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CONFIABILIDAD Y VALIDEZ DE UN INSTRUMENTO QUE MIDE EL BIENESTAR SANITARIO
Abstract
Resumen El bienestar subjetivo, entendido como una fase preliminar del autocuidado y la adhesión al tratamiento fue el objetivo del presente trabajo, aunque el diseño no experimental, muestreo no probabilístico de 456 migrantes trabajadores y análisis exploratorio limitaron los hallazgos que sugieren dos dimensiones teóricas corroboradas por la observación empírica: aversión o atribución de responsabilidad institucional y propensión o compromiso de bienestar personal. Se sugiere la inclusión del autocuidado y la adhesión al tratamiento como parte del proceso de calidad de vida percibida por los flujos migratorios laborales. Abstract The subjective well-being, understood as a preliminary phase of self-care and adherence to treatment was the objective of this work, although the non-experimental design, non-probabilistic sampling of 456 working migrants and exploratory analysis limited the findings that suggest two corroborated theoretical dimensions by empirical observation: aversion or attribution of institutional responsibility and propensity or commitment to personal well-being. The inclusion of self-care and adherence to treatment is suggested as part of the quality of life process perceived by labor migration flows.
... Introduction 17 Until April 2021, the pandemic has caused three and a half million deaths in the world, alt- 18 hough in an asymmetric way. 1 While it is New Zealand, hundreds of cases are counted, in Mexico 19 there are hundreds of thousands that could reach a million deaths when considering deaths from 20 atypical pneumonia and the lags between the deaths registered in 2020 and 2021 with respect to the 21 national averages of previous years. 2 The mitigation of the pandemic, centered on confinement and 22 social distancing, has increased the cases of violence against women. ...
... 91 Reproductive rights are, in the first instance, represented by a sector of the population as an 92 instrument of support against an unwanted pregnancy or that in any case compromises the plans 93 of the woman involved. 17 In this sense, social representations or the objectification, anchoring and 94 naturalization of beliefs, perceptions, motives, attitudes and intentions of cases occurred, present 95 events and future scenarios in which the management and administration of resources play an im-96 portant role, many times essential and central in decision-making when requesting and assisting an 97 assisted interruption of pregnancy. 18 Even such a decision supposes a series of expectations that are 98 determined by the available information about the risks of requesting and carrying out the assisted 99 interruption. ...
1) Background: The revision, discussion, modelling and specification of a model for the 7 study of reproductive choice was the objective of this paper; (2) Methods: A documentary study 8 was carried out with an intentional selection of sources indexed to Academia, Copernicus, Dialnet, 9 Ebsco, Latindex, Frontiers, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus and WoS from 2019 to 2021; (3) Results: The re-10 lationship between the calculation of costs and benefits with risk behaviors was established, alt-11 hough the design of the investigation limited the discussion with the consulted literature; (4) Con-12 clusions: Suggesting the extension of the work from the information published in Journal Citation 13 Report (JCR).
... Introduction 17 Until April 2021, the pandemic has caused three and a half million deaths in the world, alt- 18 hough in an asymmetric way. 1 While it is New Zealand, hundreds of cases are counted, in Mexico 19 there are hundreds of thousands that could reach a million deaths when considering deaths from 20 atypical pneumonia and the lags between the deaths registered in 2020 and 2021 with respect to the 21 national averages of previous years. 2 The mitigation of the pandemic, centered on confinement and 22 social distancing, has increased the cases of violence against women. ...
... 91 Reproductive rights are, in the first instance, represented by a sector of the population as an 92 instrument of support against an unwanted pregnancy or that in any case compromises the plans 93 of the woman involved. 17 In this sense, social representations or the objectification, anchoring and 94 naturalization of beliefs, perceptions, motives, attitudes and intentions of cases occurred, present 95 events and future scenarios in which the management and administration of resources play an im-96 portant role, many times essential and central in decision-making when requesting and assisting an 97 assisted interruption of pregnancy. 18 Even such a decision supposes a series of expectations that are 98 determined by the available information about the risks of requesting and carrying out the assisted 99 interruption. ...
1) Background: The revision, discussion, modelling and specification of a model for the 7 study of reproductive choice was the objective of this paper; (2) Methods: A documentary study 8 was carried out with an intentional selection of sources indexed to Academia, Copernicus, Dialnet, 9 Ebsco, Latindex, Frontiers, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus and WoS from 2019 to 2021; (3) Results: The re-10 lationship between the calculation of costs and benefits with risk behaviors was established, alt-11 hough the design of the investigation limited the discussion with the consulted literature; (4) Con-12 clusions: Suggesting the extension of the work from the information published in Journal Citation 13 Report (JCR).
... Although family and work support lie in monitoring and follow-up, professional support is more focused on the transfer of knowledge when the patient perceives that his illness will be prolonged or terminal 31 . Consequently, the formation of intellectual capital is generated before a risk event and intensifies during an illness or work accident 32 . This discharge of the specialized professional function activates the patient's self-care by focusing it on his illness, but if his relationship is null or unstable, then his confinement at work will be affected and with it her adherence 33 . ...
Cervical Uterine Cancer is a disease that explains the vulnerability in which women are in terms of reproductive health with an impact on occupational health and public health, even when in Mexico the prevalence rate is lower than the other member countries of the OECD, its impact on Human Development and Local Development shows the importance that the disease have in communities more than in cities where prevention policies through check-ups and medical examinations seem to curb the trend, but show the lack of opportunities and capacities of health centers in rural areas. To establish the reliability, validity, and correlations between the variables reported in the literature with respect to their weighting in a public hospital. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 104 patients from a public hospital in the State of Mexico. The Scale of Psychosocial Variables Determinants of Adherence to Treatment of Cervical Uterine Cancer was constructed. From a structural model, it was demonstrated the adjustment of the trajectories of determining relationships in which knowledge influenced the behavior of adherence to treatment. The limits of the design, sampling and analysis of the study are noted and it is recommended to include organizational and psychological variables supported by theories of organizations and theories of personality.
... In organizations confidence in technology as well as in the working groups is critical to achieving goals [51]. It is a process in which users can select a technology that will enhance your users perceive a high degree of utility in the technology, then they approach a climate of trust that will be disseminated in the work groups, technology providers and customers [52]. In contrast, users who have had negative experiences with technology or inhibit selection of related technologies. ...
The digital harassment involves the emergence of a service-oriented of digital village process. In this scenario, deregulation looming state and citizen participation electronic devices to generate ideas for Human Development. However, in either scenario, exclusion or inclusion digital, differences between resources and groups exacerbate asymmetries among Internet. This paper argues that, in both contexts, gap and digital village, electronic harassment. A review of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks and the report two findings on the state of knowledge warns that harassment is generated by perceptions of opportunity that associated with expectations of compatibility, usability and ease generate relationship asymmetric between cyberese's. Therefore, a model is proposed to study phenomenon to open the discussion about the relevance of electronic devices in the dissemination of equity.
... In contrast, the global village would spread confidence, entrepreneurship, co m commitment, innovation and satisfaction as central elements of state deregulation and citizen participation, but as a stage propellant perception of compatibility, usability and self -efficacy are determinants domination relations such as peer harassment [52]. ...
The digital harassment involves the emergence of a service-oriented of digital village process. In this scenario, deregulation looming state and citizen participation electronic devices to generate ideas for Human Development. However, in either scenario, exclusion or inclusion digital, differences between resources and groups exacerbate asymmetries among Internet. This paper argues that, in both contexts, gap and digital village, electronic harassment. A review of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks and the report two findings on the state of knowledge warns that harassment is generated by perceptions of opportunity that associated with expectations of compatibility, usability and ease generate relationship asymmetric between cyberese's. Therefore, a model is proposed to study phenomenon to open the discussion about the relevance of electronic devices in the dissemination of equity.
... If the establishment of a narrative agenda includes occupational health as a central theme for older adults to think about this and associate this issue with the help or economic support they receive directly or indirectly from their governments, impacting their voting intentions, then the discursive positioning will consist of attributing solutions to the candidates, parties or governors that they associate with their occupational situation. In this way, the symbolic processualism will consist of questioning the relationship between the political campaigns of occupational health of candidates with their economic and labor situation [17][18][19]. ...
It is estimated that two thirds of the world population is linked to migratory flows. One tenth (115 million) of the total population of the countries that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are the children of migrants. One in three students is a descendant of migrants, 32% of student enrollment is made up of migrant children, but 75% of male migrants are unemployed compared to 57% of unemployed women who are migrants; only 4.3 million migrants are legally studying or working, and immigration grows one million each year (OECD, 2010).
... Although family and work support lie in monitoring and follow-up, professional support is more focused on the transfer of knowledge when the patient perceives that his illness will be prolonged or terminal (31). Consequently, the formation of intellectual capital is generated before a risk event and intensifies during an illness or work accident (32). This discharge of the specialized professional function activates the patient's self-care by focusing it on his illness, but if his relationship is null or unstable, then his confinement at work will be affected and with it her adherence (33). ...
Cervical Uterine Cancer is a disease that explains the vulnerability in which women are in terms of reproductive health with an impact on occupational health and public health, even when in Mexico the prevalence rate is lower than the other member countries of the OECD, its impact on Human Development and Local Development shows the importance that the disease have in communities more than in cities where prevention policies through checkups and medical examinations seem to curb the trend, but show the lack opportunities and capacities of health centers in rural areas. To establish the reliability, validity and correlations between the variables reported in the literature with respect to their weighting in a public hospital. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 104 patients from a public hospital in the State of Mexico. The Scale of Psychosocial Variables Determinants of Adherence to Treatment of Cervical Uterine Cancer was constructed. From a structural model it was demonstrated the adjustment of the trajectories of determining relationships in which knowledge influenced the behavior of adherence to treatment. The limits of the design, sampling and analysis of the study are noted and it is recommended to include organizational and psychological variables supported by theories of organizations and theories of personality.
... In that 26 sense, the differences between leaders and followers lie in their access to information dissem- 27 inated by the State in the media; its ability to process information, ethics and logic alluding to 28 risk and resilience; legitimization of differences based on mistrust of public administration 29 and management. Regional development, economic and demographic sense has been under- 30 stood because of public policy in which the state is assumed the guiding principle of produc-31 tion, employment, and public services 2 . In this scheme, the central government not only es- 32 tablishes a direct communication with local governments but also that, in addition, estab- 33 lishes a synergy with the communities or neighborhoods peripheral to the cities. ...
The objective of this paper is to highlight the limits of the literature consulted with respect to 7 identity, considering as a hegemonic and preponderant factor the explanation of the continuum of mi-8 gration, health, and endogenous development (local and / or regional). A non-experimental, explora-9 tory, cross-sectional, and correlational study was carried out, with a non-probabilistic selection of 100 10 workers, including leaders, both migrants and natives from a central Mexican location. Show that the 11 intentions of occupational health determine the behaviors of the so-called self-care, but these were dis-12 cussed considering the findings reported in the literature. There are lines of research with other varia-13 bles, which explain in detail the sense of community, as well as occupational health and social entrepre-14 neurship. 15
... Or group. Finally, in a broad, broad sense of public health, she It comes to explain various processes various multidimensional inequality 30 . ...
... In this sense, the MDCS does not explain the effect of the work culture on the worker's performance weighted in their degree of effort and commitment 22 . ...
Antecedentes. Se han establecido estudios psicológicos de adherencia al tratamiento; 1) modelos de indicadores –frecuencia de consulta médica, prevalencia de ingesta de medicamentos sobre cualquier otro tratamiento, asistencia a sesiones terapéuticas y de rehabilitación—; 2) modelos explicativos –sexo, edad, ingresos, nivel de instrucción, comprensión lectora, relaciones interpersonales—; 3) modelos híbridos —creencias, actitudes, conocimientos, intenciones y estrategias mediadoras—.
Objetivo. Especificar un modelo de los determinantes organizativos y subjetivos de la adherencia al tratamiento en los casos de trabajadores lesionados o enfermos por su actividad laboral, su clima de relaciones y su clima laboral.
Método. Estudio documental con una selección de fuentes indexadas en repositorios de América Latina –Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc y Scielo—, considerando las variables reportadas en el estado del arte.
Resultados. La especificación del modelo incluyó cuatro hipótesis explicativas de las trayectorias de las relaciones de dependencia entre las seis variables —demandas, apoyo social, control, esfuerzo, recompensa y adhesión— extraídas de la revisión de la literatura.
Discusión. Con relación a los modelos de indicadores, los modelos determinantes y los modelos de mediación, se recomienda incluir las variables de cultura laboral, calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en el modelo especificado para estudiar el proceso que va desde la cultura laboral y culminaría con la reinserción de los casos de accidentes y enfermedades.
Conclusión. La nueva especificación del modelo incluiría hipótesis explicativas de las trayectorias de correlaciones entre las variables utilizadas en el presente trabajo, con el fin de establecer diferencias entre las organizaciones que brindan seguridad social respecto a las empresas gestionadas desde la flexibilidad laboral, así como sus efectos sobre la salud ocupacional de sus trabajadores.
... En este sentido, los estudios relativos al compromiso laboral en esta área, han reportado una estructura de factores: a) social: vinculado a disposiciones de empatía y solidaridad con enfermos y familiares del mismo estrato socioeconómico 7 ; b) sectorial: referido a el prestigio de las instituciones de salud pública 8 ; c) académico: alusivo a la reputación de la universidad de egreso o posgrado;9 d) formativo: referente a la tutoría con quienes se realizó la tesis 10 ; e) familiar: relacionado con antecedentes de profesionistas de la salud 11 ; f) profesional: relativo a la vocación 12 y g) personal: motivado por algún evento de riesgo 13 . ...
Objective: modeling the indicators of work commitment considering the exposure to the contagion of the SARS CoV-2 coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease in a public health institution. Methods: a psychometric and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 100 students from a public university in partnership with the health institution assigned to care for the pandemic. The Carreón Labor Commitment Scale (2021) was used, which includes seven dimensions related to the social, sectoral, academic, training, family, professional and personal spheres. Results: a factorial structure of seven main components was confirmed that explained 53% of the total variance, suggesting the inclusion of another factor that the literature identifies as the union commitment to refer to the disposition in favor of preserving the prestige of the career studied. Conclusions: it is recommended to contrast the model with the inclusion of union commitment in order to be able to increase the total variance explained and anticipate a response scenario to another health crisis such as a re-outbreak of COVID-19.
... unidad se consideraron como evidencia de colinealidad y multicolinealidad 36 . Los valores próximos a cero como evidencia de relación espuria 37 . Los valores entre 0,300 y 0,900 como evidencia de relación lineal, consistencia interna y composición factorial 38 . ...
Objective: modeling the indicators of work commitment considering the exposure to the contagion of the SARS CoV-2 coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease in a public health institution.
Methods: a psychometric and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 100 students from a public university in partnership with the health institution assigned to care for the pandemic. The Carreón Labor Commitment Scale (2021) was used, which includes seven dimensions related to the social, sectoral, academic, training, family, professional and personal spheres.
Results: a factorial structure of seven main components was confirmed that explained 53% of the total variance, suggesting the inclusion of another factor that the literature identifies as the union commitment to refer to the disposition in favor of preserving the prestige of the career studied.
Conclusions: it is recommended to contrast the model with the inclusion of union commitment in order to be able to increase the total variance explained and anticipate a response scenario to another health crisis such as a re-outbreak of COVID-19.
... For self-control, a treatment adherence model proposal would be based on public management and social and family support. It would include self-care-oriented health prevention and promotion strategies (28). The purpose of this new model would be to establish a balance between the demands of the environment and institutional and personal resources. ...
Objective:
To establish categories for the study of treatment adherence in literature published between 2015-2019, considering the occupational health climate.
Method:
Secondary research using a selection of 38 indexed sources in Latin American repositories- Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc, and Scielo-and the variables reported in the state of the art.
Results:
The model specification included four explanatory hypotheses of dependence relationship trajectories of six variables-demands, social support, control, effort, reward, and adherence-taken from the literature review.
Discussion:
Regarding the indicator, determining, and mediating models, we recommend including the work culture, quality of life, and subjective well-being variables In the specified model to examine the process that goes from the workplace culture to reinserting workers after accidents and diseases.
Conclusion:
The new model specification would include explanatory hypotheses of variable correlation trajectories to establish differences between organizations that provide social security and companies with workplace flexibility and their effects on their workers' occupational health.
... Therefore, the quality of performance depends not only on the balance between demands and self-control, or on the balance between efforts and rewards, but also on the avoidance of stress and burnout, as well as on transformational leadership [29]. ...
Background: Psychological studies of adherence to treatment have established; 1) indicators models -frequency of medical consultation, prevalence of medication intake over any other treatment, attendance at therapeutic and rehabilitation sessions-; 2) determining models -sex, age, income, level of instruction, reading comprehension, interpersonal relationships-; 3) mediating models-beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, intentions, and strategies. Objective: Specify a model of the organizational and subjective determinants of adherence to treatment in cases of injured or sick workers due to their work activity, climate of relationships and task climate. Method: Documentary study with a selection of indexed sources in repositories of Latin America -Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc and Scieloconsidering the variables reported in the state of the art. Results: The specification of the model included four explanatory hypotheses of the trajectories of dependency relationships among the six variables - demands, social support, control, effort, reward and adhesion - taken from the literature review. Discussion: In relation to the models of indicators, the determinant models and the models of mediation, it is recommended to include the variables of work culture, quality of life and subjective well-being in the specified model to study the process that goes from the labor culture and it would culminate with the reinsertion of accident and disease cases. Conclusion: The new specification of the model would include explanatory hypotheses of the trajectories of correlations between the variables used in the present work with the purpose of establishing differences between the organizations that provide social security with respect to the companies managed from labor flexibility, as well as their effects on the occupational health of its workers
... Therefore, the quality of performance depends not only on the balance between demands and self-control, or on the balance between efforts and rewards, but also on the avoidance of stress and burnout, as well as on transformational leadership [29]. ...
... De este modo, los resultados logarítmicos permitirían tomar decisiones en contra o en favor de la separación de grupos infectados y grupos en riesgo, así como la reprogramación de sus actividades dentro o fuera del aula. [29] Por su parte, el modelo de función integraría los probables escenarios de contaminación exponencial con los efectos de esta contaminación en los grupos de mayor riesgo y en la atención a los grupos de bajo riesgo. De esta manera, el modelo permitiría anticipar escenarios probables de una nueva contaminación dermatología que se enfrentaría con una difusión sistemática e intensiva de estrategias de colaboración en torno al cuidado del medio ambiente para evitar un nuevo brote. ...
Gobernanza de responsabilidad de Salud en una ciudad del centro de México Governance of health responsibility in a town in central Mexico Governança da responsabilidade em saúde em uma cidade no centro do México Resumen: En términos generales, la promoción del autocuidado obedece a las pautas de las organizaciones internacionales que buscan reducir el gasto social en atención médica, pero con énfasis en la responsabilidad personal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es discutir esta fórmula, estableciendo un modelo para el estudio del fenómeno. Se realizó un trabajo documental con una selección no probabilística de fuentes indexadas a repositorios nacionales, considerando la inclusión de conceptos: "salud política", "programas de atención médica","estrategias de prevención"y"autocuidado". Se sugieren líneas de investigación sobre la extensión del modelo. Palabras clave: Gobernanza, salud, enfermedad, intervención. Abstract: Gross mode, the promotion of self-care obeys the guidelines of international organizations that seek to reduce social spending in medical care, but with the emphasis on personal responsibility. The objective of the present work is to discuss this formula, establishing a model for the study of the phenomenon. A documentary work was done with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed to national repositories, considering publication, and the inclusion of concepts "health policy", "health care programs", "prevention strategies" and "self-care". There are lines of investigation concerning the extension of the model.
Introduction. The objective of this work was to establish the incidence of tutoring 4.0 on the development of the research protocol. Method. An exploratory, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out with a sample of 100 students from a public university enrolled in the professional practice and social service system through a technology, device or electronic network. Results. Show that the elaboration of the antecedents of the problem was the hidden layer that explains the semantic weight of the tutoring on the elaboration of the protocol, although the research design limited the findings Marcos (2022). Tutoring model 4.0 and development of research protocol. DEDiCA. REVISTA DE EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES, 20, xx-xx. ISSN: 2182-018X. DOI: http://doi.org/10.30827/dreh.vi20.22612 XXX to the research sample, suggesting the extension of the model to others. hidden layers that the literature identifies as project financing. Discussion. The proposed model yields similar results to the reported literature regarding knowledge management as a determinant of knowledge production and transfer. Conclusion. Contrast of the model in other samples is recommended. RESUMEN Introducción.-El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la incidencia de la tutoría 4.0 en el desarrollo del protocolo de investigación. Método.-Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, transversal y correlacional con una muestra de 100 estudiantes de una universidad pública matriculados en el sistema de práctica profesional y servicio social a través de una tecnología, dispositivo o red electrónica. Resultados.-Demostrar que la elaboración de los antecedentes del problema fue la capa oculta que explica el peso semántico de la tutoría en la elaboración del protocolo, aunque el diseño de investigación limitó los hallazgos a la nuestra de investigación, sugiriendo la extensión del modelo a otras capas ocultas que la literatura identifica como financiamiento de proyectos. Discusión.-El modelo propuesto arroja resultados similares a la literatura reportada sobre la gestión del conocimiento como determinante de la producción y transferencia de conocimiento. Conclusión.-Se recomienda el contraste del modelo en otras muestras.
Occupational health has been approached from theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks in which the individual, the group to which he belongs and the institution where he is affiliated converge around a prevention or care for diseases and accidents, but without considering the meaning What is such a process? The objective of this work was to reveal the symbols and meanings of discourses of adherence to treatment. A qualitative and cross-sectional study was carried out with informants from migratory communities as workforce and labor. The meaning of occupational health was revealed, but the research design limited the findings to the study scenario, suggesting its extension to public health policies.
Background. Coronary artery is a disease that explains the vulnerability in which men are in reproductive health with an impact on occupational health and public health, even when in Mexico the prevalence rate is lower than the other member countries OECD, its impact on human development and local development shows the Importance that the disease has on communities rather than in cities where policies of prevention through screening and medical examination seemed to slow the trend but show a lack opportunities and capabilities of health centers in rural areas. Objective. Establish the reliability, validity and correlations between variables reported in the literature Regarding its weighting in a public hospital. Method. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study with a nonrandom selection of 100patients from a public hospital in the State of Mexico was held. Scale Variables psychosocial determinants of treatment adherence coronary artery built. Results. From a structural model ⌠χ2 = 490.330 (28 gl) p = 0.000; GFI = 0.927; CFI = 0.970; RMSEA = 0,003⌡se Showed relationships in adjustment paths Determining Which Had an impact on knowledge treatment adherence behavior (β = 0.50). Conclusion. the boundaries of design, sampling and analysis of the study are noted and recommended to include organizational and psychological variables supported in theories of Organizations and theories of personality.
Resumen-Las disposiciones hacia el VIH / SIDA han sido ampliamente estudiadas desde la perspectiva de quien porta el virus o quien está enfermo, o bien, desde la óptica de quienes pertenecen a los grupos de portadores o desde quienes desean adscribirse, pero en un sentido diferente el presente trabajo se propuso estudiar a individuos que interactúan con grupos cercanos a portadores con la finalidad de establecer la consistencia interna y la convergencia de dimensiones de un instrumento que midió las expectativas y que a partir de un estudio no experimental y una selección no probabilística 258 estudiantes de una universidad pública, encontró tres dimensiones preponderantes que la literatura conceptualizó previamente como expectativas hacia la identidad, el estigma y la utilidad, pero que no había podido contrastar empíricamente.
El comercio móvil es un indicador de la brecha económica y la consecuente brecha digital entre
los países desarrollados económicamente y los países con economías emergentes. En tal sentido, se
exponen los fundamentos de una teoría para explicar las consecuencias del comercio móvil a
partir de los determinantes económicos, tecnológicos, mercadotécnicos y psicológicos que llevan
a una persona a adquirir productos a través de protocolos móviles.
RESUMEN El clima laboral ha estado siendo utilizado como variable para explicar la satisfacción de los trabajadores en empresas comercializadoras. Se conceptúan ambas variables para su medición, análisis e indagación de la relación causal entre un ambiente de trabajo favorable y el desempeño satisfactorio de los empleados. Se exponen los datos descriptivos que indican un clima laboral favorable y una satisfacción laboral optima. ABSTRACT The labor climate has S-state being used like variable to explain the satisfaction of the workers in marketing companies. Both variables for their measurement, analyses and investigation of the causal relation between an atmosphere of favorable work and the satisfactory performance of the employees are conceptúan. The descriptive data are exposed that indicate a favorable labor climate and a optimum labor satisfaction.
Las políticas de fomento empresarial obedecen a un sistema de gestión y administra
-
ción de los recursos naturales orientadas al Desarrollo Local Sustentable. A medida
que el Estado incentiva la agroindustria, genera expectativas en el sector con especial
atención por parte de los comerciantes que, en el caso del café están integrados a un
sistema de financiamiento desde la producción hasta la comercialización. Tal proceso
se intensifica con nuevos actores tales como las jefas de familia emprendedoras. Sin
embargo, la desconfianza hacia la acción gubernamental propicia desencuentros entre
los actores. En tal sentido, la fiabilidad sociopolítica es un constructo que desde el
Trabajo Social se ha propuesto para evidenciar las representaciones de usuarios de
servicios públicos con respecto a la calidad de los mismos y la evaluación del desem
-
peño de sus autoridades. En este sentido, el presente trabajo especificó el constructo
a partir de un marco teórico, conceptual y empírico revisado con fuentes indexadas.
La información fue procesada en matrices de análisis de contenido para establecer los
ejes de discusión y temas centrales en la agenda investigativa, con lo cual fue posible
especificar el modelo siguiendo las relaciones de dependencia entre los indicadores del
constructo. El presente estudio utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 104 caficultores
para establecer las propiedades psicométricas de una escala que mide su grado de
fiabilidad ante riesgos ambientales, incertidumbre política y conflicto local. Los resul
-
tados muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos con respecto a los efectos de sequías e inundaciones en sus cosechas de café así como el derecho al
acceso de los recursos financieros y naturales. La discusión se centró en las relaciones
entre las dimensiones del constructo con respecto a la personalidad emotiva
En este trabajo se evalúa la incidencia de la atenuación, mediante
transformaciones de variables, del sesgo y de la curtosis de las puntuaciones
observadas, sobre la estructura factorial, estimada mediante análisis factorial
exploratorio y confirmatorio. Los datos proceden de una escala de opinión
estudiantil para la evaluación de profesores universitarios, de 16 ítems
medidos en escala Likert. Las distribuciones observadas no se aproximan a
la normalidad, por lo que se aplican distintos procedimientos para la
corrección del sesgo y de la curtosis. Los resultados sugieren que tanto los
estadísticos globales de bondad de ajuste como las saturaciones factoriales
de los modelos son más sensibles al método de estimación (para una misma
transformación) que a la transformación (para un mismo método de
estimación). Como conclusión, cuando la muestra tiene un tamaño
moderado y el modelo está especificado correctamente la estimación de
máxima verosimilitud proporciona los mejores resultados, aún en
condiciones de distanciamiento del supuesto de normalidad multivariante,
siempre que el coeficiente de Mardia no supere el valor 70. Una limitación
del trabajo es que no se ha valorado el efecto de la complejidad de la
estructura factorial y/o el grado de comunalidad teórica de las variables.
El estrés laboral tiene en la actualidad un especial interés. Sus efectos, tanto en la salud de los trabajadores como en los resultados empresariales, en forma de bajas laborales, incapacidad, pobre rendimiento, absentismo, etc., son sin duda su carta de presentación más relevante para la investigación. Actualmente en la rama organizacional de la Psicología se estudian especialmente los factores psicosociales que afectan al trabajador, el objetivo es intentar modificarlos e intervenir en la empresa (Intervención Primaría). Si bien, esto no significa que se minusvalore la intervención psicológica ó sanitaria a nivel individual (Intervención Terciaria) y/o las estrategias dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de vida del trabajador (Intervención Secundaria). Considerando la intervención, el primer paso supone una correcta evaluación, en este sentido este artículo presenta los factores que compondrán en el futuro el Cuestionario Multidimensional DECORE (Demanda, Control, Recompensa), que intenta examinar aquellos riesgos psicosociales que la investigación ha relacionado con enfermedad.
Los estudios del autocuidado de la salud advierten que se trata de una estrategia de difusión institucional
centrada en el individuo sin considerar la influencia de los grupos y las instituciones con los que el
individuo se relaciona. En tal sentido, el objetivo del trabajo fue la evaluación de un modelo relativo a
las estrategias institucionales del autocuidado, el uso del condón y la prevención de riesgos asociados
al VPH, considerando el escenario de la universidad de estudio, así como los hallazgos revisados en la
literatura. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio con una selección no probabilística
de 325 estudiantes de pregrado en una universidad pública del centro de México, considerando
su asistencia a cursos de salud sexual y reproductiva, así como su participación en la difusión de información
y distribución de condones en la comunidad estudiantil y comunitaria. A través de un modelo
estructural se encontró que el factor que refleja al autocuidado es la búsqueda de información, pero esta
variable se vinculó espuriamente con el auto-reporte del uso del condón, recomendándose la inclusión
de otros factores como el isomorfismo institucional, la elección de la pareja y la relación sexual con la
pareja o acompañante
En el marco de las políticas de salud, los estudios psicológicos de la adhesión al tratamiento
han demostrado que existe un razonamiento de costos y beneficios en torno a la prevención
de enfermedades, pero éste proceso deliberado, planificado y sistemático no siempre es
reproducido en comunidades migrantes como la del municipio de Huehuetoca, Estado de
México. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer los alcances y límites de las políticas
de salud centradas en la enfermedad, la atención social y el individuo con la finalidad de
discutir la pertinencia de enfocar la política en el sentido de comunidad, normas y valores de
una localidad como determinantes de la adhesión al tratamiento del cáncer cervical. Se llevó
a cabo un estudio no experimental, exploratorio y transversal con una selección no
probabilística de 258 estudiantes de una universidad pública asentada en una comunidad
del centro de México. Los resultados muestran que las normas son las determinantes
preponderantes de la adhesión y que éste proceso es regulado por creencias de la salud,
actitudes hacia la enfermedad e intenciones de tratamiento. Se advierten líneas de
investigación para delinear políticas de salud comunitaria.
Los estudios psicológicos de la salud
ocupacional han establecido el Modelo de
Demanda, Control y Soporte Social (MDCS) y el
Modelo de Desbalance, Esfuerzo y
Recompensa (MDER) para evidenciar los
efectos de los factores de riesgo
cardiovascular, cerebro-vascular y cardiopatía
isquémica sobre los trastornos músculo
esqueléticos, estrés, ausentismo, accidentes,
conflictos, insomnio, depresión y ansiedad. El
objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la
confiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que
mide los determinantes de la adhesión al
tratamiento del asma, así como el contraste de
un modelo para la anticipación de los factores
de riesgo y trastornos asociados que
coadyuven en la administración de los recursos
humanos en organizaciones que emplean
adultos mayores. Para su alcance, se llevó a
cabo un estudio no experimental, trasversal y
exploratorio con una selección no
probabilística de 140 migrantes de la tercera
edad que acudieron a centros de salud de
agosto 2015 a abril 2016 para consulta médica
relacionada con el asma, del estado de
México en las localidades de Huehuetoca,
Teoloyucan y Coyotepec. A partir de un
modelo estructural ⌠χ2 = 14,709 (8gl) p = 0,065;
GFI = 0,901; IFI = 0,930; CFI = 0,912; RMSEA =
0,004⌡se encontró que las capacidades
percibidas de adherencia al tratamiento
determinaron el auto-cuidado, las visitas al
médico, el uso de inhalador y la ingesta de
medicamentos. El análisis de las trayectorias
entre los factores evidencia los límites del
estudio relativos al enfoque no experimental, no
probabilístico, exploratorio y de trayectorias.
La distribucion Normal Multivariada es utilizada como supuesto de muchos analisis estadisticos parametricos tales como: MANOVA, Analisis Discriminante Lineal, Analisis de Componentes Principales, Correlacion Canonica, entre otras. Es importante verificar el cumplimiento de este supuesto para que los resultados obtenidos con los metodos mencionados tengan validez. En la literatura estadistica, existen diferentes pruebas que permiten verificar la normalidad multivariada. Sin embargo, aun no se ha estudiado lo suficiente, los criterios para determinar cual es la prueba mas adecuada que se debe utilizar bajo ciertas condiciones como: tamano de muestra, numero de variables, variabilidad conjunta. En la investigacion se utilizo simulacion de Monte Carlo para la comparacion de cuatro pruebas de normalidad multivariada que son: Mardia, Henze-Zinkler, Shapiro-Wilk Generalizada y Royston. Se determino que no existen diferencias significativas en la potencia de las pruebas consideradas en la presente investigacion. Por otro lado, la implementacion de las comparaciones se hizo con ayuda del programa estadistico R.
RESUMEN A partir de tres formulaciones teóricas, se elaboró un instrumento para medir las actitudes hacia los hospitales estableciendo dos factores: confianza y seguridad hospitalarias, como sus determi-nantes a través de un modelo de regresión lineal. Los resultados evidencian que las evaluaciones de los hospitales son determinados por la confianza hospitalaria. Sin embargo, mediante un mo-delo estructural, se demuestra que existen otros factores determinantes no incluidos en el modelo. Palabras clave: Confianza hospitalaria; Seguridad hospitalaria; Actitud hacia los hos-pitales. ABSTRACT From three theoretical approaches, an instrument was elaborated to measure the attitudes towards the hospitals and two factors: hospitable confidence and security, as their determinants through a model of linear regression settled down. The results demonstrate that evaluations towards the hospitals are determined by the hospitable confidence. Nevertheless, by means of a structural model, it is demonstrated that there are other determining factors not included in the model. n México, la atención a los derechohabientes es un problema fundamental para explicar la calidad de los servicios de salud públicos en relación con los privados. La Comisión de Transparencia a la Información, en su rubro de salud (SICUENTAS) y en su informe de 2009, señala que 49.9% del servi-cio está dirigido a los trabajadores federales y estatales, 40% a los afiliados al Instituto Mexicano del Se-guro Social, 9% al Instituto de Seguridad Social al Servicio de los Trabajadores del Estado y 0.6% a Petró-leos Mexicanos. En otras palabras, en la medida en que se incrementa el número de derechohabientes pro-venientes del servicio federal o estatal, disminuye la calidad de la atención pública y se incrementa a su vez la de la privada. Por lo anterior, quienes trabajan para el sector público tienden a acudir a los hospita-les privados. La calidad de la atención al derechohabiente es una consecuencia de la inversión de recursos en el sector salud. Si los presupuestos federal y estatal disminuyen, la calidad de la atención tiende asimismo a dis-minuir. En este sentido, la calidad de la atención al derechohabiente está indicada por la eficiencia (atención gratuita, rápida, oportuna, especializada y amable), la eficacia (cirugías o tratamientos pertinentes, inten-sivos y diversificados) y la efectividad (sanación intensiva y diversificada) del servicio. Consecuentemente,
All major contracts in social life, including work contracts, are based on the principle of reciprocity between the efforts invested in cooperative activities and the gains received in return. Failed reciprocity in terms of high effort and low gain elicits strong negative emotions and associated stress responses. The model of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) has been developed to identify conditions of failed reciprocity in social contracts, with a particular focus on work, and to predict reduced well being and increased susceptibility to illness as a consequence of this imbalance. The present article describes the theoretical foundation of this model and its measurement. Empirical evidence on the adverse effects on health of IRE is summarized and the implications for healthcare of this new evidence are discussed.
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