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Confronting bias in judging: A framework for addressing psychological biases in decision making
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Abstract
Cognitive biases are systematic tendencies of thought which undermine accurate or fair reasoning. An allied concept is that of ‘implicit bias’, which are biases directed at members of particular social identities which may manifest without individual’s endorsement or awareness. This article reviews the literature on cognitive bias, broadly conceived, and makes proposals for how judges might usefully think about avoiding bias in their decision making. Contra some portrayals of cognitive bias as ‘unconscious’ or unknowable, we contend that things can be known about our psychological biases, and steps taken to address them. We argue for the benefits of a unified treatment of cognitive and implicit biases and propose a “3 by 3” framework which can be used by individuals and institutions to review their practice with respect to addressing bias. We emphasise that addressing bias requires an ongoing commitment to monitoring, evaluation and review rather than one-off interventions.
... Sin embargo, otros autores asignan al concepto una connotación negativa, es decir, para ellos se trata de un concepto normativo (Stafford et al., 2018). Así, los sesgos son vinculados a evaluaciones distorsionadas y negativas de determinados sujetos o grupos. ...
... (11) Ahora bien, ¿qué significa que estos procesos cognitivos, además, sean implícitos? Stafford et al. (2018) señalan que, para muchos autores y autoras, implícito es equivalente a inconsciente, es decir, sesgos que las personas no saben que tienen. Sin embargo, distintos estudios empíricos han demostrado evidencia en (9) Para profundizar en estas discusiones, véase Mitchell y Tetlock (2006). ...
... Esta es la posición que sostiene Frankish (2016). Sin embargo, Stafford et al. (2018) sostienen que tampoco se terminan de captar todos los fenómenos a los que nos referimos cuando hablamos de sesgos implícitos porque muchas veces existen aun siendo compatibles con las actitudes explícitas de las personas. ...
The purpose of this research paper is to examine the different psychological biases that affect judicial decisions as well as briefly a potential reason behind why this happens. It also discusses how biases in the courtroom can be minimized.
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