New host records of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from central Mexico

Abstract

Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) feed during their larval stage on wood from recently dead or diseased trees and may have a wide variety of hosts. However, reports of larval hosts for Cerambycidae could be misinterpreted from field observations. The use of freshly cut branches to attract longhorn beetles is a method that provides reliable information about which hosts they use. This study reports new records of larval hosts of longhorn beetles in the tropical dry forest of San Andres de la Cal, Morelos, Mexico. In the study area, species of woody plants were sampled, from each of which sections of branches were cut and left exposed to local field conditions for two months to attract beetles. Branches were later collected and placed in emergence chambers. A total of 26 species of Cerambycidae emerged from the branches of 51 species of woody plants of the families Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Burseraceae, Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae and Rubiaceae. For all 26 cerambycid species, we found previously unreported hosts, and for nine species, the hosts we report are the first recorded in the literature. The nine species whose host relationships have not been previously reported are: Euderces basimaculatus Giesbert & Chemsak 1997; E. pulcher (Bates, 1874); Elytroleptus grandis Linsley 1935; Neocompsa puncticollis asperula (Bates, 1885); Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans (Thomson, 1865); Olenosus serrimanus Bates, 1872; Oreodera brailovskyi Chemsak & Noguera, 1993; O. copei McCarty, 2001 and Spliaenothecus picticornis Bates, 1880. ©2018 Pacific Coast Entomological Society. All Rights Reserved.

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critical research.
New host records of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from central
Mexico
Author(s): Orthon R. Vargas-Cardoso, Angélica M. Corona-López, Víctor López-
Martínez, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Rodolfo Figueroa-Brito and Víctor H.
Toledo-Hernández
Source: Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 94(2):91-102.
Published By: Pacific Coast Entomological Society
https://doi.org/10.3956/2018-94.2.91
URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3956/2018-94.2.91
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THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST
94(2):91–102, (2018)
New host records of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from central Mexico
ORTHON R. VARGAS-CARDOSO1, ANGÉLICA M. CORONA-LÓPEZ1,
VÍCTOR LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ2, ALEJANDRO FLORES-PALACIOS1,
RODOLFO FIGUEROA-BRITO3 AND VÍCTOR H. TOLEDO-HERNÁNDEZ1*
1Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, México,
e-mails: biol_orthoncardoso@hotmail.es, acorona@uaem.mx,
alejandro. orez@uaem.mx, victor.toledo@uaem.mx
2Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de
Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, México, e-mail: victor.lopez@uaem.mx
3Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional,
62731, Yautepec, México, e-mail: r gueroa@ipn.mx
*Corresponding author
Abstract. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) feed during their larval stage on wood
from recently dead or diseased trees and may have a wide variety of hosts. However, reports
of larval hosts for Cerambycidae could be misinterpreted from  eld observations. The use of
freshly cut branches to attract longhorn beetles is a method that provides reliable information
about which hosts they use. This study reports new records of larval hosts of longhorn beetles
in the tropical dry forest of San Andres de la Cal, Morelos, Mexico. In the study area, species
of woody plants were sampled, from each of which sections of branches were cut and left ex-
posed to local  eld conditions for two months to attract beetles. Branches were later collected
and placed in emergence chambers. A total of 26 species of Cerambycidae emerged from the
branches of 51 species of woody plants of the families Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Burseraceae,
Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malpighiaceae, Mal-
vaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae and Rubiaceae. For all 26 cerambycid species, we found previously
unreported hosts, and for nine species, the hosts we report are the  rst recorded in the litera-
ture. The nine species whose host relationships have not been previously reported are: Euderces
basimaculatus Giesbert & Chemsak 1997; E. pulcher (Bates, 1874); Elytroleptus grandis Linsley
1935; Neocompsa puncticollis asperula (Bates, 1885); Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans
(Thomson, 1865); Olenosus serrimanus Bates, 1872; Oreodera brailovskyi Chemsak & Noguera,
1993; O. copei McCarty, 2001 and Sphaenothecus picticornis Bates, 1880.
Key Words. Saproxylic beetles, host use, cut branches.
Resumen. Los escarabajos longicornios (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en su etapa larvaria se ali-
mentan de madera de árboles recién muertos o enfermos, y pueden llegar a tener una amplia
variedad de hospederos. Sin embargo, los reportes de hospederos larvales de Cerambycidae
podrían ser malinterpretados a partir de observaciones de campo. El uso de ramas recién cor-
tadas para la atracción de escarabajos longicornios es un método que permite obtener infor-
mación con able de los hospederos que emplean. Este estudio reporta nuevos registros de hos-
pederos larvales de escarabajos longicornios en el Bosque Tropical Caducifolio del ejido de San
Andrés de la Cal, Tepoztlán, Morelos, México. En la zona de estudio, se muestrearon diferentes
especies de plantas leñosas, a cada una de éstas se les cortaron secciones de las ramas de los
árboles y se dejaron expuestas al ambiente durante dos meses para la atracción de escarabajos.
Posteriormente las secciones fueron recolectados y se colocaron en cámaras de emergencia. Un
total de 26 especies de Cerambycidae emergieron de las ramas de 51 especies de plantas leñosas de
las familias Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Burseraceae, Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphor-
biaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae y Rubiaceae.
Para las 26 especies de cerambícidos, encontramos hospederos no reportados previamente, y
para nueve especies, los hospedadores que reportamos son el primer registro en la literatura.
Las nueve especies cuyas relaciones de hospederos no han sido reportadas previamente son:
Euderces basimaculatus Giesbert & Chemsak 1997; E. pulcher (Bates, 1874); Elytroleptus grandis

92 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 94(2)
Linsley 1935; Neocompsa puncticollis asperula (Bates, 1885); Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans
(Thomson, 1865); Olenosus serrimanus Bates, 1872; Oreodera brailovskyi Chemsak & Noguera,
1993; O. copei McCarty, 2001 and Sphaenothecus picticornis Bates, 1880.
Palabras Clave. Escarabajos saproxílicos, uso de hospedero, ramas cortadas.
INTRODUCTION
Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are a diverse group of insects in the
world. In Mexico, Noguera (2014) recorded 1,621 species in Morelos State. Several
studies have focused on the faunistic composition of Cerambycidae in the Reserva
de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla (Noguera et al. 2002, Rendón 2012, Torres 2014),
where 291 species have been recorded (Martínez 2013). Larvae of this group feed on
woody vegetal resources, mainly on dead, dying or recently fallen trees, although some
species can feed on live wood, seeds and roots (Beutenmuller 1896, Costa-Lima 1953,
Linsley 1959). Larvae of this group evolved to bore and live inside wood, as seen in
their cylindrical forms, lack of legs in many groups, powerful jaws, and the presence
of cellulases (Falck 1930) and intestinal symbionts (yeasts) (Heitz 1927) that allow
them to digest wood. Additionally, these beetles have also evolved mechanisms for
tolerating the varied chemistry of trees in an ecosystem, allowing them to live inside
branches and stems (Halperin & Holzschuh 1993, Iglesias 2009).
There is a wide range of host speci city in the cerambycids; certain species are
specialized and feed on a single plant species (monophagous), some feed on plants
of the same genus or family (oligophagous) (Berkov & Tavakilian 1999, Paulino-
Neto et al. 2005), and others use a wide range of host plant species from different
taxonomic groups (polyphagous) (Linsley 1959). In North America, 50% of species
of Cerambycidae occur in deciduous trees and shrubs, 20% in conifers, 10% in non-
woody plants (grasses, cacti and grasses), and the rest (20%) have unknown hosts
(Vlasak 2014).
Works by Monné (2001a, b, c, 2002, 2004, 2005a, b, 2006, 2018a, b) compiled
distribution and host plants of Neotropical cerambycids. Furthermore, association
of longhorn beetles and their hosts have been summarized by Linsley & Chemsak
(1997), and; thereafter, more information has been added by MacRae & Rice (2007),
Swift (2008) and Vlasak (2014), among others. However, many records do not
indicate whether the association with the host was based on larval rearing, which is
the most reliable method for establishing a host-larvae relationship, or rather were
based on collecting specimens perched on  owers or other plant structures, which
may represent accidental associations and do not necessarily indicate biological
interactions (MacRae et al. 2012).
Reports of Cerambycidae larval hosts in Mexico have been based on incidental
collections of wild host plants (e.g., Chemsak & Noguera 1993, Toledo et al. 2002)
and fruit trees (López-Martínez et al. 2015) or observations of mating adults or
oviposition (García 2007). There is only one study of cerambycids and their hosts
in Morelos, which showed host relationships between nine cerambycids and six
host plants (Hernández 2016). However, there are few studies that used systematic
sampling in order to determine insect-host relationships. It is important to know these
relationships, since host preferences of cerambycids can vary between geographical
zones, and, in turn, these studies can be used to design strategies to protect threatened
species or to control species of cerambycids of economic importance.

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There is very little information on associations between these insects and their larval
hosts in ecosystems of the tropical dry forest (TDF). Therefore, it is important to study
the relationship between these insects and their larval hosts. This work documents
associations of Cerambycidae with woody  ora of TDF of south central Mexico.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out in the TDF of San Andrés de la Cal (99.06502 °N,
18.57222 °W, 1495 m a.s.l.) in Tepoztlan, Morelos, Mexico. Climate in the region is
semi-warm, with an annual average temperature of 20 °C, and summer rainfall (May–
Oct). It has well-de ned seasonality (wet and dry) and average annual precipitation of
1,200 mm. The most abundant soil type is leptosol, although luvic phaeozem is present
to a lesser degree (Ruiz-Rivera 2001). The TDF in the study area has an open canopy
with short trees (maximum 16 m) (Vergara-Torres et al. 2010). Species that stand out
for their abundance are Sapium macrocarpum Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Bursera
fagaroides (Kunth) Engl. (Burseraceae), B. glabrifolia (Kunth) Engl. (Burseraceae),
Ipomoea pauci ora Martens & Galeotti (Convolvulaceae), I. murucoides Roem. &
Schult (Convolvulaceae), and Conzattia multi ora (B.L. Rob.) Standl. (Fabaceae)
(Vergara-Torres et al. 2010).
Sampling Design. Approximately 1-km long transects were set up in the study
area. Geographic coordinates of the transects were recorded with a GPS (eTrex®
GARMIN). Plants selected for sampling met the following criteria: diameter at breast
height (DBH) ≥ 2 cm, height ≥ 2 m, and suf cient branches to obtain eight sections of
50–60 cm in length. Each plant selected was marked with a uniquely numbered metal
tag, and healthy branches were chosen for sampling. Branches were cut with a pruning
saw (Truper® 12”) and a tall branch cutter (Truper® 3.62 m). The branch cutting
started on 18-II-2015 and ended on 18-III-2016.
Botanical samples of trees were taken to the HUMO Herbarium of the Centro
de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma
del Estado de Morelos and identi ed by Gabriel Flores Franco (Curator of the
Herbarium HUMO) using botanical keys and by comparison with material deposited
in the Herbarium HUMO. The nomenclature of host plants was according to Tropicos
(www.tropicos.org).
Rearing Insect Larvae. Eight cut branches per plant species selected were left
exposed in the TDF for two months to attract beetles and allow oviposition. After two
months, branches were collected and transferred to the laboratory where they were
tagged and wrapped with galvanized wire mesh (reinforced 1.2 × 30 m Toolcraft®) to
retain emerging insects. Samples were placed outdoors in a shady site in the CIByC,
moistened periodically, and monitored continuously for emergence of insects.
All insects that emerged were collected and preserved. The speci c identi cation
was made by the last co-author and the determination corroborated with material
deposited in the Collection of Insects of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de
Morelos (CIUM). Collection of emerging cerambycids began on 19-IV-15 and ended
on 28-VIII-2016.
The list of host plants was corroborated by literature consultation (Chemsak &
Noguera 1993, Monné 2018a, b) and with the database Titan ver 3.0 (Tavakilian &
Chevillotte 2017). The information is presented in taxonomic order and includes the
number of adult cerambycids that emerged (in square brackets []) and the months of

94 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 94(2)
emergence. Plants that have been reported previously as hosts were not listed among
hosts here, even when individuals emerged from those species in this study (i.e., only
new host relationships are listed).
RESULTS
Fifty-one plant species from 13 families (Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Burseraceae,
Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malpighiaceae,
Malvaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae and Rubiaceae) were used in this study. Of these, a
total of 790 individuals of 26 cerambycid species emerged. Nine species of cerambycids
are documented for the  rst time with their host records.
Subfamily Cerambycinae
Tribe Clytini
Placosternus dif cilis (Chevrolat, 1862)
Hosts: Fabaceae – Leucaena sp., Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr.; [7]
II and III-2016.
Previously recorded from: Cannabaceae – Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.;
Combretaceae – Bucida buceras L.; Fabaceae – Ebenopsis ebano (Berland.) Barneby &
J.W. Grimes, Leucaena pulverulenta (Schltdl.) Benth., Prosopis juli ora (Sw.) DC,
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.; Platanaceae – Platanus sp. and Rutaceae –
Citrus sp. (Vogt 1949, Rogers 1977, Chemsak & Noguera 1993, Linsley & Chemsak
1997, Monné 2001a, MacRae & Rice 2007). Based on the variety of hosts, this species
is considered polyphagous.
Tribe Elaphidiini
Anelaphus piceus (Chemsak, 1962)
Host: Annonaceae – Annona cherimola Mill.; [1] VII-2015.
Previously recorded from: Asteraceae – Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr.; Fabaceae –
Prosopis juli ora (Sw.) DC, Vachellia constricta (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger; Moraceae –
Ficus carica L.; Salicaceae – Salix sp. (Linsley & Chemsak 1997, Vlasak 2014,
López-Martínez et al. 2015). Based on the variety of hosts, this species is considered
polyphagous.
Stenosphenus cribripennis cribripennis Thomson, 1861
Host: Fabaceae – Mimosa galeottii Benth; [11] VIII and IX-2015.
Previously recorded from: Fabaceae – Vachellia campechiana (Mill.) Seigler &
Ebinger, V. pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger (Chemsak & Noguera
1993). Based on previously reported hosts, this species is considered oligophagous.
Tribe Neoibidionini
Neocompsa puncticollis asperula (Bates, 1885)
Host: Fabaceae – Lysiloma acapulcense (Kunth.) Benth.; [8] V and VI-2016. First
larval host record.
Tribe Tillomorphini
Euderces basimaculatus Giesbert & Chemsak, 1997
Hosts: Fabaceae – Vachellia pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger,
Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Lysiloma acapulcense; [4] VI-2015. First larval
host records.
Euderces pulcher (Bates, 1874)
Host: Malvaceae – Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.; [7] V-2016. First larval host record.

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Tribe Trachyderini
Elytroleptus grandis Linsley, 1935
Hosts: Celastraceae – Hippocratea celastroides Kunth; Fabaceae – Haematoxylum
brasiletto; [3] V and VI-2016. First larval host records.
Sphaenothecus trilineatus Dupont, 1838
Hosts: Fabaceae – Conzattia multi ora, Leucaena macrophylla Benth., Mimosa
galeottii; Sapotaceae – Sideroxylon capiri (A. DC) Pittier; Lamiaceae – Vitex mollis
Kunth; [10] XI, XII-2015 and I-2016.
Previously recorded in 18 plant species (Chemsak & Noguera 1993; Monné 2001b;
López-Martínez et al. 2015), including: Anacardiaceae – Amphipterygium adstringens
(Schltdl.) Standl., Spondias purpurea L.; Convolvulaceae – Ipomoea pauci ora; Fabaceae –
Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose, Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.,
Lonchocarpus magallanesii M. Sousa, Poincianella eriostachys (Benth.) Britton & Rose,
Vachellia farnesiana; Malvaceae – Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner; Moraceae – Ficus
carica. Based on previous host records, this species is considered polyphagous.
Sphaenothecus picticornis Bates, 1880
Hosts: Burseraceae – Bursera copallifera; Celastraceae – Hippocratea celastroides;
Fabaceae – Haematoxylum brasiletto; Rubiaceae – Randia echinocarpa DC; Sapotaceae –
Sideroxylon capiri (A. DC) Pittier; [12] XI-2015 and V-2016. First larval host records.
Based on these new host records, this species is considered polyphagous.
Subfamily Lamiinae
Tribe Acanthocinini
Eutrichillus comus (Bates, 1881)
Hosts: Asteraceae – Eupatorium hebebotryum (DC) Hemsl.; Annonaceae – Annona
squamosa L.; Apocynaceae – Plumeria rubra L., Tabernaemontana glabra (Benth.)
A.O. Simões & M.E. Endress; Araliaceae – Oreopanax peltatus Linden ex Regel;
Burseraceae – Bursera bipinnata (DC) Engl., B. copallifera, B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia
(Schltdl.) Engl., B. lancifolia (Schltdl.) Engl.; Cannabaceae – Celtis caudata Planch.;
Celastraceae – Wimmeria confusa Hemsl.; Convolvulaceae – Ipomoea murucoides;
Euphorbiaceae – Euphorbia schlechtendalii Boiss., Sapium macrocarpum; Fabaceae –
Vachellia pennatula, Conzattia multi ora, Erythrina americana Mill., Leucaena esculenta
(Moc. & Sessé ex DC) Benth., Mimosa benthamii J. F. Macbr.; Juglandaceae – Juglans
sp.; Lamiaceae – Vitex mollis; Malpighiaceae – Lasiocarpus salicifolius Liebm.,
Malpighia mexicana A. Juss, Malpighiaceae – undetermined species 1; Malvaceae –
Ceiba aesculifolia, Ceiba sp.; Moraceae – Ficus cotinifolia Kunth, F. pertusa L. F.,
F. petiolaris Kunth; Oleaceae – undetermined species 2; [400] I to XII-2015.
Previously recorded from: Anacardiaceae – Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Standl.,
Comocladia engleriana Loes., Spondias purpurea; Burseraceae – B. instabilis McVaugh &
Rzed.; Fabaceae – Leucaena sp.; Moraceae – F. carica (Chemsak & Noguera 1993, López-
Martínez et al. 2015). Based on known host records, this species is considered polyphagous.
Lagocheirus araneiformis ypsilon (Voet, 1778)
Hosts: Burseraceae – Bursera copallifera, B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia; Euphorbiaceae –
Euphorbia schlechtendalii; [17] IX and X-2015 and IV-2016.
Previously recorded from: Anacardiaceae – Spondias purpurea, S. mombin L.;
Burseraceae – Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.; Euphorbiaceae – Hura crepitans L., Manihot
esculenta Crantz, Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong; Moraceae – Ficus sp.; Poaceae –
Saccharum of cinarum L., Zea sp. (Maes et al. 1994, Monné 2001c). Based on known
host records, this species is considered polyphagous.

96 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 94(2)
Lagocheirus obsoletus obselutus Thomson, 1860
Hosts: Anacardiaceae – Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Standl.; Asteraceae –
Pittocaulon praecox (Cav.) H. Rob. & Brettell; Burseraceae – Bursera copallifera,
B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia; Euphorbiaceae – Euphorbia schlechtendalii, Sapium
macrocarpum; [115] I to XII-2015.
This species has been reported to be polyphagous with a wide range of hosts
from: Moraceae – Ficus cotinifolia, F. glabrata (Kunth) (Maes et al. 1994, Linsley
& Chemsak 1997, Toledo 1997). It can also feed on fruit trees such as F. carica
(López-Martínez et al. 2015) and Anacardiaceae – Spondias purpurea (Calderón-Cortes
et al. 2011).
Mecotetartus antennatus Bates, 1872
Hosts: Burseraceae – Bursera copallifera, B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia; Fabaceae –
Leucaena sp; Oleaceae – undetermined species 2; [58] III, IV and X-2015.
Previously recorded from: Burseraceae – Bursera instabilis (Chemsak & Noguera
1993). This species is suggested to be oligophagous due to an apparent preference for
plant species of the genus Bursera reported in previous records and because 96.5 % of
individuals in this study emerged from Bursera species. Additionally, this species also
emerged from Leucaena sp. and an undetermined Oleaceae, but only one individual
per plant species so they could be an alternative hosts.
Olenosus serrimanus Bates, 1872
Hosts: Anacardiaceae – Spondias purpurea; Fabaceae – Leucaena sp.; [5] IV and
V-2015. First larval host records.
Tribe Acanthoderini
Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans (Thomson, 1864)
Host: Annonaceae – Annona cherimola Mill.; [1] VI-2016. First larval host record.
Aegomorphus albosignus Chemsak & Noguera, 1993
Hosts: Fabaceae – Erythrina americana; Malvaceae – Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth)
Britten & Baker f., Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand; Meliaceae – Cedrela
tonduzii C. DC; [9] IV and V-2015.
Previously recorded from: Euphorbiaceae – Jatropha sympetala S. F. Blake &
Standl. (Chemsak & Noguera 1993). Based on known host records, this species is
considered polyphagous.
Oreodera brailovskyi Chemsak & Noguera, 1993
Host: Malvaceae – Ceiba aesculifolia; [1] X-2015. F irst larval host record.
Oreodera copei McCarty, 2001
Host: Convolvulaceae – Ipomoea arborescens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) G. Don;
[1] X-2016. First larval host record.
Psapharochrus borrei (Dugés, 1885)
Hosts: Burseraceae – Bursera fagaroides; Convolvulaceae – Ipomoea arborecens;
Rubiaceae – Randia echinocarpa; [8] VIII and X-2015.
Previously recorded from: Convolvulaceae – I. murucoides (Monné 2001c). Based
on known host records, this species is considered polyphagous.
Steirastoma anomala Bates, 1880
Host: Malvaceae – Ceiba aesculifolia; [48] I and X-2015.
Previously recorded on dead branches from: Malvaceae – Ceiba pentandra (L.)
Gaertn,, and Pseudobombax sp. (Chemsak & Noguera 1993, Monné 2001c). Based on
known host records, this species is considered oligophagous.

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Tribe Monochamini
Chyptodes dejeanii (Thomson, 1865)
Host: Burseraceae – Bursera copallifera; [5] VII, VIII and X-2015.
Previously recorded from: Burseraceae – B. linanoe (La Llave.) Rzed. (CONABIO-
SIRE 2001-2005); Anacardiaceae – Amphipterygium adstringens; Fabaceae – Conzattia
multi ora (Noguera et al. 2002). Based on known host records, this species is considered
oligophagous.
Neoptychodes trilineatus (Linnaeus, 1771)
Hosts: Annonaceae – Annona squamosa; Moraceae – Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq.,
F. pertusa; [19] VII to X-2015 and III to V-2016.
Previously recorded in 16 plant species including: Euphorbiaceae – Euphorbia
mexicana Norton; Moraceae – F. aurea Nutt., F. cotinifolia, affecting fruit trees of this
family as F. carica; Anacardiaceae – Spondias dulcis Parkinson, S. cytherea Sonnerat
(Horton 1917, Chemsak & Noguera 1993, Monné 2001c, López-Martínez et al. 2015).
Based on known host records, this species is considered polyphagous.
Tribe Onciderini
Lochmaeocles cornuticeps cornuticeps Schaeffer, 1906
Host: Fabaceae – Mimosa galeotti; [1] VIII-2015.
Previously recorded from: Cannabaceae – Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg; Fabaceae –
Leucaena pulverulenta (Schltdl.) Benth.; Vachellia farnesiana; Salicaceae – Salix nigra
Marshall (Linsley & Chemsak 199). Based on known host records, this species is
considered polyphagous.
Taricanus truquii Thomson, 1868
Hosts: Anacardiaceae – Spondias purpurea; Juglandaceae – Juglans mollis; [8] X to
XII-2015. Previously recorded from: Fabaceae – Conzattia multi ora (Perkins et al.
1924), Acacia spp. (Toledo et al. 2002). Based on known host records, this species is
considered polyphagous.
Tribe Pogonocherini
Alphomorphus vandykei (Linsley, 1930)
Host: Burseraceae – Bursera bipinnata; [1] VI-2016.
Previously recorded from: Cactaceae – Opuntia sp. (Monné 2002). With this new
addition the number of host records for this species increases to two. However, there
are not suf cient data to declare this species monophagous due to a lack of data from
other potential host species and the small number of individuals that emerged.
Tribe Tetraopini
Phaea maryannae Chemsak, 1977
Host: Apocynaceae – Tabernaemontana glabra; [1] VIII-2015.
Previously recorded from: Apocynaceae – Stemmadenia tomentosa Greenm. (Farrell
1991; Farrell & Mitter 1998). It seems that this species may be oligophagous, as it has
been reported in southern Mexico that some species of the genus Phaea oviposit in
stems of trees of the family Convolvulaceae (Farrell & Mitter 1998).
DISCUSSION
In this study, we add host records for 26 species of Cerambycidae in Mexico. For
nine of these species there were no previously reported host plants.

98 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 94(2)
The cerambycid species recorded in this work that coincide with those of Chemsak
& Noguera (1993) (Placosternus dif cilis, Stenosphenus cribripennis cribripennis,
Sphaenothecus trilineatus and Chyptodes dejeanii) preferred different hosts. This may
be due to environmental heterogeneity of each region of TDF in Mexico that directly
in uences the composition and diversity of plant species per site (Trejo & Dirzo 2002).
Among the species with previously reported host relationships, Eutrichillus comus
had the highest record of new hosts (31 species), followed by Lagocheirus obsoletus
obsoletus (six species). Both species have short life cycles, with several generations
emerging during all months of the year (Hernández 2016), and have a generalist
pattern of speci city due to their large host range. These species utilize almost all
of the woody debris from the tree species found in a forest; they therefore likely have
a considerable impact as decomposers of woody material in the TDF. According to
Wardhaugh (2014), generalist phytophagous insects have evolved to tolerate a wide
variety of allelopathic compounds from various hosts, increasing their capacity to
utilize new hosts.
Among the species whose hosts were previously unknown, Sphaenothecus
picticornis was the species with the greatest number of hosts recorded for. On the
other hand, only one specimen each of Alphomorphus vandykei, Anelaphus piceum,
Oreodera brailovskyi, Oreodera copei, Lochmaeocles cornuticeps cornuticeps and Phaea
maryannae emerged from a single host plant during the rainy season. It is likely that
additional collection of other woody plants would determine their host range and
plant species speci city. The low number of emerged individuals for these species
could be due to several factors, e.g., low relative abundance of beetle populations
at the time of sampling, low food availability, seasonal preference of tourist beetle
species, they may be very rare specialists, or they are species that feed on other plants
that were not sampled (Novotný & Basset 2000).
Rare species account for more than half of the species found in insect communities
of tropical ecosystems, and had been recorded from other larger samples (Novotný
1993, Allison et al. 1997, Stork et al. 1997). From other plant host studies performed for
Cerambycidae in TDF using other collection methods such as diurnal or light trapping,
similar patterns have been reported (Toledo et al. 2002, Noguera et al. 2002, 2007,
2009, 2012, Rendón 2012, Martínez 2013, Torres 2014), and it seems to be the natural
condition of communities of cerambycids in this type of ecosystem (Martínez 2013).
The most frequently used host plants were in the families Fabaceae and Burseraceae,
followed by Malvaceae, which may be due to the high richness and abundance of these
plants in this study area (Vergara-Torres et al. 2010). Bursera copallifera had the highest
number of new cerambycid records ( ve), followed by Ceiba aesculifolia (four). This
may be due to two main factors: a) these two plant species were highly abundant in the
study area; there were 100 ± 110 B. copallifera individuals per hectare in the leptosol
zone and 12 ± 11 individuals in the volcanic rock zone (Vergara-Torres et al. 2010,
Cortés-Anzúres 2015), or b) physical characteristics of the wood of these plant genera,
such as their soft, light consistency and high moisture content (Vásquez-Dávila 1995,
Francis et al. 2000, Mila-Arango et al. 2014), allowing several species of cerambycids
to select these plants for their larval development. Although B. copallifera has been
reported to have secondary metabolites in leaf extracts that repel phytophagous insects
and affect larval weight and mortality (Aldana et al. 2010), these factors do not have
the same in uence on cerambycid larvae since they feed on heavily stressed, recently
killed or decaying trees, taking advantage of weakened tree defense mechanisms and

992018
VARGAS-CARDOSO ET AL.:
NEW HOST RECORDS OF CERAMBYCIDAE
the nutritional quality of woody tissues that have not diminished signi cantly (Wood
1982, Hanks 1999); as is the case in this methodology when cutting branches of each
plant species and leaving them exposed to the environment.
It is necessary to continue conducting short and long-term experiments with the
plant species found in the TDF. Long-term studies are especially important, since
there are likely additional species of Cerambycidae related to these and others hosts.
The creation of local inventories of this group of insects, their hosts and their natural
enemies, will advance our understanding of the dynamics of insect communities in
TDF ecosystems, and the biodiversity of the tropics in general.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the HUMO and CIUM of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de
Morelos for allowing the comparison of specimens for the determination of plants
and cerambycids. ORVC was awarded a CONACYT scholarship (274685). This work
was completed as part of ORVC’s doctoral dissertation in the Doctorado en Ciencias
Naturales-UAEM. We also thank Jessica Sosa Armenta, José Martínez Hernández,
Roberto Reyes González, Omar Martínez Ortega, Jaime Hernández Flores and
Yoselin Hernández García for their support provided during  eld work.
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