma microepidemia de tinha do couro cabeludo em 11 crianças de uma creche pública de Vitória (ES), entre dois e seis anos de idade, 61% do sexo masculino. Apresentavam lesões arredondadas, escamosas, tonsurantes, grandes e únicas, nas regiões frontal, occipital, parietal, e, em dois casos, o couro cabeludo estava difusamente acometido. Os micológicos diretos mostravam parasitismo tipo ectotrix, e 45,5% das culturas foram positivas para Microsporum canis, justificadas pela história de contato entre algumas crianças da creche e cães errantes pelo bairro.Tinea capitis of the scalp is an infection of the skin and hair of this area caused by the dermatophytes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton genus. It preferentially attacks pre-school and school children due to their greater contact with infection sources. The authors report a micro-epidemic of Tinea capitis of the scalp in 11 children of a day care center of Vitória (ES), between two and six years of age, 61% of masculine sex. They presented rounded, scaly lesions with tonsured hair, large and unique in the frontal, occipital and parietal regions. In two cases the scalp was diffusely attacked. The direct mycology showed parasitism of the ectothrix type, and 45.5% of the cultures were positive for Microsporum canis, justified by the history of contact between some children of the day care center and stray dogs of the district.
Fomites such as brushes and clippers are known to be potential risk factors for the transmission of dermatophytes between pet animals. The aim of this study was to investigate this risk by examining those grooming implements for the presence of any viable dermatophytes.
For this purpose, samples from 235 pieces of grooming equipment and swab samples from the surface of the 14 grooming tables were taken from 41 veterinary clinics and 3 pet grooming salons.
Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from two clipper blades from one veterinary clinic and Microsporum canis were isolated from three clipper blades and one toothbrush from another clinic.
This study shows that current disinfection protocols and grooming procedures of the veterinary clinics and pet grooming salons appear to be adequate.
Fungal dermal diseases caused by the molds of the Dermatophyte family are among the most frequent infectious diseases affecting quality of life. There are 3 attributed sources of infection by Dermatophytes:1) humans; 2) animals and 3) soil. Dermatophytes posses the ability to utilize keratin from human and animal tissues, or debris from dead animal sources found in soil, such as feathers, skin or nails. Hence, Dermatophytes are abundant in different ecological niches. All 3 groups can infect humans, causing dermatophytoses manifested in different clinical entities involving skin, hair or nails. The mode of infection of the Dermatophytes is via direct or indirect contact. Dermatophytes are found universally, however the relative prevalence of dermatophytoses caused by different Dermatophytes may vary in different geographic areas according to climatic conditions or life style. Thus, studies in different geographic areas assessing the specific fungal etiology involved are of epidemiological relevance serving as baseline information for management of dermatophytoses at the local level. The present article will focus, mostly, on epidemiological data from published surveys conducted in different geographic/climatic areas analyzing the prevalence of specific Dermatophyte species in regard to gender, age, type of infection in context of environmental factors.
Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.