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Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae): a preliminary note on its appearance in Crete and on range expansion in Greece and coastal areas of northwestern Turkey
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The present paper reports some new records of the species Geranium Bronze (Cacyreus marshalli) from certain localities in the Mediterranean part of the South-East Balkan Peninsula, along with data regarding its biology. The collection of the data was done as a part of field work across Bulgaria, Greece and the Republic of Macedonia, as well as from other different sources (literature data, personal communications and the Internet). The first finding of the Geranium Bronze in the R. of Macedonia is also reported here.
The butterfly fauna of Albania, a country located in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, has remained
poorly studied, even though 201 species have been reported. It was expected that new species would be
added to the country’s checklist because of their geographic ranges and known occurrence in adjacent,
usually better surveyed regions. We recorded two new species (Anthocharis damone, Melitaea diamina)
during faunal field explorations in 2003-2012 and a third (Cacyreus marshalli) during a tourist visit to
Tiranë, thus increasing to 204 the number of species recorded in the country. In addition, we provide the
first chronological records of Colias aurorina and Pieris balcana. We also confirmed the occurrence of
Apatura metis, which was recorded in this country more than 80 years ago. For the species recorded we
have extended their known geographical ranges in southern Europe. At present, Albania is the country in
the western Balkans with the second highest number of butterfly species recorded after Greece (235) and
ahead of Macedonia (203).
In July and September 2010, two samples of infested geranium plants (Pelargonium spp.), which were originally collected from Kifi ssia, Attica-Greece, were received at the Laboratory of Biological Control at Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Greece. Larvae were taken from infested plants and kept under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C, 70±5% RH and under a photoperiod of 16L:8D h until adults emerged. Adults were identifi ed as the Geranium Bronze Butterfly, Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). This species is recorded for the fi rst time for mainland Greece. Cacyreus marshalli is on the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for the regulation as quarantine pests. Geranium Bronze Butterfly has the potential to establish in Greece and the rest of the Mediterranean basin as climatic conditions can allow this pest to overwinter outdoors and its host plants are commonly propagated.
Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaenidae) is recorded for the forst time from Turkey.
The establishment of the lycaenid butterfly Cacyreus marshalli on the island of Majorca (Spain), originating from southern Africa, has already been reported (Eitschberger & Stamer, 1990; Sarto i Monteys & Masó, 1991). The latter warned of the likelihood of this species being introduced to neighbouring areas, particularly the northeastern coast of Spain (the Communities of Valencia and Catalonia) and the other islands of the balearic archipelago. The present work reports the finding of this species on the islands of Menorca and Ibiza and its apparent absence, for now, from the island of Formentera. Its present status in the archipelago is discussed with the likelihood of invading the Iberian Peninsula and the European continent.
First finding in Europe of a wasp, egg parasitoid of the Geranium Bronze Butterfly, Cacyreus marshalli Butler 1898 (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae), pest of ornamental geraniums (genus Pelargonium). Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood, 1839), a well-known egg parasitoid of Lepidoptera, which occurs naturally in Catalonia and other parts of Spain, has been found parasitizing eggs of this lycaenid butterfly. Despite the butterfly was introduced into Europe about 13 years ago and broadly studied since then, not a single record had been so far brought forth concerning parasitoids of its immature stages. This finding is significant because it opens the door to possible biological control methods against this destructive Pelargonium pest which is rapidly spreading in Europe.
The occurrence of a well-established population of Cacyreus marshalli Butler 1898 (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae) on the island of Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) is confirmed. The butterfly is to be found abundant throughout the island, being its larval foodplant cultivated geraniums of the genus Pelargonium, of which it has become a serious pest. This species, originating from South Africa, is new to the European butterfly fauna.
In 2011, EPPO conducted a survey among its member countries to re-evaluate the status of 14 pests currently listed on the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests: Cacoecimorpha pronubana, Cacyreus marshalli, Ciborinia camelliae, Dickeya (Erwinia) chrysanthemi pv. dianthicola, Frankliniella occidentalis, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phialophora cinerescens, Puccina horiana, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Viteus vitifoliae, Xanthomonas fragariae. As a result of the survey, it was concluded that all these pests should be maintained on the A2 List. Réévaluation des organismes listés par l'OEPP En 2011, l'OEPP a réalisé une enquête parmi ses pays membres pour réévaluer la situation de 14 organismes nuisibles faisant actuellement partie de la Liste A2 de l'OEPP des organismes nuisibles recommandés pour réglementation en tant qu'organismes de quarantaines: Cacoecimorpha pronubana, Cacyreus marshalli, Ciborinia camelliae, Dickeya (Erwinia) chrysanthemi pv. dianthicola, Frankliniella occidentalis, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phialophora cinerescens, Puccina horiana, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Viteus vitifoliae, Xanthomonas fragariae. Suite à cette enquête, il a été conclu que tous ces organismes devaient restés sur la Liste A2.
The first case in Europe is reported of parasitization of the geranium bronze butterfly Ca-cyreus marshalli, an exotic insect pest from South Africa, by an indigenous tachinid parasitoid, Aplomya confinis (Fallen). A. confinis is known as a solitary, larval parasitoid of lycaenid butter-flies. One specimen was obtained from a C. marshalli larva which was collected in September 2006 at Scafati (Campania, Italy).
Cacyreus marshalli is newly recorded for the Greek island of Corfu, examples having been observed during the autumn of 2008. Observations on other species of butterflies noted on the island during the same period are also recorded.
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