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Influence of Many-Month Exposure to Light with Shifted Wave Range and Partial Fullerene Hyperpolarization on the State of Elderly Mice
... The result is a more concentrated and uniform distribution of photons (in accordance with the Fibonacci law). As a result, the receptor zone of the ocular fundus receives additional stimulation and more complete coverage of each anatomical structure with light radiation [21]. Therefore, additional nervous impulses of the central link of the visual analyzer can improve its energy balance, as well as provide irradiation to the silent zones. ...
... Our previous studies have shown that both the shortand long-term effects of light passing through a fullerene filter cause a number of changes that can be interpreted as beneficial [21,22]. In particular, it was found that a 10-minute transdermal light exposure to the pain center or acupuncture point created noticeable analgesia and improved sleep. ...
... A modification of the fullerene spectrum of visible light is shown in Fig. 2. Weakening of the high-energy part of the solar spectrum is noticeable: the power density decreases in the UV, violet, blue, green and yellow ranges. Modification of the fullerene flux of light photons was described by us earlier [21]. ...
... The quality of performance of intensive mental load increases. Also, the EEG of the human brain showed an increase in the speed of interhemispheric information processes and an increase in the quality and efficiency of decisions made (according to the data of sensorimotor reactions) under the action of fullerene light when simulating driver blindness [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]. All this opens up the options of using fullerene light for medical purposes and in everyday life, as well as a deeper study of its mechanisms and possibilities. ...
Here we present a unique life path of Sergiy Gulyar, a world-known Ukrainian scientist who was overcoming extreme conditions studying them on himself. He has developed his determination and responsibility from his basic experiences as a surgeon and his desire to win from his involvement in sports. His research in underwater laboratories has shown a capacity to find untrodden pathways to understand and explain what others did not even suspect. His physiological studies on the role of sea depths, breathing mixtures, underwater exposures, and diving schemes marked the path to the aquanauts and undersea man. Reaching the hyper depths equivalent to 2,500 m revealed the physiological limits of human being and defined how to handle hyperbaric respiratory failure. Prof. S. Gulyar suggested a usage of natural physiological mechanisms to accelerate the re-adaptation process as a part of the high-mountain rehabilitation of hyperbaria-adapted people. Dissertations were defended, books and articles were written, a scientific school of followers was created. Unfortunately, during the Soviet period, Prof. S. Gulyar faced a set of organizational problems and obstacles from the Soviet regime. In particular, his works were classified or hushed up, his intellectual property was often used without mentioning the author and his scientific team was intimidated by criminal investigations. Main recognition during this period had come from professional societies in Europe and the United States. After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Prof. S. Gulyar introduced a number of innovations and inventions in electromagnetic medicine and physiology. In particular, he has managed to account for main common features of physiological effects of light stimulation produced by Lasers, Light-Emitted Diodes and Bioptron light sources. By doing so, some mystical dogmas were filtered out and new paths to sensible light-induced treatments were developed. At the same time, Prof. S. Gulyar has preserved the legacy of many generations of medical professionals who used light in their treatments. He has shown in his physiological experiments that stimulation of biologically active zones including acupuncture points light stimulation has a wide spectrum of biological effects including alleviation of pain symptoms. Now mono- and polychromatic visual and transcutaneous light therapy of pain has been recognized scientifically and clinically, and its place in medicine has been firmly established. Prof. S. Gulyar described a new functional system of the organism that regulates the electromagnetic equilibrium. A step into the future was the first experimentally grounded technology for the use of fullerene-modified light. Positive changes have been proven with its percutaneous and ocular use. These first results open the door to complete analysis and future investigations. Prof. S. Gulyar has published 20 monographs, 470 papers and abstracts, and received 11 patents. Many of his inventions have been implemented, the others are still awaiting implementation. This article is based on the data obtained by the authors during many years of their personal cooperation, as well as from the memoirs of Prof. S. Gulyar and the materials he provided.
... The quality of performance of intensive mental load increases. Also, the EEG of the human brain showed an increase in the speed of interhemispheric information processes and an increase in the quality and efficiency of decisions made (according to the data of sensorimotor reactions) under the action of fullerene light when simulating driver blindness [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]. All this opens up the options of using fullerene light for medical purposes and in everyday life, as well as a deeper study of its mechanisms and possibilities. ...
... Additional effects, due to fullerene, include elimination of the blue part of the spectrum and an overall reduction in light power density, which is used in the Tesla Hyperlight Eyewear ® (THE ® Glasses). The biological effect of fullerene light has been proven with extraocular action on the locus of pain and inflammation [25], with short and long-term exposures [92], as well as with ocular use-on the electroencephalographic correlators of the state of default brain systems in humans [93], speed and quality of information processing in the brain [94] and psychophysiological indicators of mental performance [95]. There are theoretical assumptions about the possibility of additional enhancement of biological effects due to the toroidal properties of PL [91], which requires confirmation studies and the accumulation of clinical experience. ...
... It is proved that a long-term (over 8 months) coverage of the whole animal with such light not only does not adversely affect the functional state of the animals, but also improves their quality of life. In laboratory animals that were under fullerene light, we fixed slowing down of such signs of aging as loss of the body weight and mobility reduction [11]. Assessment of the dynamics of behavioral pain and non-pain reactions to the dosed pain (formalin test) in animals revealed an analgesic effect. ...
... The result is a more concentrated and uniform distribution of photons in the light flux (in accordance with the Fibonacci law). As a result, the receptor zone of the fundus, as well as any other object, receives additional stimulation and more complete coverage of each anatomical structure with light radiation [12]. Therefore, additional nervous impulses of the central link of the visual analyzer can improve its energy balance, as well as ensure the irradiation of signals to functionally connected brain areas and their activation. ...
Це опис унікального життєвого шляху Серґія Ґуляра, українського вченого зі світовим ім'ям, який подолав екстремальні умови, вивчаючи багато з них на собі. Базовий досвід хірурга виховав у ньому рішучість і відповідальність, волю до перемоги. Його експерименти в підводних лабораторіях виявили здатність знаходити нехожені шляхи для розуміння та пояснення того, про що інші навіть не підозрювали. Його внесок у фізіологічні дослідження ролі морських глибин, дихальних сумішей, підводних експозицій і схем занурення проклав шлях до акванавтів та людини підводної. Досягнення гіперглибин, еквівалентних 2500 м, виявило фізіологічні межі людини та визначило шляхи допомоги при гіпербаричній дихальній недостатності. Проф. С. Ґуляр запропонував використовувати природні фізіологічні механізми для прискорення процесу реадаптації адаптованих до гіпербарії людей шляхом їхньої високогірної реабілітації. Захищено дисертації, написано книги та статті, створено наукову школу послідовників. Основне визнання в цей період прийшло від професійних суспільств Європи та США. Після розпаду СРСР проф. С. Ґуляр уніс ряд нововведень та винаходів у електромагнітну медицину та фізіологію. Зокрема, йому вдалося пояснити та зв'язати в єдиний комплекс знань біомедичні ефекти світлової стимуляції, що виникає від ЛАЗЕРів, БІОПТРОНів і ЛЕДів. У підсумку деякі містичні догми відфільтровано та розроблено нові шляхи розумного лікування за допомогою світла. В той самий час проф. С. Ґуляр зберіг спадщину багатьох поколінь медичних працівників, які використовували для лікування світло. В своїх фізіологічних дослідах він показав, що стимуляція біологічно активних зон, у тому числі світлова стимуляція точок акупунктури, має широкий спектр біологічних ефектів, у тому числі полегшення больових симптомів. У даний час моно- та поліхроматична світлова терапія болю набула наукового та клінічного визнання, та її місце в медицині міцно утвердилося. Проф. С. Ґуляр описав нову функціональну систему організму, яка регулює електромагнітну рівновагу. Кроком у майбутнє стала перша експериментально обґрунтована технологія використання модифікованого фулереном світла. Позитивні зміни підтверджено при його крізь шкірному та окулярному застосуванні. Ці перші результати відкривають двері до детального аналізу та майбутніх досліджень. Проф. С. Ґуляр опублікував 20 монографій, 470 статей і тез, отримав 11 патентів. Багато його винаходів реалізовано, інші ще чекають реалізації. Ця оглядова стаття ґрунтується на даних, отриманих автором у ході багаторічної особистої співпраці, а також на спогадах проф. С. Ґуляра та наданих ним матеріалах.
Експериментально показано, що перетворене фуллереном поляризоване (апарат Біоптрон) або розсіяне (окуляри Tesla HyperLight Eyewear) світло викликають достовірні фізіологічні зміни, виявлені в антиноцицептивній сфері, ЦНС і ВНД. Виявлено достовірне ослаблення больової реакції (анальгетичну дію) і збільшення тривалості сну (заспокійливу дію). Багатомісячне перебування тварин під фуллереновим освітленням виявило уповільнення розвитку деяких ознак старіння. Мозаїка ЕЕГ-активності свідчила про розвиток більш споглядального ставлення до інтроспективного емоційних переживань минулих подій при активному залученні їх в образне моделювання гіпотетичного майбутнього. Встановлено, що в природних умовах перетворене фулереном світло полегшує виконання зорово-моторних тестів. При тривалому коректурному навантаженні фуллеренове світло, сприяло збільшенню швидкості перероблення інформації в зоровому аналізаторі, підвищувало уважність і послаблювало стомлюваність. Якість виконання інтенсивного розумового навантаження зростала. Моделювання «засліплення» водія за даними сенсо-моторних реакцій на тлі ЕЕГ мозку людини виявило збільшення швидкості міжпівкульних інформаційних процесів і підвищення якості та ефективності прийнятих рішень.
Quantum mechanics permits an entity, such as an atom, to exist in a superposition of multiple states simultaneously. Quantum information processing (QIP) harnesses this profound phenomenon to manipulate information in radically new ways. A fundamental challenge in all QIP technologies is the corruption of superposition in a quantum bit (qubit) through interaction with its environment. Quantum bang-bang control provides a solution by repeatedly applying 'kicks' to a qubit, thus disrupting an environmental interaction. However, the speed and precision required for the kick operations has presented an obstacle to experimental realization. Here we demonstrate a phase gate of unprecedented speed on a nuclear spin qubit in a fullerene molecule, and use it to bang-bang decouple the qubit from a strong environmental interaction. We can thus trap the qubit in closed cycles on the Bloch sphere, or lock it in a given state for an arbitrary period. Our procedure uses operations on a second qubit, an electron spin, to generate an arbitrary phase on the nuclear qubit. We anticipate that the approach will be important for QIP technologies, especially at the molecular scale where other strategies, such as electrode switching, are unfeasible.
The animal was introduced at the periphery of a circular field, the center of which contained food, and the total distance traveled, the number of feces dropped, the number of urinations, and the amount of food eaten were observed for a standard period of time. With repetition of the field situation increased adjustment was evidenced by a decrease in distance, a decrease in the number of feces, a decrease in the number of urinations, and an increase in the amount of food eaten. This adjustment was most evident when the animal was hungry and when food was accessible. Sex differences were observed. This experiment, according to the author, illustrates "the importance of needs or drives and emotionality as factors determining adjustment or maladjustment." Bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Sixty-six rats of seven inbred strains were observed in an open field (OF) and in a light-dark preference box (LDB). Each set of apparatus provides measures of locomotor activity and of the time spent in the "most protected" area (the corners in the OF, the dark compartment in the LDB). These measures are proposed to be indices of emotionality. In the present study, the reliability and validity of the OF and LDB measures were determined by genetic correlations. Genetic correlations (rGEN) within and between tests were used as they provide a more coherent picture of reliability and validity of the measures than product-moment correlations (rPM), since rGEN's are appropriate estimates of "true" individual scores. It appeared that the activity measure in the OF and the occupancies of the most protected parts of OF and LDB were valid indices of emotionality, while the activity measure in the LDB was not. We recommend that the occupancy measures in the OF and the LDB should be used in addition to the commonly used activity measure in the OF to assess emotionality. The results indicate that genetic correlations provide a useful tool to validate measures in animal research. The only experimental manipulation in this approach consists of using the variation between inbred strains.
Using extracellular single unit recording, either alone or in combination with microdialysis application of drugs, we examined the characteristics of presumed serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons during wake–sleep states in the freely moving cat. Recordings were made from a total of 272 neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Of these, 240 (88%) were classified as serotonergic on the basis of their typical long-duration action potential, slow discharge activity, and reduced spontaneous discharge rate during paradoxical sleep compared to during slow-wave sleep. An inhibitory response to serotonergic agonists and a slow conduction velocity were seen in all neurons of this type tested or identified by stimulation of the main ascending serotonergic pathway. These presumed serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons could be subdivided into two typical previously identified groups (types I-A and I-B) and four atypical new groups (types I-C, II-A, II-B, and II-C) according to differences in firing patterns during wake–sleep states. The typical neurons were evenly distributed in the dorsal raphe nucleus and their activity was related to the level of behavioral arousal, since they discharged regularly at a high rate during waking and at progressively slower rates during slow-wave sleep, and ceased firing either during slow-wave sleep with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and paradoxical sleep (type I-A) or only during paradoxical sleep (type I-B). In contrast, the atypical subgroups were unevenly distributed in the dorsal raphe nucleus and exhibited firing patterns distinct from those of the typical neurons, such as sustained tonic activity during paradoxical sleep (types I-C and II-C) or showing their highest rate of tonic discharge during slow-wave sleep, with suppression of discharge during both waking and paradoxical sleep (type II-B).
The study of inbred strains of rodents that differ for specific behaviours can help us to understand the biological mechanisms underlying complex psychological traits. Lewis (LEW) and SHR inbred rat strains, for example, have been recently proposed as a genetic model for the study of anxiety. Our goal was to characterise two Brazilian substrains of LEW and SHR rats, that have never been compared before, behaviourally and/or pharmacologically, in order to evaluate their potential contribution to studies on anxiety and pain. Male and female LEW and SHR rats were submitted after 8 weeks of age to five anxiety/emotionality tests: the open field (7 or 260 lux), the elevated plus-maze, the elevated T-maze and the black/white box. Rats of all groups were also submitted to the formalin test of nociception and measurement of blood pressure. Significant strain differences (P<0.05) were observed in both sexes for all indices of anxiety and also for measures of pain and blood pressure. SHRs, compared with LEWs, explored more the aversive environments of all anxiety tests, showed less nociceptive responses and were hypertensive. All differences in experimental anxiety parameters agree with previous differences reported between two French LEW and SHR substrains, suggesting that LEWs are more anxious than SHRs, thus consolidating these strains as a useful genetic model for the study of anxiety and pain. The possible involvement of tachykinergic mechanisms is discussed.
The brief history of creation and basic stages of development of the largest centre of science of the country and global physiological science--A.A. Bogomolets Institute of physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is stated. The basic achievements of scientific divisions of Institute for the 70-year's period in area of the most urgent problems of molecular physiology, neurophysiology, physiology of visceral systems are marked. Is covered many-sided and versatile scientific and publishing activity of the employees of Institute, the role of the outstanding scientists--physiologists and biophysicists of Institute in formation of national scientific schools is shown.
Effects of maternal separation in rats have been extensively investigated, but no studies have examined its effects in rat adolescence. We examined the effects of neonatal infant-mother separation (MS) for 6h/day and early handling (EH) for 10 days during the first 2 weeks of life by comparing MS and EH groups to standard facility reared (SFR) controls. At adolescence, the animals were evaluated in a novel and familiar open-field, the light-dark box, and the sucrose consumption test. Behavioral indices included orienting behavior (rearing frequency and duration), impulsive behavior (movement velocity and risk taking by entering the center of the open field or the light compartment of the light-dark box), hyperactivity (ambulatory distance and stereotypic movement), and reward-seeking behavior (sucrose drinking time). The prolonged MS during the first 2 weeks of life resulted in decreased orienting behavior and increased impulsive behavior in adolescence. Measures of ambulatory and stereotypic movements showed that MS rats were hyperactive in the novel environment whereas EH rats were less active overall. The impulsive/hyperactive phenotype produced by this MS protocol may provide a useful animal model to investigate the neurological basis for the similar behavioral phenotype found in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Cognitive, as well as physiological, sex differences exist in young adult rats under both basal conditions and following chronic stress; however, few studies have examined whether sex differences remain in aged subjects and whether responses to stress are altered. We compared aged male and female Fischer 344 rats (21.5 months at testing) without stress and when given 21 days of restraint for 6 h/day on locomotion, anxiety-related behaviors, object recognition (non-spatial memory), object placement (spatial memory), body weight and serum steroid hormone levels. Control (unstressed) females had lower levels of estradiol and testosterone and higher corticosterone than males, and stress had no lasting effect on hormone concentrations. Females weighed less than males and showed less weight loss with stress. Locomotion measures on an open field were similar in the sexes and unaffected by stress. Anxiety-related behavior measures on the field showed that males were generally more anxious and that stress increased male, but decreased, female anxiety-related behaviors. In memory testing, exploration of objects was not different between the sexes, with or without stress, while stress increased exploration in both sexes during object recognition trials. Both males and females, regardless of treatment, discriminated between old and new objects at short, but not long, inter-trial delays. The typical advantage of young males for spatial memory performance was not observed in aged subjects on the object placement tasks. Stress-dependent enhancements in females and impairments in males for object placement are reported for young rats, but in aged rats, neither sex was altered by stress. Current data suggest that aging is associated with changes in the pattern of sex differences present in young adult rats in some behaviors and in the behavioral responses to stress.
Fullerenes-Sensational Scientific Opening of the 20th Century
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