Article

The Irish of South Boston

June 1975
Worldview 18(6):24-27

DOI:10.1017/S0084255900028084

Authors:

The people have a long history of being hostile to outsiders, wrote Louis Jaffe, Harvard law professor, about the inhabitants of Boston's South End. As a consultant to the Massachusetts Department of Education Jaffe urged that the impending federal court desegregation ruling exempt “Southie” from any busing plan. Jaffe's warnings went unheeded, and the buses rolled between the overwhelming black Roxbury ghetto and the neighboring, predominantly Irish South End, sparking an onslaught of racial violence one journalist described as “unparalleled in modern Boston history, a day of hatred against outsiders not witnessed here in decades.”

The Historiography of the American Irish

Article

Nov 1982

R. A. Burchell

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

The South Goes North. Volume III of Children of Crisis.

January 1967 · The Journal of Southern History

Robert Coles

The purpose of this book was to document the plight of poor people who have migrated from the rural areas of the Southern United States and Appalachia and entered the ghettos of northern cities, such as Chicago, Cleveland, New York, and Boston. Data were collected via the author's studies, travels, and interviews. Part I provided the setting for the book and the method. In Part II, the people ... [Show full abstract] described are blacks in the city; white visitors; white northerners; and people from the mountains, the Appalachian men, women, and children. "Those Places They Call Schools" and "Teachers and the Children of Poverty" are specific topics of discussion in Part III. "The Way It Is in the Alleys, the Way It Is on the Porches"; "Vitality and Violence, Life and Death"; and "The Lord in Our Cities" are the chapter titles in Part IV. (HBC)

Article

On a Walking Tour to No Man’s Land: Brokering and Shifting Narratives of Violence in Trench Town, Ja...

September 2019 · Space and Culture

Alana Osbourne

Tourists who visit Trench Town are drawn in by the neighborhood’s rich musical heritage. They want to see the birthplace of reggae and witness the circumstances depicted in many famous Jamaican songs. Knowingly venturing into marginalized territory, into the “ghetto,” travelers expect to encounter spectacular forms of violence. Yet what the walking tour of Trench Town reveals is an experience of ... [Show full abstract] another kind, an excursion that exposes poverty as structural violence, and that points to the historical and political struggles that are constitutive of the area’s social fabric. In this article, drawing on an ethnographic vignette of a walking tour that starts in Bob Marley’s rehearsal grounds and ends by an empty plot locally known as “No Man’s Land,” I focus on the entanglements of violence and tourism and present the discrepancy that exists between touristic desires and the reality of the tourism commodity. This analysis reveals how residents of Trench Town simultaneously choose to address and disregard different (un)spectacular forms of violence during the tourism encounter and I argue that in so doing, local tour guides productively leverage violence to denounce and grapple with structural and historical brutalities.

Article

School Integration Policies in Northern Cities

January 1966 · Journal of the American Institute of Planners

Nathan Glazer

It is pointed out that there is little expert research on the effects of de facto segregation in schools in the North and the West. Too often an oversimplified casual relationship is drawn which explains the educational gap between white and Negro students in de facto segregated schools. Other factors considered in analyzing educational status differences are quality of teaching, home and ... [Show full abstract] neighborhood influences, and the nature of the influence of biracial classes on pupils of both races. A simple count of the concentration of Negroes in a given school becomes sufficient motivation for many parents to press for desegregation. The suggested integration methods of pairing, redistricting, busing, and new school locations can be effective measures, especially in small communities. Integrating the inner core area schools of large cities, however, raises special problems which can be resolved in varying degrees by free choice transfer policies, opening special schools in ghetto areas for which white students would be recruited, and cooperation between public schools and prestigious universities, church groups, and private schools. (NH)

Chapter

The View from John Street: Richard Whiteing’s Social Realism

January 1989

Jerome Hamilton Buckley

In Arnold Bennett’s first novel, A Man from the North, published in 1898, the sardonic Mr Aked tells the hero, Richard Larch, an aspiring young writer very like Bennett himself, that a novelist may find all the drama he needs in the life and character of any single London street. Twenty-five years later, in Riceyman Steps, Bennett fully realised the aesthetic potential of a dreary Clerkenwell ... [Show full abstract] square. But Mr Aked’s advice was as much descriptive of a current mode as prescriptive of a future fiction, for the London street, usually of a dreary kind, was already well established in the 1890s as an appropriate setting for realistic narrative. Arthur Morrison had followed up his Tales of Mean Streets (1895) with A Child of the Jago (1896), a grim report on violence in an East End slum block. Somerset Maugham began his career as storyteller with Liza of Lambeth (1897), the action of which, except for one scene, transpires entirely on and in a rowdy Vere Street, ‘leading out of Westminster Bridge Road’. Richard Whiteing’s No. 5 John Street, which appeared a year after A Man from the North, has been virtually forgotten, apart from an occasional mention alongside the Morrison and the Maugham in histories of English realism.1 Yet it still, I believe, deserves attention not only as one slum-street novel among others, but also as a late-Victorian social and political satire of broader import, remarkable for its own qualities of intelligence, originality and wit.

Article

Effect of Violence Exposure on Health Outcomes Among Young Urban Adolescents

May 2008 · Nursing Research

Although youth are exposed to many forms of violence, most studies have been concentrated on only one type of violence exposure and focused on older adolescents or very young children. Little is known about direct and indirect effects of violent stressors on the health of African American adolescents in urban middle schools or the cumulative effect of multiple forms of exposures. To test ... [Show full abstract] theoretically derived relationships between the types and levels of violence exposure and experiences; coping; and physical, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. A structural equation modeling approach was used in this cross-sectional predictive correlational model testing design. Youth's experiences with exposure to and witnessing of violence were examined on three levels-community, family, and peer-in relation to physical, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. The sample (n = 309) consisted almost entirely of African American seventh graders from four urban middle schools. Forty-two percent of students were boys. More than 80% said that they had been in a boyfriend or girlfriend relationship, and 55% were currently in such a relationship. Eight of the 15 paths tested in the hypothesized model were found to be statistically significant, indicating an average fit (chi = 133.06, df = 40, ratio of 3.3, p <.001, root mean square error of association =.087, normed-fit index =.89, comparative-fit index =.92, goodness-of-fit index =.93). Removing nonsignificant paths statistically improved model fit, resulting in an adequate fit (chi = 146.78, df = 47, chi/df = 3.1, p <.001, root mean square error of association =.083, normed-fit index = .88, comparative-fit index =.91, goodness-of-fit index =.93). Although coping did not demonstrate a mediating effect on health outcomes, it had a direct effect on physical and mental health. The findings partially support the hypothesized model. Violence at home, personal violence, and coping had significant direct effects on health outcomes. Community violence did not have a significant effect, and coping was not an intermediary variable in this sample.

Article

Dental Manpower in an Urban Area

July 1969 · Medical Care

The critical health manpower problem in the United States is most evident in the field of dental health. Shortages of dentists are projected, due to rising population and income levels. This inadequacy will be accentuated by third-part payments, like Medicaid. The dental manpower situation in the Boston metropolitan area was assessed. It was found that towns that have low socioeconomic levels, ... [Show full abstract] compared with towns that have higher socioceonomic levels, had: (a) fewer dentists relative to their populations; (b) fewer specialists; (c) older dentists, less productive in terms of equipment, employment of auxiliary personnel, and hours worked, who will require replacement soon; (d) dentists who less frequently employ auxiliary personnel; and (c) recent histories of losing rather than gaining dentists. While demand for dental care is expected to increase in all areas in the future, low socioceonomic areas with large numbers of Medicaid-eligihle patients will show dramatic spurts in dental demand. These poverty areas need more dentists, but it is unlikely that this need will be met. This situation is largely masked by the fact that the Boston metropolitan area as a whole has an excellent dental manpower situation. Redistribution of dentists within the Boston metropolitan area will be necessary to meet dental demands resulting from Medicaid.

Article

The Effect of Busing Black Ghetto Children into White Suburban Schools

January 1970

Burleigh B. Gardner

This study is an attempt to discover what happens to students' attitudes as a result of experience in desegregated schools. In particular, the students studied were involved in a special busing program called Operation Hospitality, which was carried out by the Chicago Catholic School Board. Through this program, black grade school students from inner city parochial schools are bused to all-white ... [Show full abstract] schools, mostly in the suburbs. Although the program has been under way since 1967, it was decided to try to make attitudinal comparisons between bused and non-bused black students and white classmates and non-classmates to see if there is any reasonable evidence of change. In addition, the performance of students, in terms of grades and achievement tests, is considered. Data for description of students' attitudes were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which included a 20 word-pair semantic differential and a "draw-a-picture" of a person. The report concludes that there is a positive change in the whites' view of blacks; also, the blacks' view of whites is changed in the same direction. Thus, each group improved its image of the other in ways that increase acceptability. Both groups became slightly more interesting to the other. In terms of scholastic performance, there is no significant difference in either grades or performance on tests between the bused or non-bused blacks. (Author/JW)

Article

Annual report for the year ending

January 1970

Denison House

At head of title: Denison House, the Boston college settlement (varies). Latest issue consulted: 29th (1921). Report year ends Oct. 1. Numbering begins with <26th (1918)>

Chapter

The Reality of Right-Wing Criminology

January 1981

Ian Taylor

Writing in 1973, the American ‘futurologist’, Alvin Toffler, observed that Not so many years ago, the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence prophesied that, unless corrective action was taken quickly, the US ghettoes would become ‘places of terror, perhaps entirely uncontrolled during the night-time hours’. It went on to predict that schools, playgrounds, apartment houses, ... [Show full abstract] libraries and other structures would need day-time police, and that armed guards would have to ‘ride shot-gun’ on our means of transportation, our buses and our trains. Anyone who lives in a major US city, or who has been frisked on the way into a jet, knows that we have already fulfilled many of their nightmarish predictions. (Toffler, 1973, p. 13) Until very recently, British observers would have thought of this kind of breakdown in urban life as being intrinsically American, and they would have distrusted any attempt to speak of any such breakdown in the British environment. ‘It couldn’t happen here’, in a country that was traditionally non-violent and crime-free, especially when compared to the street corner of American ghettoes, viewed every evening on television police shows like Kojak or Starsky and Hutch.

Article

Full-text available

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Coping Strategies of the Slum Dwellers duri...

January 2015

Sarala Raju

1. Introduction A significant result of rapid urbanization is an increase in the urban population of town and cities, and in particular, a consequent increase of the slum population in the major cities of India. It is generally acknowledged that cities are incapable of keeping pace with growing population and to provide them with basic amenities like affordable housing, potable water, sanitation, ... [Show full abstract] education, health and so on. In particular, mega cities of India have been witnessing a tremendous growth of slum population, compared to small towns and cities (Global Report on Human Settlements, 2003). The slum population in urban India alone outnumbered the total population of all but 25 countries in the world. According to Census of India 2011, 17.4% (roughly 1.37 crore households) of the urban households lived in slums. Besides, by the year 2017, slum population is expected to surge to 104 million. Despite the plethora of services provided by the government for uplifting the urban poor, still there is no sign of sustained development and betterment of life. Remedial institutions and services are indifferent to their plight and often far beyond their reach. As a consequence, the poor have limited choices; however, they instinctively deploy a range of coping strategies to meet their basic needs and contingencies to survive in the hostile urban milieu. Thus, the present paper attempts to identify various contingencies encountered by the slum dwellers and exemplify the strategies adopted by them to meet specifically the contingency related to health aliments and child birth.

Chapter

The Busing Years

February 2011

Darius Swann, a black missionary, attempted to send his six-year-old son to an all-white school. Since the school board appealed to the busing order of the district court, the case reached the Supreme Court and the case's ruling was issued on April 20, 1971. One of the issues that this case drew attention to was how far the courts would be able to come up with techniques to take the Southern ... [Show full abstract] schools' dual system apart. It was decided that the city of Charlotte exercised de jure segregation, and that the federal courts were able to order busing so that “all vestiges of state-imposed segregation” might be removed. Since desegregation policies were not limited to walk-in schools, the courts were also allowed to pair white and black schools and gerrymander attendance zones. The integration of the schools of the South were then under the discretion of both the HEW officials and the federal judges.

Article

In the House of Representatives. November 24, 1776. Whereas the resolves of this Court of the ninete...

January 1970

Massachusetts (State) General court. House of representatives

Positive Photostat.; Stamped on verso: 595.

Last Updated: 22 Oct 2024