Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks in Baghdad City

Abstract

Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals of countries, are due to dense traffic, business districts, private vehicle use, and the number of population as compared to the area of cities. The purposes of the study are assessing of the efficiency of parking operation including Parking Index (PI), Parking Duration (PD) and Parking Turnovers (PT). The study area included four parks was to be selected in Baghdad city in Iraq based on the advantages of the land use, two in Al-Karkh area and the others in Al-Rusafa area. Parking data were surveyed manually to evaluate parking performance of each park depending on initial questionnaires and previous data. Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD, and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It showed that PI is 57.00, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT is 0.82, 1.36, 0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively. The study showed that P1 and P2 operated below the maximum capacity at PI lower than 50%, it also gave the indication that P2 sometimes operates with an overcapacity, this may due to bad management of the park in addition to the non-properly use for the electronic system which controls on entrance gates. Furthermore, it showed that P3 and P4 operated above the maximum capacity complying with policy 7 of the parking space requirements in parking code guidance 2012 of San Francisco Department of Transportation.

Full text

International Journal of
Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre)
E-ISSN : 2454-8006
DOI: http://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Volume 4, Issue 7
July - 2018
www.ijasre.net Page 111
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89
Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks in
Baghdad City
Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi1, Ahmed M. Ahmed2, Shams N. Aboud3, Al-Harith M. Khalaf4
Ibrahim W. Ibrahim5 and Bilal A. Abdullah6
Assistant Lecturer1, Graduated Bachelor Students2-6
Department of Civil Engineering
Al-Farabi University College
Baghdad, Al-Dora
Iraq
_______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems especially in the capitals of countries are due to
dense traffic, business districts, private vehicle use, and the number of population as compared to the area of cities.
The purposes of the study is assessing of the efficiency of parking operation including Parking Index (PI), Parking
Duration (PD) and Parking Turnovers (PT). Study area included four parks was to be selected in Baghdad city in Iraq
based on the advantages of the land use, two in Al-Karkh area and the others in Al-Rusafa area. Parking data were
surveyed manually to evaluate parking performance of each park depending on initial questionnaires and previous
data. Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It
showed that PI is 57.00, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT
is 0.82, 1.36, 0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively. The study showed that P1 and P2 operated
below the maximum capacity at PI lower than 50%, it also gave indication that P2 sometimes operates with an over
capacity, this may due to bad management of the park in addition to the non-properly use for the electronic system
which controls on entrance gates. Furthermore, it showed that P3 and P4 operated above the maximum capacity
complying with policy 7 of the parking space requirements in parking code guidance 2012 of San Francisco
Department of Transportation.
Key Words: Arrival-Departure Method, Parking Index, Parking Duration, Parking Turnovers.
1. INTRODUCTION
Parking facilities is an essential element of the highway mode of transportation. Any vehicle traveling on highways will at one
time or another be parked at some point for either a relatively short time or a much longer time, based on the reason for parking.
The growing use of the automobile systems as a personal feeder service has been increased the parking spaces demand at transit
stations. In a high density areas, especially in capitals, providing adequate parking bays to meet the parking demand is very
necessary to reduce the capacity of the streets and absolutely affect the level of service (LOS).
Parking is one of the major problems created by increasing road traffic; it has an effectiveness on the improvement of
transportation. Less space availability in urban areas results in increasing the parking space demand, especially in CBD affects the
choice of mode and has a great economic impact. With the increasing growth in vehicle population on road, the problem of
parking has assumed serious proportions in the study area. As a result, a systematic study of parking characteristic, demand, and
regulatory measures that are possible for the control of vehicle is very important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the
performance of off-street parks in Baghdad with a view to identify the various factors influencing the supply of parking facilities.

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 112
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
2. LITTERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
According to reference [1], parking surveys are conducted to collect the parking statistics. Since the duration of parking varies
with different vehicles, several statistics are used to access the parking need. The most important parking statistics are Parking
accumulation (PA) which is defined as the number of vehicles parked at a given instant of time. It can be plotted as a curve of
parking accumulative against time. While Parking Volume (PV) is the total number of vehicles parked at a given duration of time
or it means the sum of Initial account (I) of parked vehicle before survey and the number of Arrivals (A) during survey interval as
shown in (1). It does not account for repetition of vehicles. It means the actual number of vehicles entered in the area. On the other
hand, Parking Load (PL) gives the area under the accumulation curve. It can be obtained by simply multiplying the number of
vehicles occupying the parking area at each time interval with the time interval. Finally, three important parameters which give
indications of parking supply is Parking Index (PI) which is also called Parking Occupancy and it is defined as the ratio of parking
load to the Number of spaces available (N) as in (2). Also, Average Parking Duration (PD) which it is the ratio of parking load to
the parking volume as in (3). Furthermore, Parking Turnover (PT) which is the ratio of parking volume to the number of parking
spaces available. This can be expressed as number of vehicles per bay per time duration as in (4).
PV = I + A ---------- (1)
PI = PL / N ---------- (2)
PD = PL / PV ---------- (3)
PT = PV / N ---------- (4)
Reference [2] on traffic congestion and parking difficulties in Akure metropolis, Nigeria, they showed that parking problem in the
CBD of Akure is a major reason of traffic congestion. Constitutes of on-street parking is one major problem that makes the traffic
situation chaotic in Nigerian cities. Because most of the roads in Nigerian cities are narrow and lack pedestrian lanes; parking
along these narrow roads therefore results in traffic congestion. This is due to the unavailability of off-street parking facilities
along the routes of transportation coincides with inadequate management of traffic [3]. According to the reference [4] license plate
method was used to analyze the collected data related to campus population and car ownership. The data were analyzed to
determine major parking characteristics in study area and define current parking inadequacies and the anticipated future parking
situation in the study area. According to the projection formulas were developed, the additional parking supply needed by the
target year 2015 were 644 spaces in order to cover the demand of future parking in the study area. On the other hand, in western
countries, standards requirements for parking have been rechecked towards limiting the use of private car in congested central
areas but obtaining minimum levels to conserve activities of city center. This is most feasible in urbanized areas, where activities
are interacted because of land use mixes and bad public transportation system that would decrease uses of private cars [5]. Cities
are classified in its characteristics by different land uses activities. The efficiency of this characterization based on existing
transportation systems, of which parking facilities to be expressed as a major component [6]. According to reference [7], in
situations of provision lack and weak planning as related the activities of other urban land use, the increasing in numbers of
vehicles without any adequate infrastructure will increase the problems of traffic congestion, traffic delays, parking problems,
accidents, and urban land use severance. Vehicles are one of the dominant modes of transportation, urban circulation is one of the
most commonly problems and parking seems to be an important element in development of transportation [8]. Development in the
standards of people living caused to increase in fares as much as the growth of cities to contemporary urban traffic. However, for a
city to limit as a system, transportation must be efficient and reliable to facilitate, not only intercity movement of people and their
activities, but encourage intra-city movements within the city. These movements are from point of origin to the destination [9].
4. STUDY AREA
The study area lies in the capital Baghdad in "Al-Karkh" and "Al-Rusafa" areas. It represents four important parks are Al-Ummah
Park (P1), 9 Nissan Park (2), Al-Bayaa Park (P3), Allawi Southern Park (4). The reason to choses these parks based on the
advantages of the land use, and provision of the initial questionnaires and data collected from the State Company for Private
Transport which subordinate to the Ministry of Transportation in Baghdad City. A brief description for each park is expressed in
Table 1.1. The location of parks around the area is shown in Figure 1.1, while the geometric details of study area for each one is
shown from Figure 1.2 to 1.5 using Google Maps from the Central of Geographic Information System.

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 113
Table 1.1 Details of Parks
Se.
Park Name
Park Code
Capacity
(No. of Spaces)
Approximated
Cross Sectional
Area (m2)
District/
Area
Park Use
Characteristics
Global Coordination
Longitude
Latitude
1
Al-Ummah
P1
100
6800
Bab Al-
Sharqi/
Rusafa
Residential
-44.408880
-33.329158
2
9 Nissan
P2
150
5600
New-
Baghdad/
Rusafa
Residential
-44.470744
-33.310318
3
Al-Bayaa
P3
260
7800
Al-Bayaa/
Al-Karkh
Residential
-44.338100
-33.261009
4
Allawi
Southern
P4
1000
21275
Al-Allawi/
Al-Karkh
Residential and
Commercial
-44.408880
-33.329158
Figure 1.1 Google Maps of Parks Location

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 114
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Figure 1.2 Google Maps of Al-Ummah Park Location
Figure 1.3 Google Maps of 9 Nissan Park Location

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 115
Figure 1.4 Google Maps of Al-Bayaa Park Location
Figure 1.5 Google Maps of Allawi Southern Park Location

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 116
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Initial questionnaires have been collected
from the officer of park reception.
5. ASSESSMENT OF METHODOLOGY
The most common parking surveys conducted on parking studies are Arrival-Departure and license plate methods of survey. In
this study, Arrival-Departure Method is used for surveying. The occupancy count in the selected parking area is taken at the
beginning, also the number of vehicles that enter (Arrival) and leave (Departure) the parking area for a particular time interval is
counted. Furthermore, the final PI, PD and PT in the parking area is obtained to show the operation performance of each park. The
advantage of this survey that the labor required is very less, two persons may be enough, while the disadvantage that it cannot
estimate the parking fare (income) fairly from this survey. The total mentioned procedure of the study is shown in Figure 1.6.
Figure 1.6 Procedure of the Study Methodology
5. DATA COLLECTION
Required geometric and parking data are collected manually by a group of engineers based on the initial questionnaires and
collected previous data during different days (three hours per day was taken in consideration to obtain peak hour) as shown later.
5.1 Al-Ummah Park (P1)
Data was collected on April 10, 2018 as shown in Table 1.2. The Initial count of vehicles before beginning of survey was 57,
where the number of park spaces is 100. The number of arrival and departure vehicles were obtained. Based on the questionnaires,
the peak hour of parked vehicles is during the interval from (1:00-4:00) P.M.
Table 1.2 Arrival-Departure vehicles of Al-Ummah Park
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
1:00-1:05
1
2
2:00-2:05
2
4
3:00-3:05
2
2
1:05-1:10
1
1
2:05-2:10
3
7
3:05-3:10
0
2
1:10-1:15
3
2
2:10-2:15
3
6
3:10-3:15
3
4
1:15-1:20
2
3
2:15-2:20
1
8
3:15-3:20
1
2
1:20-1:25
1
1
2:20-2:25
4
4
3:20-3:25
0
1
1:25-1:30
5
4
2:25-2:30
6
7
3:25-3:30
4
5
1:30-1:35
4
2
2:30-2:35
5
5
3:30-3:35
3
3
1:35-1:40
2
2
2:35-2:40
2
3
3:35-3:40
1
5
1:40-1:45
2
1
2:40-2:45
1
5
3:40-3:45
4
4
1:45-1:50
1
3
2:45-2:50
1
4
3:45-3:50
1
4
1:50-1:55
0
2
2:50-2:55
2
3
3:50-3:55
1
3
1:55-2:00
3
5
2:55-3:00
5
4
3:55-4:00
2
5
Parking data collection
Conclusions and Recommendations
Existing geometric data from the field measurement using tape and satellite image
Existing parking data (Arrival and Departure vehicles) were recorded manually by team of observers and prepared EXCEL sheet
Assessing the parking performance analysis (PI, PD and PT) by using the calculation of Arrival-Departure Method

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 117
5.2 9 Nissan Park (P2)
Data was collected on April 23, 2018 as shown in Table 1.3. The Initial count of vehicles before beginning of survey was 73,
where the number of park spaces is 150. The number of arrival and departure vehicles were obtained. Based on the questionnaires,
the peak hour of parked vehicles is during the interval from (6:00-9:00) A.M.
Table 1.3 Arrival-Departure vehicles of 9 Nissan Park
Time (min)
A.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
A.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
A.M.
Arrival
Departure
6:00-6:05
14
5
7:00-7:05
15
6
8:00-8:05
13
11
6:05-6:10
11
3
7:05-7:10
7
5
8:05-8:10
6
8
6:10-6:15
9
2
7:10-7:15
9
10
8:10-8:15
8
9
6:15-6:20
5
3
7:15-7:20
7
11
8:15-8:20
5
12
6:20-6:25
4
1
7:20-7:25
8
16
8:20-8:25
7
7
6:25-6:30
7
5
7:25-7:30
14
11
8:25-8:30
11
11
6:30-6:35
13
2
7:30-7:35
15
8
8:30-8:35
9
13
6:35-6:40
8
6
7:35-7:40
3
13
8:35-8:40
4
6
6:40-6:45
6
3
7:40-7:45
18
14
8:40-8:45
15
12
6:45-6:50
11
1
7:45-7:50
11
11
8:45-8:50
10
8
6:50-6:55
15
4
7:50-7:55
4
11
8:50-8:55
3
5
6:55-7:00
9
7
7:55-8:00
11
9
8:55-9:00
9
7
5.3 Al-Bayaa Park (P3)
Data was collected on April 19, 2018 as shown in Table 1.4. The Initial count of vehicles before beginning of survey was 96,
where the number of park spaces is 260. The number of arrival and departure vehicles were obtained. Based on the questionnaires,
the peak hour of parked vehicles is during the interval from (1:00-4:00) A.M.
Table 1.4 Arrival-Departure vehicles of Al-Bayaa Park
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
1:00-1:05
2
3
2:00-2:05
1
3
3:00-3:05
1
3
1:05-1:10
0
2
2:05-2:10
3
0
3:05-3:10
3
2
1:10-1:15
1
3
2:10-2:15
8
4
3:10-3:15
2
5
1:15-1:20
3
1
2:15-2:20
6
2
3:15-3:20
0
2
1:20-1:25
1
2
2:20-2:25
6
7
3:20-3:25
1
6
1:25-1:30
5
4
2:25-2:30
7
11
3:25-3:30
4
9
1:30-1:35
1
3
2:30-2:35
5
8
3:30-3:35
3
8
1:35-1:40
2
0
2:35-2:40
5
3
3:35-3:40
2
5
1:40-1:45
2
2
2:40-2:45
3
2
3:40-3:45
1
2
1:45-1:50
4
1
2:45-2:50
1
0
3:45-3:50
2
2
1:50-1:55
3
1
2:50-2:55
2
4
3:50-3:55
2
4
1:55-2:00
6
5
2:55-3:00
1
4
3:55-4:00
0
5
5.4 Allawi Southern Park (P4)
Data was collected on April 15, 2018 as shown in Table 1.5. The Initial count of vehicles before beginning of survey was 412,
where the number of park spaces is 1000. The number of arrival and departure vehicles were obtained. Based on the
questionnaires, the peak hour of parked vehicles is during the interval from (1:00-4:00) A.M.

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 118
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Table 1.5 Arrival-Departure vehicles of Allawi Southern Park
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
1:00-1:05
11
10
2:00-2:05
10
15
3:00-3:05
3
14
1:05-1:10
10
12
2:05-2:10
15
16
3:05-3:10
7
10
1:10-1:15
8
10
2:10-2:15
9
19
3:10-3:15
9
8
1:15-1:20
9
9
2:15-2:20
8
18
3:15-3:20
10
6
1:20-1:25
7
6
2:20-2:25
9
20
3:20-3:25
8
9
1:25-1:30
9
9
2:25-2:30
11
17
3:25-3:30
5
5
1:30-1:35
7
6
2:30-2:35
13
15
3:30-3:35
6
8
1:35-1:40
6
8
2:35-2:40
6
14
3:35-3:40
3
10
1:40-1:45
5
10
2:40-2:45
12
9
3:40-3:45
6
10
1:45-1:50
6
11
2:45-2:50
10
10
3:45-3:50
5
7
1:50-1:55
5
7
2:50-2:55
11
11
3:50-3:55
4
6
1:55-2:00
4
5
2:55-3:00
10
12
3:55-4:00
4
3
6. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Arrival-Departure Method was used for obtaining the parking performance for each park including PI, PD and PT as stated in
details later.
6.1 Al-Ummah Park (P1)
Data results from Table 1.6 and Figure 1.7, shown that the peak hour time for the study of this park is from (1:00-2:00) P.M. It
gives average PI, PD and PT of 57.00 %, 41.71 min/veh and 0.82 veh/space respectively, where the PI above the maximum
capacity (PI = 50%), therefore; the results classify the park is not adequate in performance.
Table 1.6 Data Results of Al-Ummah Park
Remarks
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Accumulation
(veh)
Parking Index,
PI (%)
Parking load,
PL (veh. min.)
Initial count
(veh)
57
Peak Hour
1:00-1:05
1
2
56
56.00
280
1:05-1:10
1
1
56
56.00
280
Spaces
100
1:10-1:15
3
2
57
57.00
285
PV (veh)
82
1:15-1:20
2
3
56
56.00
280
PL (veh. min.)
3420
1:20-1:25
1
1
56
56.00
280
PD (min)
41.71
1:25-1:30
5
4
57
57.00
285
PT (veh/space)
0.82
1:30-1:35
4
2
59
59.00
295
PI (%)
57
1:35:1:40
2
2
59
59.00
295
1:40-1:45
2
1
60
60.00
300
1:45-1:50
1
3
58
58.00
290
1:50-1:55
0
2
56
56.00
280
1:55-2:00
3
5
54
54.00
270
2:00-2:05
2
4
52
52.00
260
2:05-2:10
3
7
48
48.00
240
2:10-2:15
3
6
45
45.00
225
2:15-2:20
1
8
38
38.00
190
2:20-2:25
4
4
38
38.00
190
2:25-2:30
6
7
37
37.00
185
2:30-2:35
5
5
37
37.00
185
2:35-2:40
2
3
36
36.00
180

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 119
2:40-2:45
1
5
32
32.00
160
2:45-2:50
1
4
29
29.00
145
2:50-2:55
2
3
28
28.00
140
2:55-3:00
5
4
29
29.00
145
3:00-3:05
2
2
29
29.00
145
3:05-3:10
0
2
27
27.00
135
3:10-3:15
3
4
26
26.00
130
3:15-3:20
1
2
25
25.00
125
3:20-3:25
0
1
24
24.00
120
3:25-3:30
4
5
23
23.00
115
3:30-3:35
3
3
23
23.00
115
3:35-3:40
1
5
19
19.00
95
3:40-3:45
4
4
19
19.00
95
3:45-3:50
1
4
16
16.00
80
3:50-3:55
1
3
14
14.00
70
3:55-4:00
2
5
11
11.00
55
Total during Peak Hour
684 %
3420 veh. min.
Average during Peak Hour
57.00 %
57 veh. hr.
Figure 1.7 Accumulation Curve of Al-Ummah Park
6.2 9 Nissan Park (P2)
Data results from Table 1.7 and Figure 1.8, shown that the peak hour time for the study of this park is from (6:50-7:50) P.M, noted
that the park operates on over capacity at the time periods of (7:00-7:15) and (7:30-7:35), which is indicate that there is a clear
problem in management of the park system. It also, gives average PI, PD and PT of 97.72 %, 43.11 min/veh and 1.36 veh/space
respectively, where PI above maximum capacity (PI = 50%), therefore; results classify the park is not adequate in performance.
510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Accumulation (veh) 56 56 57 56 56 57 59 59 60 58 56 54 52 48 45 38 38 37 37 36 32 29 28 29 29 27 26 25 24 23 23 19 19 16 14 9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ACCUMULATION (VEHICLE)
Al-Ummah Park
Peak Hour

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 120
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Table 1.7 Data Results of 9 Nissan Park
Remarks
Time (min)
A.M.
Arrival
Departure
Accumulation
(veh)
Parking Index,
PI (%)
Parking load,
PL (veh. min.)
Initial count
(veh)
73
6:00-6:05
14
5
82
54.67
410
6:05-6:10
11
3
90
60.00
450
Spaces
150
6:10-6:15
9
2
97
64.67
485
PV (veh)
204
6:15-6:20
5
3
99
66.00
495
PL (veh. min.)
8795
6:20-6:25
4
1
102
68.00
510
PD (min)
43.11
6:25-6:30
7
5
104
69.33
520
PT (veh/space)
1.36
6:30-6:35
13
2
115
76.67
575
PI (%)
97.72
6:35:6:40
8
6
117
78.00
585
6:40-6:45
6
3
120
80.00
600
6:45-6:50
11
1
130
86.67
650
Peak Hour
6:50-6:55
15
4
141
94.00
705
6:55-7:00
9
7
143
95.33
715
Over Capacity
7:00-7:05
15
6
152
101.33
760
7:05-7:10
7
5
154
102.67
770
7:10-7:15
9
10
153
102.00
765
7:15-7:20
7
11
149
99.33
745
7:20-7:25
8
16
141
94.00
705
7:25-7:30
14
11
144
96.00
720
Over Capacity
7:30-7:35
15
8
151
100.67
755
7:35-7:40
3
13
141
94.00
705
7:40-7:45
18
14
145
96.67
725
7:45-7:50
11
11
145
96.67
725
7:50-7:55
4
11
138
92.00
690
7:55-8:00
11
9
140
93.33
700
8:00-8:05
13
11
142
94.67
710
8:05-8:10
6
8
140
93.33
700
8:10-8:15
8
9
139
92.67
695
8:15-8:20
5
12
132
88.00
660
8:20-8:25
7
7
132
88.00
660
8:25-8:30
11
11
132
88.00
660
8:30-8:35
9
13
128
85.33
640
8:35-8:40
4
6
126
84.00
630
8:40-8:45
15
12
129
86.00
645
8:45-8:50
10
8
131
87.33
655
8:50-8:55
3
5
129
86.00
645
8:55-9:00
9
7
131
87.33
655
Total during Peak Hour
1172.67 %
8795 veh. min.
Average during Peak Hour
97.72 %
146.58 veh. hr.

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 121
Figure 1.8 Accumulation Curve of 9 Nissan Park
6.3 Al-Bayaa Park (P3)
Data results from Table 1.8 and Figure 1.9, shown that the peak hour time for the study of this park is from (1:00-2:00) P.M. It
also, gives average PI, PD and PT of 39.39 %, 42.67 min/veh and 0.55 veh/space respectively, where the PI below the maximum
capacity (PI = 50%), therefore; the results classify the park is adequate in performance.
Table 1.8 Data Results of Al-Bayaa Park
Remarks
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Accumulation
(veh)
Parking Index,
PI (%)
Parking load,
PL (veh. min.)
Initial count
96
1:00-1:05
2
3
95
36.54
475
1:05-1:10
0
2
93
35.77
465
Spaces
260
1:10-1:15
1
3
91
35.00
455
PV (veh)
144
1:15-1:20
3
1
93
35.77
465
PL (veh. min.)
6145
1:20-1:25
1
2
92
35.38
460
PD (min)
42.67
1:25-1:30
5
4
93
35.77
465
PT (veh/space)
0.55
1:30-1:35
1
3
91
35.00
455
PI (%)
39.39
1:35:1:40
2
0
93
35.77
465
1:40-1:45
2
2
93
35.77
465
1:45-1:50
4
1
96
36.92
480
1:50-1:55
3
1
98
37.69
490
1:55-2:00
6
5
99
38.08
495
Peak Hour
2:00-2:05
1
3
97
37.31
485
2:05-2:10
3
0
100
38.46
500
2:10-2:15
8
4
104
40.00
520
2:15-2:20
6
2
108
41.54
540
2:20-2:25
6
7
107
41.15
535
510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 11 0 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Accumulation (veh) 82 90 97 99 102 104 115 117 120 130 141 143 152 154 153 149 141 144 151 141 145 145 138 140 142 140 139 132 132 132 128 126 129 131 129 131
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
ACCUMULATION (VEHICLE)
9 Nissan Park
Peak Hour

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 122
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
2:25-2:30
7
11
103
39.62
515
2:30-2:35
5
8
100
38.46
500
2:35-2:40
5
3
102
39.23
510
2:40-2:45
3
2
103
39.62
515
2:45-2:50
1
0
104
40.00
520
2:50-2:55
2
4
102
39.23
510
2:55-3:00
1
4
99
38.08
495
3:00-3:05
1
3
97
37.31
485
3:05-3:10
3
2
98
37.69
490
3:10-3:15
2
5
95
36.54
475
3:15-3:20
0
2
93
35.77
465
3:20-3:25
1
6
88
33.85
440
3:25-3:30
4
9
83
31.92
415
3:30-3:35
3
8
78
30.00
390
3:35-3:40
2
5
75
28.85
375
3:40-3:45
1
2
74
28.46
370
3:45-3:50
2
2
74
28.46
370
3:50-3:55
2
4
72
27.69
360
3:55-4:00
0
5
67
25.77
335
Total during Peak Hour
472.7 %
6145 veh. min.
Average during Peak Hour
39.39 %
102.42 veh. hr.
Figure 1.9 Accumulation Curve of Al-Bayaa Park
510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 11 0 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Accumulation (veh) 95 93 91 93 92 93 91 93 93 96 98 99 97 100 104 108 107 103 100 102 103 104 102 99 97 98 95 93 88 83 78 75 74 74 72 67
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
ACCUMULATION (VEHICLE)
Al-Bayaa Park
Peak Hour

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 123
6.4 Allawi Southern Park (P4)
Data results from Table1.9 and Figure1.10, shown that the peak hour time for the study of this park is from (1:00-2:00) P.M. It
also, gives average PI, PD and PT of 35.71 %, 38.88 min/veh and 0.55 veh/space respectively, where the PI below the maximum
capacity (PI = 50%), therefore; the results classify the park is adequate in performance.
Table 1.9 Data Results of Alawi Southern Park
Remarks
Time (min)
P.M.
Arrival
Departure
Accumulatio
n (veh)
Parking Index,
PI (%)
Parking load,
PL (veh. min.)
Initial count
412
Peak Hour
1:00-1:05
7
20
399
39.90
1995
1:05-1:10
10
19
390
39.00
1950
Spaces
1000
1:10-1:15
11
22
379
37.90
1895
PV (veh)
551
1:15-1:20
16
21
374
37.40
1870
PL (veh. min.)
21425
1:20-1:25
14
15
373
37.30
1865
PD (min)
38.88
1:25-1:30
12
20
365
36.50
1825
PT (veh/space)
0.55
1:30-1:35
9
23
351
35.10
1755
PI (%)
35.71
1:35:1:40
10
18
343
34.30
1715
1:40-1:45
8
25
326
32.60
1630
1:45-1:50
15
15
326
32.60
1630
1:50-1:55
12
10
328
32.80
1640
1:55-2:00
15
12
331
33.10
1655
2:00-2:05
10
20
321
32.10
1605
2:05-2:10
5
18
308
30.80
1540
2:10-2:15
10
20
298
29.80
1490
2:15-2:20
15
19
294
29.40
1470
2:20-2:25
10
25
279
27.90
1395
2:25-2:30
15
20
274
27.40
1370
2:30-2:35
15
15
274
27.40
1370
2:35-2:40
5
15
264
26.40
1320
2:40-2:45
15
10
269
26.90
1345
2:45-2:50
15
10
274
27.40
1370
2:50-2:55
15
15
274
27.40
1370
2:55-3:00
10
9
275
27.50
1375
3:00-3:05
10
12
273
27.30
1365
3:05-3:10
3
14
262
26.20
1310
3:10-3:15
7
10
259
25.90
1295
3:15-3:20
11
8
262
26.20
1310
3:20-3:25
10
6
266
26.60
1330
3:25-3:30
8
10
264
26.40
1320
3:30-3:35
5
5
264
26.40
1320
3:35-3:40
6
8
262
26.20
1310
3:40-3:45
3
10
255
25.50
1275
3:45-3:50
6
12
249
24.90
1245
3:50-3:55
5
7
247
24.70
1235
3:55-4:00
4
6
245
24.50
1225
Total during Peak Hour
428.50 %
21425 veh. min.
Average during Peak Hour
35.71 %
357.08 veh. hr.

Mahmood K. Al-Obaidi et. al., Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks ….
www.ijasre.net Page 124
DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2018.32806
Figure 1.10 Accumulation Curve of Allawi Sothern Park
6. CONCLUTIONS
Three hours per day was taken in consideration to obtain peak hour performance based on previous data and questionnaires. It was
noted that the peak time for P1 and P4 is from (1:00-2:00), P2 is from (6:50-7:50) A.M. and P3 is from (2:00-3:00) P.M. On the
other hand, Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It
showed that PI is 57, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT is 0.82, 1.36,
0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively. The study showed that P1 and P2 operated below the maximum capacity
at PI lower than 50%, it also gave indication that P2 sometimes operates with an over capacity, this may due to bad management
of the park in addition to the non-properly use for the electronic system which controls on entrance gates. Furthermore. It showed
that P3 and P4 operated above the maximum capacity complying with policy 7 of the parking space requirements in parking code
guidance 2012 of San Francisco Department of Transportation.
7. RECCOMMENDATIONS
It is necessary to design a computerized system (especially web-page including a server join the state company for private
transport with all parks) controlling on the arrival and departure vehicles and storing data for at least a month. Also, encourage
pedestrians not to use vehicles parked near to park that discordant to the legal parking. On the other hand, the possibility of
converting the park management to investment management or public-private partnership.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Al-Farabi University College, State Company for Private Transport (Ministry
of Transportation), the Departments of Engineering Contracts and Geographic Information Systems (Ministry of Planning) for
supporting this research.
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510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 10 5 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Accumulation (veh) 399 390 379 374 373 365 351 343 326 326 328 331 321 308 298 294 279 274 274 264 269 274 274 275 273 262 259 262 266 264 264 262 255 249 247 245
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
ACCUMULATION (VEHICLE)
Allawi Sothern Park (P4)
Peak Hour

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Vol 4 (7), July - 2018
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.89 Page 125
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