Fertility Responses to Migrant Remittances in Pakistan
... Despite the multiplicity of the remittances-fertility nexus, the number of studies on this topic is not substantial; more importantly, most previous research has been regionally constrained (Anwar & Mughal, 2016;Katz & Stark, 1986;Mughal & Anwar, 2014;Naufal & Vargas-Silva, 2009). Generally, existing studies tend to confirm that the relationship between remittances and fertility is inverse; however, they diverge in the arguments provided to explain the results obtained. ...
This study investigates fertility responses to remittances across developed and developing countries in post-communist times. We first collected fertility, remittances, and income statistics over the 1995–2020 period and created a new vulnerability index that identifies less economically developed states with high fertility rates and dependent on remittances. We then examined the global fertility effects of remittances between 1995 and 2015 via Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects, and Instrumental Variable estimation methods. The baseline regression results suggest that the relationship between remittances and fertility rates of remittances-receiving countries is generally inverse. We also found that the fertility-reducing power of remittances is heterogeneous worldwide. To illustrate the findings, we constructed two heat maps for 196 countries. The first one depicts the distribution of the vulnerability index, and the second one is dedicated to variations in the fertility effects of remittances across countries based on the vulnerability index.
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