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Method development to analyse the vertical and lateral dynamic road–vehicle interaction of heavy-duty vehicles

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Tobias Winkler
Tobias Winkler
Tobias Winkler
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Daniel Wegener at RWTH Aachen University
Daniel Wegener
Lutz Eckstein
Lutz Eckstein
Lutz Eckstein
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Abstract and Figures

Full vehicle simulations and in this context utilized tyre models play in many ways a key role to analyse the vehicle–road interaction. The tyre model requirements are conflicting: on the one hand, the quality of the simulation results is of great significance; on the other hand, the calculation effort increases with the increasing complexity of the model. In this field of research, the DFG Research Group FOR 2089 “Durable pavement constructions for future traffic loads” develops a new modelling approach to depict and analyse dependencies of the road–tyre interaction to increase the simulation quality of road load impacts. Because of high static and dynamic wheel loads of commercial vehicles (CV), these are decisively responsible for the vehicle-induced road load stresses. The high diversity in this vehicle class causes an extreme complexity for modelling and simulating the road load stress using multi-body simulation models. To enable an efficient methodology, a modular and scalable modelling approach for different commercial vehicle classes has been developed. Various vehicle components have been depicted as either rigid or flexible bodies. The result of this research gives an indication of the influence of the level of detail of modelling different components on the calculated wheel loads and the lateral vehicle behaviour. Special focus has been put on the tyre modelling approach. Mathematical tyre models are often used in vehicle dynamics simulations, but due to the simplified assumption of a point contact between the tyre and the road, they reflect the real road load inaccurately. The road–tyre interaction has a big influence on vehicle dynamics (Winkler in Efficient MBS-modelling of commercial vehicle for vertical dynamics simulations and handling simulations, chassis.tech.plus 2016, München, 2016); therefore, it is necessary to reproduce the contact area more accurately. Using a physical tyre model, the tyre–road interaction can be analysed, since this model simulates a pronounced contact patch and enables to analyse the contact pressure distribution. Supported by high-resolution road surface measurements, a methodology has been developed to examine the tyre force transmission potential in the contact patch. Effects of the high-resolution approach on vehicle dynamics have been investigated in order to give valuable input for the sizing and specification of road construction.
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Automotive and Engine Technology (2018) 3:129–139
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41104-018-0034-z
ORIGINAL PAPER
Method development toanalyse thevertical andlateral dynamic
road–vehicle interaction ofheavy-duty vehicles
TobiasWinkler1 · DanielWegener1· LutzEckstein1
Received: 27 August 2017 / Accepted: 31 July 2018 / Published online: 3 August 2018
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018
Abstract
Full vehicle simulations and in this context utilized tyremodels play in many ways a key role to analyse the vehicle–road
interaction. The tyremodel requirements are conflicting: on the one hand, the quality of the simulation results is of great
significance; on the other hand, the calculation effort increases with the increasing complexity of the model. In this field
of research, the DFG Research Group FOR 2089 “Durable pavement constructions for future traffic loads” develops a new
modelling approach to depict and analyse dependencies of the road–tyre interaction to increase the simulation quality of road
load impacts. Because of high static and dynamic wheel loads of commercial vehicles (CV), these are decisively responsible
for the vehicle-induced road load stresses. The high diversity in this vehicle class causes an extreme complexity for modelling
and simulating the road load stress using multi-body simulation models. To enable an efficient methodology, a modular and
scalable modelling approach for different commercial vehicle classes has been developed. Various vehicle components have
been depicted as either rigid or flexible bodies. The result of this research gives an indication of the influence of the level of
detail of modelling different components on the calculated wheel loads and the lateral vehicle behaviour. Special focus has
been put on the tyre modelling approach. Mathematical tyre models are often used in vehicle dynamics simulations, but due
to the simplified assumption of a point contact between the tyre and the road, they reflect the real road load inaccurately. The
road–tyre interaction has a big influence on vehicle dynamics(Winkler in Efficient MBS-modelling of commercial vehicle
for vertical dynamics simulations and handling simulations, chassis.tech.plus 2016, München, 2016); therefore, it is neces-
sary to reproduce the contact area more accurately. Using a physical tyre model, the tyre–road interaction can be analysed,
since this model simulates a pronounced contact patch and enables to analyse the contact pressure distribution. Supported
by high-resolution road surface measurements, a methodology has been developed to examine the tyre force transmission
potential in the contact patch. Effects of the high-resolution approach on vehicle dynamics have been investigated in order
to give valuable input for the sizing and specification of road construction.
Keywords Vertical and lateral dynamic· Road-vehicle interaction· Heavy-duty vehicle· Modular multi body modelling
approach· High definition road simulation model
1 Motivation
In the framework of the DFG Research Group FOR 2089
“Durable pavement constructions for future traffic loads”, the
development of future vehicle population forms an important
basis to derive robust requirements. Studies show that the
freight traffic on roads in Germany will increase around 81%
until 2050 compared to 2007, while the individual traffic
decreases slightly [4, 5]. The freight traffic with its high
static and dynamic wheel loads has a major influence on
road loads resp. damages and the road design. An analysis
of freight traffic on roads shows that the commercial vehicle
class has a great diversity. Previous investigations revealed
that the main goods are primarily transported by semi-
trailer trucks with a high growth rate, which is indicated
by an increase of the vehicle mileage of around 100% over
25years [5]. But not only semi-trailer trucks are of interest,
also other existing and future commercial vehicle classes
are relevant in order to determine road loads. To handle all
various classes as well as future trends in the development of
commercial vehicles, it is necessary to efficiently assemble
* Tobias Winkler
tobias.winkler@ika.rwth-aachen.de
1 Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge (ika) RWTH Aachen University,
Steinbachstr. 7, 52074Aachen, Germany
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Simulation of dynamics requires the highest accuracy of the road surface to precisely calculate reaction forces at the tires' contact and consider rolling resistances on various surfaces [2]. Winkler et al. [3] analyzed the road-vehicle interaction with the help of CRG (Curved Regular Grid) models. Yavvari et al. [4] created a road surface-aware algorithm for automated driving using Open CRG. ...
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