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© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd
D Kireev and A Offenhäusser
042004
2D MATER.
© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd
5
2D Mater.
2DM
2053-1583
10.1088/2053-1583/aad988
4
1
19
2D Materials
IOP
7
September
2018
Graphene & two-dimensional devices for bioelectronics
and neuroprosthetics
Dmitry Kireev and Andreas Offenhäusser
Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
E-mail: kirdmitry@gmail.com
Keywords: graphene, neural interfaces, bioelectronics, brain machine interface, nanotechnology
Abstract
Graphene bioelectronics is a groundbreaking field which emerged roughly 8 years ago offering
important opportunities for developing new kinds of sensors capable of establishing an outstanding
interface with soft tissue. Graphene-based transistors, as well as electrode arrays, have emerged as a
special group of biosensors with their own peculiarities, advantages and drawbacks. In this review,
we show the progress of the field from single device measurements to in vivo neuroprosthetic devices.
First, the general architectures of device fabrication and their implementation for extracellular
recordings are discussed, along with the basic sensing mechanisms essential for their use as sensors.
Then state-of-the-art approaches are introduced with a discussion of advantages and drawbacks in
the design/measurement architectures. As a whole, the review highlights the results from the ever-
growing discipline of graphene bioelectronics and draws reasonable conclusions for future research
directions. The possibility of using other device architectures or other 2D materials such as MoS2 and
MXenes for the same goal are assessed at the end of this review in order to highlight future challenges
and directions towards an efficient 2D materials-to-brain interface.
TOPICAL REVIEW
2018
RECEIVED
18 Apri l 2018
REVISED
30 July 20 18
ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION
10 Augu st 2018
PUBLISHED
7 Septem ber 2018
https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aad988
2D Mater. 5 (2018) 042004