Article

Le cerf : approche écologique et historique dans le massif vosgien. Deuxième partie

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  • Expert forestier France
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Abstract

Au XXe siècle, le cerf devient un gibier intéressant pour la chasse et est soumis aux règles de droit national. Des règles de chasse sont édictées pour réguler les populations, qui ont largement progressé en quelques décennies. L’évolution de la sylviculture vers l’artificialisation des peuplements et des faibles densités de peuplements, le nourrissage des animaux l’hiver, et l’agriculture intensive ont contribué à l’explosion des populations d’ongulés sauvages, en augmentant artificiellement la capacité alimentaire du milieu. L’absence de prédateurs est également en cause. Pour limiter les populations d’ongulés, il faudrait mettre en place une politique intelligente de restriction de la demande des ressources naturelles de la forêt : une gestion forestière plus proche du modèle naturel (type gestion jardinatoire qui abaisse la capacité alimentaire des sousbois, en les assombrissant), le respect des lois de la chasse, le retour des prédateurs. D’autres mesures à mettre en place sont de limiter la pénétration excessive du public en rendant l’accès aux forêts moins facile.

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