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Why Do We Indulge? Exploring Motivations for Binge Watching
Abstract
This study explored an expanded definition and motivations for binge-watching behavior. In addition to the number of episodes, the amount of time, frequency, and engagement in binge-watched programs were considered for the binge-watching definition. Study findings revealed that over half of the respondents of this study were light binge viewers. In addition, among a total of seven motivations identified in literature, only the entertainment motivation is a significant predictor of binge watching for those with a low level of binge watching, while both passing time and entertainment were found to be significant predictors for those with a high level of binge watching.
... While releasing one episode of a television series at a time was the norm in the pre-streaming era, it has increasingly become more commonplace in the streaming era to release an entire season or multiple episodes of a television series. In response to such technological and industry changes, one notable phenomenon that has arisen during the video streaming era is binge-watching, also known as marathonviewing or binge-viewing (Sung et al., 2018). Pittman and Sheehan (2015) defined binge-watching as "watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting." ...
... At a deeper level, the substance of the thing that is consumed by audiences is an important element in defining binge-watching. Binge-watching focuses on the consumption of multiple episodes of the same television series rather than different television series in one sitting (Flayelle et al., 2017;Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018). Binge-eating or binge-drinking is not necessarily limited to the consumption of a drink or a type of food that shares the same ingredients. ...
... Binge-watching differs from binge-eating and binge-drinking in terms of the amount of the thing consumed in a sense that binge-watching does not automatically translate to excessive consumption of a television series. In some studies, binge-watching is defined as watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting (Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018;Walton-Pattison et al., 2018). Others define binge-watching as watching three or more episodes of a TV series in one sitting (Deloitte, 2015;Flayelle et al., 2017;Nielsen, 2013;Ort et al., 2021;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018). ...
Binge-watching is a notable phenomenon that is changing the production, distribution, and consumption of television programs. This study conceptualizes binge-watching by comparing and contrasting binge-watching with binge-eating and binge-drinking. Applying the uses and gratifications theory, this study also investigates differences between binge-watchers and non-binge-watchers, and identifies predictors of binge-watching behaviors including frequency, the amount of time spent binge-watching, and the quantity of binge-watching episodes. A national survey of U.S. adults (N = 663) found significant differences between binge-watchers and nonbinge-watchers in terms of the degree to which they depend on television shows to satisfy various psychological needs. Results also indicate that entertainment, habitual passing of time, and escape motives, as well as age and preference for action/adventure, crime, and mystery genres predict binge-watching frequency.
... While releasing one episode of a television series at a time was the norm in the pre-streaming era, it has increasingly become more commonplace in the streaming era to release an entire season or multiple episodes of a television series. In response to such technological and industry changes, one notable phenomenon that has arisen during the video streaming era is binge-watching, also known as marathonviewing or binge-viewing (Sung et al., 2018). Pittman and Sheehan (2015) defined binge-watching as "watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting." ...
... At a deeper level, the substance of the thing that is consumed by audiences is an important element in defining binge-watching. Binge-watching focuses on the consumption of multiple episodes of the same television series rather than different television series in one sitting (Flayelle et al., 2017;Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018). Binge-eating or binge-drinking is not necessarily limited to the consumption of a drink or a type of food that shares the same ingredients. ...
... Binge-watching differs from binge-eating and binge-drinking in terms of the amount of the thing consumed in a sense that binge-watching does not automatically translate to excessive consumption of a television series. In some studies, binge-watching is defined as watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting (Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018;Walton-Pattison et al., 2018). Others define binge-watching as watching three or more episodes of a TV series in one sitting (Deloitte, 2015;Flayelle et al., 2017;Nielsen, 2013;Ort et al., 2021;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018). ...
Binge-watching is a notable phenomenon that is changing the production, distribution, and consumption of television programs. This study conceptualizes binge-watching by comparing and contrasting binge-watching with binge-eating and binge-drinking. Applying the uses and gratifications theory, this study also investigates differences between binge-watchers and non-binge-watchers, and identifies predictors of binge-watching behaviors including frequency, the amount of time spent binge-watching, and the quantity of binge-watching episodes. A national survey of U.S. adults (N = 663) found significant differences between binge-watchers and nonbinge-watchers in terms of the degree to which they depend on television shows to satisfy various psychological needs. Results also indicate that entertainment, habitual passing of time, and escape motives, as well as age and preference for action/adventure, crime, and mystery genres predict binge-watching frequency.
... While releasing one episode of a television series at a time was the norm in the pre-streaming era, it has increasingly become more commonplace in the streaming era to release an entire season or multiple episodes of a television series. In response to such technological and industry changes, one notable phenomenon that has arisen during the video streaming era is binge-watching, also known as marathonviewing or binge-viewing (Sung et al., 2018). Pittman and Sheehan (2015) defined binge-watching as "watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting." ...
... At a deeper level, the substance of the thing that is consumed by audiences is an important element in defining binge-watching. Binge-watching focuses on the consumption of multiple episodes of the same television series rather than different television series in one sitting (Flayelle et al., 2017;Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018). Binge-eating or binge-drinking is not necessarily limited to the consumption of a drink or a type of food that shares the same ingredients. ...
... Binge-watching differs from binge-eating and binge-drinking in terms of the amount of the thing consumed in a sense that binge-watching does not automatically translate to excessive consumption of a television series. In some studies, binge-watching is defined as watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in one sitting (Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018;Walton-Pattison et al., 2018). Others define binge-watching as watching three or more episodes of a TV series in one sitting (Deloitte, 2015;Flayelle et al., 2017;Nielsen, 2013;Ort et al., 2021;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018). ...
Binge-watching is a notable phenomenon that is changing the production, distribution, and consumption of television programs. This study conceptualizes binge-watching by comparing and contrasting binge-watching with binge-eating and binge-drinking. Applying the uses and gratifications theory, this study also investigates differences between binge-watchers and non-binge-watchers, and identifies predictors of binge-watching behaviors including frequency, the amount of time spent binge-watching, and the quantity of binge-watching episodes. A national survey of U.S. adults (N = 663) found significant differences between binge-watchers and nonbinge-watchers in terms of the degree to which they depend on television shows to satisfy various psychological needs. Results also indicate that entertainment, habitual passing of time, and escape motives, as well as age and preference for action/adventure, crime, and mystery genres predict binge-watching frequency.
... In general, any party behavior can be attributed to exceptional, steady, and highly time-consuming engagement. The amount of time, repetition, and level of involvement may be important clues to binge-watching (Sung et al., 2018). ...
... Netflix itself characterizes binge-watching as "watching between 2-6 scenes of the same TV appear in one sitting" (Köhle & Taal, 2020). Be that as it may, there are a few other definitions, but all of them have in common that binge-watching alludes to observing scenes of the same program for a few hours straight in one sitting (Sung et al., 2018). ...
... Accepted from the transport hypothesis, media transport is used to help determine the extent to which members are included in their Binge-Watching program. From the three indicators, another indicator, according to (Sung et al., 2018) said that indicator for the number of episodes is usually episodes that are watched two to three episodes up to watch more than six episodes. ...
In times of pandemic, the spread of internet users in their introduction can change most of the media, especially in the world of cinema. In the current pandemic situation with the company's latest earnings release, Netflix only added 5.5 million subscribers in the first half of 2021, whereas in 2020 Netflix's record rose to 36 million subscribers. The popularity of K-drama is increasing during the pandemic which makes consumers binge-watching. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of social media marketing and binge-watching partially and simultaneously on customer loyalty. This research is important, especially in Indonesia, given the differences in Binge-Watching behavior towards consumer loyalty at the beginning of the pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population uses those who already have a Subscribe Video on Demand (SVOD) platform, namely Netflix, and a sample of 100 respondents. The data analysis technique uses a Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Coefficient of Determination Test, F Test, and t Test. The results of the study obtained the results: (1) social media marketing has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty, (2) binge-watching has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty, and (3) simultaneously social media marketing and binge-watching has a significant effect on customer loyalty which obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. The magnitude of the influence of the independent variable on customer loyalty is 51.5%. For further research in order to examine more deeply other factors not examined in this study.
... We hypothesize that personality traits have a pronounced effect on binge-watching for those who binge-watch daily. The literature demonstrates that users who are addicted to binge-watching display symptoms of loneliness, reduced self-control, and impulsiveness (Sung et al., 2018). Health consequences include an unhealthy diet, sleep problems, and less physical activities (Flayelle et al., 2020). ...
... For instance, we found that businesses must be careful and pay extra attention to those who are open to experience and have a need for cognition given that they would likely use OTT services but do not binge-watch. As binge-watching can elevate consumer loyalty towards OTT services (Sung et al., 2018), businesses need to find the right balance for these personality types. Another implication is that OTT services should take into account the target audience's personality traits when creating and promoting their content. ...
... This research uses a large, diverse, population-representative sample that potentially generates valid results. Close to all research examining psychological characteristics, OTT use, and binge-watching have relied on college studentsa sample that is affluent and cognitively less developedto produce research outcomes (e.g., Panda & Pandey, 2017;Sung et al., 2018). Such research tends to be less valid in terms of the significance, magnitude, and direction of the relationships (Peterson, 2001). ...
With the freedom to consume content on preferred devices at any time as long as there is an Internet connection, the growing demand for over-the-top (OTT) services is evident. In conjunction with the rise of OTT services, binge-watching has become a prevalent behavior. In this research, we explore whether personality traits including the Big Five and need for cognition wield an effect on OTT use and binge-watching. We used a large, diverse, population representative sample from South Korea to investigate this topic. Results indicated that openness to experience and need for cognition were positively related to OTT use. Openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and need for cognition had a negative association with binge-watching. When the sample was split by OTT frequency, the binge-watching effects were obtained exclusively for daily OTT users. For non-daily OTT users, most of the personality traits did not exert an effect on binge-watching. Implications of the current findings as well as limitations and future research are presented.
... We hypothesize that personality traits have a pronounced effect on binge-watching for those who binge-watch daily. The literature demonstrates that users who are addicted to bingewatching display symptoms of loneliness, reduced self-control, and impulsiveness (Sung et al., 2018). Health consequences include an unhealthy diet, sleep problems, and less physical activities (Flayelle et al., 2020). ...
... P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d would likely use OTT services but do not binge-watch. As binge-watching can elevate consumer loyalty towards OTT services (Sung et al., 2018), businesses need to find the right balance for these personality types. Another implication is that OTT services should take into account the target audience's personality traits when creating and promoting their content. ...
... This research uses a large, diverse, population-representative sample that potentially generates valid results. Close to all research examining psychological characteristics, OTT use, and binge-watching have relied on college students -a sample that is affluent and cognitively less developed -to produce research outcomes (e.g., Panda & Pandey, 2017;Sung et al, 2018). ...
... There are various approaches in the literature on defining binge-watching (BW). While some studies consider the number of episodes watched [1,15,16,24,31,33,[52][53][54][55], others emphasize the importance of the time spent in front of the screen [56], the frequency of this behavior [12,51], or adopt a multi-perspective approach that encompasses all or some of these factors [3,25,57]. The effect of watching the same number of episodes of programs of different lengths remains a matter of debate [1]. ...
... It may be misleading to categorize the act of watching a certain number of episodes or an entire season in a short period in the same category as this action turning into a behavior repeated on different days. In this context, the literature generally accepts [1,15,24,46,52,55,57,58] and uses the concept to name the act of watching multiple consecutive episodes of a TV show, encompassing all forms of excessive viewing. ...
Binge-watching (BW), defined as watching multiple episodes of a series or program in a single sitting, is recognized as a new and widespread form of viewing, especially with online streaming services. This study investigates the factors determining university students' binge-watching attitudes and the relationship of these factors with demographic characteristics. Data were collected using a survey adapted from the "Watching TV Series Motives Questionnaire (WTSMQ)" and the "Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ)" developed by Flayelle and colleagues (2019). The survey was conducted online with the participation of 636 university students to evaluate participants' motivations for watching internet series, their BW attitudes, and the relationship of these behaviors with demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level. The results demonstrate that students' BW behavior is strongly associated with positive motivations such as ease of access, entertainment, and social interaction. Specifically, a significant positive correlation between entertainment motivation and BW behavior was found (r = .240, p > .01). Additionally, it was determined that female students exhibit significantly higher BW behavior compared to male students, and BW attitudes/behaviors decrease with increasing age and education level. Participants who have never worked show more BW behavior compared to those who have worked or are currently working.
... The experiences of the interviewees can be grouped into two modes, depending on whether the viewing takes place alone or accompanied. In the survey by Sung et al. (2018), among those under 30 years of age, 83% usually watch series alone compared to 17% who do it accompanied. In the study by de-Feijter et al. (2016) with German men and women between 18 and 34 years old, 77% of the sample declared that they view series alone. ...
... Despite this, self-indulgence (Sung et al., 2018) acts as a reducer of guilt. Firstly, because of the absence of negative social valuation of binge-watching since the series is considered quality content. ...
Binge-watching refers to the consecutive viewing of episodes of a fictional series, usually of the drama genre, in a single session. The approaches to its background, practice, and effects are diverse and controversial. Using a qualitative-exploratory approach analysed with Grounded Theory, this paper studies the experience of binge-watching users from data collected from a sample of 20 individuals combined with techniques such as group meetings, in-depth interviews and projective techniques. Results lead to the identification of two underlying patterns of behaviour associated with the consumption of dramatic content: planned binge-watching and unplanned binge-watching. Planned binge-watching is the intentional consumption of more than two consecutive episodes of a fictional series whose psychological effects are mainly gratification based on evasion. Planned series consumption has a socializing effect, especially among young people. Unplanned binge-watching is the unintentional and spontaneous chained viewing of more than two episodes of a fiction series. The viewing unit is each individual episode, linked to the next by the curiosity aroused by the plot. The psychological effects are gratification derived from evasion, followed by a feeling of guilt derived from the loss of control. The study concludes with the formulation of seven hypotheses for empirical verification, academic and professional implications, and future lines of research.
El «binge-watching» hace referencia al visionado consecutivo de episodios de una serie de ficción, generalmente del género dramático, en una sola sesión. Los enfoques sobre su origen, práctica y efectos son diversos y controvertidos. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo-exploratorio analizado con Teoría Fundamentada, este trabajo estudia la experiencia de los usuarios de «binge-watching» a partir de datos recogidos sobre una muestra de 20 individuos combinando técnicas como la reunión de grupo, la entrevista en profundidad y las técnicas proyectivas. Los resultados conducen a la identificación de dos patrones de comportamiento subyacentes asociados al consumo de contenidos dramáticos: el «binge-watching» planificado y el «binge-watching» no planificado. El «binge-watching» planificado es el consumo intencionado de más de dos episodios consecutivos de una serie de ficción cuyos efectos psicológicos son principalmente la gratificación basada en la evasión. El consumo planificado de series tiene un efecto socializador especialmente entre los jóvenes. El «binge-watching» no planificado es el visionado encadenado, no intencionado y espontáneo, de más de dos episodios de una serie de ficción. La unidad de visionado es cada episodio individual, vinculado al siguiente por la curiosidad que despierta la trama. Los efectos psicológicos son la gratificación derivada de la evasión, seguida de un sentimiento de culpa derivado de la pérdida de control. El estudio concluye con la formulación de siete hipótesis para su verificación empírica, implicaciones académicas y profesionales, y futuras líneas de investigación.
... O vocabulário inglês possui termos como binge-drinking e binge-eating, que designam o beber (bebidas alcoólicas) e o comer compulsivamente. Esses dois termos já foram exaustivamente estudados por pesquisadores que observam os chamados "comportamentos extremos" (Sung et al., 2018) e buscam entender tanto as motivações quanto as consequências de tais atos descontrolados. Principalmente em países de língua inglesa, a popularização da expressão binge-watching logo remeteu a esses comportamentos, levando consigo a conotação negativa e a imediata repulsa por parte de muitos. ...
O binge-watching — ato de assistir múltiplos episódios de uma produção midiática em sequência — é uma prática que altera a lógica de temporalidade das séries, antes presa ao fluxo preestabelecido pela TV. Neste artigo, tomamos como base uma pesquisa survey (=2000) e entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com oito fãs brasileiros de séries com o objetivo de analisar as perspectivas do fandom sobre essa prática, também conhecida como maratona. Os resultados mostram que, por mais que o termo binge-watching carregue uma conotação negativa de compulsividade, o comportamento ganhou ampla adesão entre fãs, se tornando a forma preferida de consumir conteúdos seriados. Exploraremos as possíveis motivações para isso, além das perspectivas contrárias e favoráveis à prática de maratonas.
... Several studies found that BW can be a product of a self-control deficiency (e.g., Granow et al., 2018;Song et al., 2021). Parallels between BW and other forms of binge behavior like binge-drinking, binge-eating (Sung et al., 2018), or excessive TV viewing (Song et al., 2021) have been identified. Problematic viewing behavior can result from the gratifications people derive from BW; audiences may distract themselves from their problems with excessive BW (Starosta & Izydorczyk, 2020). ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of binge-watching and its antecedents. By examining content-related factors such as preferences for TV formats, serial genres, and narrative structures this study extends current knowledge of factors influencing binge-watching behavior. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes factors previously identified in the literature, such as uses and gratifications, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their impact on binge-watching. A cross-sectional online survey with 1,959 German participants was conducted. Based on this data, multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant influences on audiences’ binge-watching behavior and to assess effect sizes. The analysis suggests that strong preferences for TV series in general and for specific serial genres (comedy/sitcom, crime, sci-fi and fantasy) positively influence peoples’ binge-watching tendencies, while preferences for horror and family serial genres as well as sports events have the opposite effect. In addition, specific narrative structures (dark tonality, extraordinary story setting) positively drive binge-watching as does the use of the streaming services Netflix and Amazon Prime Video. Regarding uses and gratifications, fun, entertainment, arousal, and passing time also show a positive correlation with audience’s binge-watching tendency, while the desire to be informed about current events in the world correlates negatively. Overall, the model was able to explain 43.9% of the variance. This study offers insights into previously unexamined factors that relate to binge-watching while validating previously identified motivators in the German market. The study suggests that motivations and influences for binge-watching are even more varied than previously assumed and prove to be useful information for understanding why audiences watch TV programs back-to-back.
... Berdasarkan data tersebut memberikan gambaran bahwa individu cenderung memilih untuk menonton sehingga lebih berpotensi melakukan binge watching. Maraknya masyarakat yang mengakses internet untuk menikmati konten video semakin dipermudah dengan berkembangnya layanan digital berupa video on demand yang merupakan layanan streaming video yang bisa diakses oleh masyarakat dan telah mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7 juta pengguna sejak tahun 2012 hingga saat ini (Sung et al., 2018;Wingralek et al., 2022). ...
Kemudahan akses digital yang dirasakan oleh Gen Z menimbulkan konsekuensi negatif seperti fear of missing out akibat dari rasa cemas tidak bisa mengikuti tayangan yang banyak diperbincangkan di media. Hal tersebut menjadikan perilaku menonton sebagai coping bermasalah. Haluan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh dari fear of missing out (FOMO) terhadap binge wathing Gen Z dengan emotionally immature parents. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan 161 responden laki-laki dan perempuan dengan rata-rata usia 14-24 tahun; senang menonton serial/film/drama lebih dari 1 kali tanpa jeda; memiliki pengalaman kurang mengenakkan dengan orang tua kandung. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan secara online melalui kuesioner (angket) mengadaptasi alat ukur Binge Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire yang dikembangkan oleh Flayelle et al (2018) serta The Online Fear of Missing Out Inventory dikembangkan oleh Sette (2019). Hasil uji regresi ditemukan nilai F bernilai 107.829 dengan nilai B unstandardized 0.635 dengan R square 0.404 dan P value 0,05 > 0,000. Hal ini menunjukkan H0 ditolak, sehingga FOMO berpengruh signifikan terhadap binge watching Gen Z dengan emotionally immature parents dengan persentase sebesar 40.4%. Dengan demikian apabila FOMO meningkat, maka perilaku binge watching Gen Z juga akan meningkat signifikan. The ease of digital access experienced by Gen Z gives rise to negative consequences such as fear of missing out due to anxiety about not catching up to discussed film in the media. This makes watching behavior a problematic coping. The aim of this study was to see the effect of FOMO on binge watching Gen Z with emotionally immature parents. This study used a quantitative non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique involving 161 male and female respondents with an average age of 14-24 years; enjoy watching series/films/dramas more than once without a break; have unpleasant experiences with biological parents. Data collection carried out online through a questionnaire adapting the Binge Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire measuring tool developed by Flayelle et al (2018) and The Online Fear of Missing Out Inventory developed by Sette (2019). The results found an F value of 107.829 with an unstandardized B value of 0.635; R square of 0.404; P value of 0.05> 0.000. This shows that H0 is rejected, so FOMO has a significant effect on binge watching Gen Z with emotionally immature parents with a percentage of 40.4%. Thus, if the FOMO increases, Gen Z's binge watching will also increase significantly.
... As a common leisure activity adopted by many [2,3], binge-watching has been the subject of increasing scientific research over the past 5 years, with studies demonstrating positive relationships between such a viewing pattern and individuals' well-being [4,5], social bonds [2,6], and overall enjoyment/ engagement during viewing sessions [7,8]. However, binge-watching has also proven to be associated with potential negative outcomes (e.g., disruption of sleep patterns, decrease in work performance, physical health problems due to a sedentary lifestyle [9], and negative mental health correlates such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness [10][11][12][13]. ...
Background
Binge-watching has become increasingly popular in recent years. Although it can provide a form of entertainment and mood regulation, it has also been associated with adverse mental health issues. In this study, we explored the association between binge-watching behavior and mental health.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional survey conducted from May to November 2018, we surveyed 535 participants over 18 years old from Ain Shams University by using a combination of online and pen-and-paper methods. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and TV series watching patterns were collected, and participants completed the Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS).
Results
Among the 535 participants surveyed, 333 were retained and divided into three groups (i.e., non-binge-watchers, trouble-free binge-watchers, and problematic binge-watchers) in accordance with previous binge-watching research. Significant between-group differences were found in terms of relationship status, commonly used devices (mobile, laptop, TV), and perceived dependency on TV series watching. Problematic binge-watchers showed significantly higher scores for all BWESQ and BSI-18 subscales.
Conclusion
Trouble-free binge-watchers and problematic binge-watchers were more likely to be single than non-binge-watchers and demonstrated a marked preference for using mobile phones and laptops over traditional television. A significant positive relationship was found between problematic binge-watching and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization.
... The analysis of the three factors influencing bingewatching align with the research conducted by Shim and Kim (2018) and Librani et al. (2020). The analysis results also support the UGT model, which suggests that active media users can satisfy their desires through enjoyable viewing experiences that evoke curiosity to fill their time (Sung et al., 2018). According to the UGT model, active media users will be satisfied with the media they choose if they can continue using it. ...
This research aims to determine the influence of enjoyment, efficiency, and escape on binge-watching behavior. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach to identify the relationships between variables without the influence of extraneous variables. The subjects of this research are consumers who subscribe to OTT video streaming services and engage in watching activities for more than 2 hours in one sitting. The sample size used in this study is 142 respondents with data analysis techniques using SEM- PLS. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between enjoyment, efficiency, and escape with binge-watching behavior.
... A series of cross-tabs and correlation analyses shows that escapism is one of the motivations behind binge watching and the number of episodes binge watched was significantly and positively related to respondents' levels of media transportation. In other words, the more episodes participants binge watched, the more they tended to experience engagement with the program (Sung et al., 2018). Another study by, Gabbiadini et al. (2021) administered a survey on 196 TV series viewers to investigate the underlying psychological mechanisms (escapism, loneliness and identification with media characters) leading to binge-watching. ...
The present study explored the factors that facilitate binge-watching behavior among young adults. Previous researches determined that escapism, need for affect and transportation can be considered as the predictors of binge-watching. To testify the existing literature on binge-watching and factors contributing to this behavior, 350 university students took part in a survey. Findings revealed that need for affect and transportation significantly predict binge-watching while escapism failed to predict binge-watching behavior due to non-significant results. Moreover, this study finds out that phenomenon of binge-watching has no significant impact on gender. Based on the findings, we propose that factors facilitating binge-watching i.e., need for affect and transportation can have adverse effects on students' academic performance and mental well-being. Consequently, further researches need to adopt more holistic approach in investigating binge-watching and its effects.
... Belgrade, Serbia l 53 fully immersed in the viewing experience (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). Additionally, escapism is a significant motivator; binge-watching provides a temporary retreat from the stresses and routines of everyday life, offering a form of relaxation and distraction (Sung, Kang, & Lee, 2018). ...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of digital media consumption, with a specific focus on the impact of streaming services like Netflix. The study explores three critical dimensions: the rise of binge-watching, the application of agenda-setting theory to streaming platforms, and the transformation from traditional television broadcasting to on-demand streaming. Central to this examination is the cultural phenomenon of binge-watching, where we investigate its motivations, its psychological and social consequences, and its role as a reflection of wider shifts in media consumption patterns. The paper also applies the agenda-setting theory, traditionally linked to news media, to the context of digital streaming. This involves exploring how Netflix and similar platforms influence viewer choices and perceptions through their content selection and recommendation algorithms, potentially setting cultural and social agendas. The research also delves into the broader transformation in video consumption, examining the shift from scheduled programming to personalized, algorithm-based content delivery, and its effects on viewer habits, expectations, and the global media landscape. This study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of these changes, highlighting their implications for viewers, content creators, and policymakers. It contributes to academic discourse by offering insights into the dynamic and complex nature of modern media consumption, underlining the significance of streaming services in shaping the digital entertainment landscape and its broader societal and cultural impacts.
... Hence, it became possible to consume multiple TV series episodes (or another type of program) simultaneously for as long as one wants without being dependent on the weekly TV schedule and successive advertising interruptions. According to some authors (e.g., Shim & Kim, 2018), this new pattern of streaming video consumption, despite greater efficiency in choosing and controlling what is consumed, can lead to an excess, the well-known phenomenon of binge-watching, which has been much studied in recent years by various subject areas (Merikivi et al., 2018;Pittman & Sheehan, 2015;Steiner & Xu, 2020;Sung et al., 2018). This type of phenomenon originates in the development of various 'on-demand streaming' platforms, notably Netflix, Hulu, HBO GO, Amazon Prime, Disney+, Crunchyroll and Apple TV. ...
In recent years, countless studies have sought to explain and characterise video streaming consumption. Its facet of excessive consumption, the so-called binge-watching, has been privileged in an attempt to define and quantify, if possible, the phenomenon. In this work, we intend to analyse streaming video consumers, aiming to identify the factors that differentiate two specific types of consumers: TV series streamers and medium/short-duration video streamers. The data was obtained using a structured questionnaire, shared online between 16 June and 16 August 2022, to individuals residing in Portugal, aged between 18 and 64, with 496 valid responses. Our sample consists of 67.3% women, and 83.5% of the participants are of Portuguese nationality. About 75% of the participants assumed themselves as consumers of TV series, and about 25% were medium/short-duration video consumers. This study used several statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, chi-square independence test and logistic regression. The factors that differentiate these two groups of consumers are gender, age group, environment where they live, type of platforms used, the device they usually watch, with whom they typically watch and the system recommendations.
... The interviewees stated having a good time when binge-watching. Similar data is also found from some other studies in the literature about this aspect of binge-watching, revealing that people tend to binge-watch as an escape from real life (Panda & Pandey, 2017;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018), as a source of entertainment and an activity to pass the time (Sung et al., 2018), or as a medium for satisfying some of their desires such as having an enjoyable time and being able to be in control (Shim & Kim, 2017). ...
The tremendous developments in technology have been accompanied by changes in each and every corner of human life, including communication. Therefore, the fact that the rapid and huge transformation of media has become a point of attention is no surprise. The current version of media is called new media and bears several differences from traditional media all based on the digitalization era. This stream of change has been accompanied by numerous newly born media interaction behaviors, one of which is binge watching, which refers to watching several episodes of a television series or program in succession. This article aims to handle the issue of digital media product consumption in the world of new media from a sociological perspective by focusing on the social determinants of and motivations for watching series on digital platforms. To this aim, the paper draws a general framework of the fundamentals of new media blended with glimpses of consumer society and the age of speed. In order to support this theoretical view, the article conducts a field study using in-depth qualitative interviews with 10 people from different age groups. The data gathered from these interviews have been analyzed under three main themes: daily life practices and new media, forms of interaction with new media, and the general framework of binge-watching experiences.
... The interviewees stated having a good time when binge-watching. Similar data is also found from some other studies in the literature about this aspect of binge-watching, revealing that people tend to binge-watch as an escape from real life (Panda & Pandey, 2017;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018), as a source of entertainment and an activity to pass the time (Sung et al., 2018), or as a medium for satisfying some of their desires such as having an enjoyable time and being able to be in control (Shim & Kim, 2017). ...
... The interviewees stated having a good time when binge-watching. Similar data is also found from some other studies in the literature about this aspect of binge-watching, revealing that people tend to binge-watch as an escape from real life (Panda & Pandey, 2017;Rubenking & Bracken, 2018), as a source of entertainment and an activity to pass the time (Sung et al., 2018), or as a medium for satisfying some of their desires such as having an enjoyable time and being able to be in control (Shim & Kim, 2017). ...
... Bununla paralel olarak tüketim kültürünün de hızlı bir şekilde yerleştiği toplumlarda televizyon dizilerinin de ard arda tüketildiği bir süreç yaşanmaktadır. Televizyonda haftalık yayınlanan dizileri beklemek istemeyenler için hızlıca tüketilen bölümlerin yer aldığı alternatif internet tabanlı platformlar sayesinde kişiler izlemek istedikleri dizilerin peş peşe yayınlanan bölümlerine erişebilmekte ve bunları tıkınırcasına/aşırı/art arda (binge-watching) izleyerek doyuma ulaşmaya çalışmaktadırlar (1). Üstelik Netflix ve benzeri platformların yaygınlaşması ile art arda izleme davranışının arttığı ve bu artışın platformlarca fark edilerek bir tüketim faaliyeti olarak teşvik edildiği de gözlenmektedir (2). ...
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Aşırı İzleme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamasını yapılarak geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden, İstanbul’da yer alan bir vakıf üniversitesinin sağlık alanında lisans eğitimi almakta olan 446 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Aşırı İzleme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği" ve “Problemli Dizi İzleme Belirtileri Ölçeği” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Aşırı İzleme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin dil uyarlaması yapılmış olup güvenirlik çalışması için iç tutarlılık, madde-toplam puan güvenirlik katsayısı ve iki yarı test güvenirliği incelenmiş; yapı geçerliliğini ortaya koymaya yönelik Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA); ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlilik için ise benzer ölçek ile analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Aşırı İzleme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda orijinal ölçekte olduğu şekilde dört boyutlu olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Ortalama puanı 25.26±13.28 olan ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısının .903 olduğu, madde toplam korelasyon katsayılarının .322 ile .656 arasında değişim gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlilik için yapılan analiz sonucunda iki ölçek arasında (r=.298, p
... They observe that faculty members do not participate in online training when it is available; the reasons being limited scope and the absence of resources for active learning. Similarly, Yoon Hi Sung et al. found that while technical information was helpful in professional development, the training was deemed useless, as it was not linked to their specific teaching needs (Sung et al. 2018). ...
The government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) considers technology to be one of the main pillars of its vision for moving towards a knowledge-based society. Due to several factors such as globalisation, demand for information technology infrastructure and COVID-19 lockdowns, e-learning has become a popular method of delivery across higher education institutions in the UAE. In a first step, the authors of this article conducted a systematic review of existing literature (49 items published between 1999 and 2020). They found that the existing literature on online learning predominantly focuses on student-specific challenges, while there is still a dearth of published work covering faculty members’ specific challenges in facilitating online learning in the UAE. The second part of this exploratory study drew on stakeholders’ reflections of several years of designing and delivering online courses, analysing faculty members’ perspectives on online teaching and learning in the UAE. The authors present their qualitative research, which involved open-ended semi-structured interviews with 15 faculty members, followed by a thematic analysis of their responses using NVivo 12 pro software. The most critical themes which emerged were learners’ expectations, culture, perception, pedagogy and technology. The article also reveals how these topics contribute to the various strategies for seamless adoption and delivery of online education in the UAE.
... Ancak dikkat çekici olarak, aşırı izlemenin üzerine yapılan araştırmaların çoğu ya bu yeni tüketim şeklinin belirleyicilerine ya da sonuçlarına odaklanmıştır (örn. Granow et al., 2018;Rubenking ve Bracken, 2018;Shim ve Kim, 2018;Sung et al., 2018;Vaterlaus et al., 2019;Walton-Pattison et al., 2018). Bununla karşılaştırıldığında, bu çalışma aşırı izleme deneyimine ait fikirler sunarak literatüre katkıda bulunur. ...
ZET Bu çalışma, seri video içeriğinin aşırı izleme (binge-watching) deneyimiyle ilgili psikolojik kavramları inceledi. Sonuçlar, ulaşılan seviyede, nakillin izleyicilerin aşırı izleme deneyimlerine ve davranışlarına şekil vermedeki merkezi rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Nakil, aşırı izleme sıklığıyla pozitif bir ilişkiye sahiptir ve aşırı izleme seansının uzunluğunun parasosyal etkileşimlerin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini (tam aracılık) ve aşırı izleme keyfi üzerindeki etkisini (kısmi aracılık) aracılık etmektedir. Akış deneyimleyebilme becerisi, bir aşırı izleme seansının uzunluğunu öngördüğü bulunmuştur. Diğer önemli ilişkiler de ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmanın teorik ve pratik çıkarımları, gelecekteki araştırmalar için öneriler ve aşırı izlemenin mevcut kavramsal görünümlerinin genişletme olasılığı tartışılmaktadır.
... Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kebiasaan binge watching ini tidak terlepas dari konsekuensi-konsekuensi negatif yang berdampak pada pada psikologis maupun kesehatan. Penelitian menemukan bahwa binge watching berhubungan dengan kecanduan televisi, penurunan kualitas tidur, kelelahan di siang hari dan insomnia (Exelmans & Van den Bulck, 2017); binge watching juga terkait dengan tingkat depresi, kesepian, dan kecemasan yang lebih tinggi (Ahmed, 2017;Boudali et al., 2017); bahkan terdapat penelitian yang menggambarkan binge watching sebagai perilaku yang berpotensi menjadi adiksi dengan karakteristik fenomenologis seperti hilangnya kendali atas waktu menonton (Sung, Kang, & Lee, 2018). ...
The development of television into internet-based online video streaming has given viewers control over their own pace of media consumption and option to watch several episodes in one sitting. This refers to the phenomenon of binge watching. The phenomenon of binge watching through this online streaming platform has also developed among Korean drama (K-drama) viewers. This phenomenon has negative consequences both physically and mentally, moreover, it can also develop into addiction behaviour. Nevertheless, research on antecedents or factors that affect binge watching is still lacking, especially in Indonesia. One of the factors that become the antecedent of binge watching is involvement factor in narrative or known as narrative engagement. This study aims to determine the relationship between narrative engagement and binge watching behavior among K-drama viewers. This study used the correlation method with Spearman’s rho data analysis. The measuring instruments used in this study is the Narrative Engagement Scale by Buselle and Bilandzic (2009) and The Single-Program Binge Watching (SPBW) by Viens and Farar (2021) and adapted into the Indonesian context by researcher. The final sample in this study were 302 respondents aged 18-25 years, living in Jakarta and watched more than one episodes of K-drama at one sitting. The results showed a significant level of 0.000 < 0.05, with a correlation (r) 0.412. There is a significant positive relationship between narrative engagement and binge watching among K-drama viewers. Abstrak Perkembangan pada tayangan televisi menjadi video online streaming berbasis internet membuat penonton memiliki kendali atas laju konsumsi media mereka sendiri dan kebebasan untuk menonton beberapa episode sekaligus dalam satu waktu, yang menimbulkan fenomena binge watching. Fenomena binge watching melalui layanan platform online streaming ini juga berkembang pada penonton Korean drama (K-drama). Fenomena ini menimbulkan konsekuensi negatif baik dari segi fisik maupun mental, serta bisa berkembang menjadi adiksi. Meskipun demikian, penelitian mengenai anteseden atau faktor yang mempengaruhi binge watching masih sangat terbatas, terutama di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang menjadi antiseden perilaku binge watching muncul dari faktor keterlibatan terhadap narasi atau narrative engagement. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara narrative engagement dengan perilaku binge watching pada penonton K-drama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasi dengan analisis data Rank Spearman. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Narrative Engagement Scale oleh Buselle dan Bilandzic (2009) dan Single-Program Binge Watching (SPBW) oleh Viens dan Farar (2021) yang telah diadaptasikan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh peneliti. Sampel akhir dalam penelitian ini berjumlah sebanyak 302 responden berusia 18-25 tahun yang tinggal di Jakarta yang sedang menonton K-drama dengan cara menonton lebih dari satu episode sekaligus dalam satu waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.000 < 0.05, dengan korelasi (r) sebesar 0.412 sehingga diketahui terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara narrative engagement dengan binge watching pada penonton K-drama.
... Since the early 1970s, uses and gratifications have been a salient theory to examine motivations for television viewing, leading to different gratifications linked with television viewing (Greenberg, 1974;Katz et al., 1973;McQuail et al., 1972, Rubin, 1983. Although more sophisticated video technology expanded the number of channels and media choices over time, the bulk of uses and gratifications research continued to build further on a similar set of rather broadly defined social and psychological needs that were equally applied to, among others, cable television (Donohew et al., 1987;Williams et al., 1985) and video streaming (Pittman and Sheehan, 2015;Sung et al., 2018;Tefertiller and Sheehan, 2019). Sundar and Limperos (2013) showed there is considerable overlap between the gratifications for traditional and newer media, which is largely the result of the audiencecentric nature of uses and gratifications research. ...
This article investigates to what extent technological affordances are associated with people's preference for video streaming platforms over traditional television services. Such affordances refer to properties of these platforms (including personalized recommendations and easy-to-navigate interfaces) that provoke certain uses of the technology and satisfy social and psychological needs. Based on a quantitative study of 25-50-year-olds in Belgium (N = 596) and a hierarchical regression analysis, the study builds further on the conceptualization of technological affordances as presented in the MAIN model, which suggests that four affordances (Modality, Agency, Interactivity and Navigability) are central to digital media technology. As such, the study presents an affordance-based measure of video streaming platforms, and helps to understand how video streaming technology shapes new patterns of audiovisual consumption and enhances the viewing experience beyond that of traditional television. Whereas most research attention has focused on user-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms, this study addresses a gap in the literature by dealing with platform-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms.
... The constant availability of broadcasts on digital platforms, the simultaneous broadcasting of all episodes of the watched TV series, and the ad-free content pushed users to watch broadcasts continuously for long periods. 1 This innovation against traditional streaming eliminated a week's waiting period required for viewers to watch the series' episodes. Consecutive watching of full episodes of TV series has become a popular viewing pattern on streaming platforms (e.g., Netflix, Amazon Prime, YouTube video, etc.). ...
... Information-seeking behaviors were also noted as a motivation for binge-watching [10,76]. Escaping reality, dealing with loneliness, and coping motivations were associated with increased levels of binge-watching [58,75,76]. These motivations were found to be associated with problematic binge-watching, suggesting that when binge-watching is used as a maladaptive coping strategy, it can become a problematic behavior [10]. ...
Video-streaming typically describes watching live or prerecorded videos online. This behavior has significantly increased over the past two years in tandem with the global COVID-19 pandemic. The literature describing this behavior is still in its infancy, therefore, it is not well-characterized and our understanding is thereby limited. Different forms of problematic video-streaming have varying prevalence rates in the literature and each requires further operationalization. Overall, the various presentations of problematic video-streaming have been found to be associated with poor mental and physical health and linked to increased impulsivity, reduced academic and work performance, and lower quality of life. This article explores the current literature surrounding the definition, prevalence, validated assessments, associated factors, motivations, and available treatments for problematic video-streaming.
... In support for the aforementioned dichotomy, motives and engagement were shown to dissociate problematic from healthy involvement in bingewatching (Flayelle et al., 2019b;2019c;Ort et al., 2021). Although problematic binge-watchers mostly report negative reinforcement motives (e.g., escapism), healthy binge-watchers tend to report more hedonistic motives (e.g., entertainment) (Flayelle et al., 2019b;Sung et al., 2018). Moreover, research shows that problematic binge-watchers report more negative affect than healthy binge-watchers (Flayelle et al., 2019b) and that problematic binge-watching is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety (Starosta et al., 2021). ...
The practice of binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of TV series in one session) has become increasingly prevalent, but comprehending its nature and potential symptoms has been challenging. In particular, problematic binge-watching remains ill-defined and conceptualized, being regarded either as an addictive behaviour or a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Following a process-based approach, in the current study we explored the latter conceptualization, investigating the potential mediating role of an unconstructive ruminative thinking style between negative affect and problematic binge-watching. To this end, TV series viewers completed an online survey that assessed socio-demographic variables, TV series viewing habits, binge-watching motives and engagement, ruminative thinking styles and affect. Based on their answers, participants were allocated to one of the following three groups: non-binge-watchers (n = 59), trouble-free binge-watchers (n = 85), or problematic binge-watchers (n = 162). Group comparisons and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the underlying role of unconstructive rumination in problematic binge-watching. Results showed that, apart from the pattern of TV series watching, trouble-free binge-watchers shared little to no similarity with problematic binge-watchers, therefore supporting the need to differentiate these two behaviours. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that an unconstructive ruminative thinking style partially mediated the relationship between negative affect and coping/escapism and that it fully accounted for the relationship between negative affect and binge-watching derived positive emotions in problematic binge-watchers. These findings thus add to the notion that problematic binge-watching might serve as a way to bolster a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, implying that unconstructive rumination acts as a mediating process in this context.
... It is confirmed in systematic reviews of such definitions (e.g. Flayelle et al. 2020;Merikivi et al. 2020;Pierce-Grove 2017;Starosta, Izydorczyk 2020;Sung et al. 2018). Their authors focus on the problems of developing definitions concerning formal features, such as the watching time of a number of episodes qualifying a watching session as binge-watching. ...
Binging-and binge-watching in particular-has been receiving growing interest from communication scientists for a couple of years. Thus, after five decades of watching audiovisual content according to TV schedules, a recipient gained more autonomy regarding the content and ways of watching. The author aims to analyse the factors influencing the potential permanence of this specific way of media consumption, with literature review as the main method. These factors include different definitions of the concept, synonyms, applying the binging term to different media formats (binge-watching-binge-listening-binge-reading-binge-gaming), technological and social circumstances. These factors differ in their quality and scale. Will their convergence and synergy permanently change the practices of media consumption? Referring to previous changes in media differentiation, accessibility, and reception, although binging would probably become rather next, but not the dominating form of media practices of leisure time. The cognitive value of the article is to offer a theoretical basis for further quantitative and qualitative research on the reception of different media formats and genres; binging included.
2024 Fauzi, Hudaya: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional. The evolving impact of binge-watching influences consumers' intentions to continue using video-on-demand (VOD) platforms, with fear of missing out as a mediating factor. This study focuses on young individuals aged 17-25 years. Employing a quantitative research design, it aims to demonstrate the cause-and-effect relationships between binge-watching and continuation intention, mediated by fear of missing out. The novelty of this research lies in exploring both the direct relationship between binge-watching and continuation intention and the mediating role of fear of missing out, offering deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of consumer behavior. Data analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS application, utilizing primary data for the study. The findings reveal that fear of missing out directly have a positive and significant impact on the continuation intention using video-on-demand services. While fear of missing out also positively influences binge-watching but this effect is not significant. Additionally, binge watching exerts a positive and significant effect on the continuation intention for video-on-demand. However, indirectly, binge watching has a positive but not significant effect on the continuation intention for video-on-demand when mediated by fear of missing out
Purpose
This article investigates the impact of consumers’ promotion strategies on the effectiveness of promotional campaigns for subscribing to Over-the-Top (OTT) streaming services, from a prospective theoretical perspective. Additionally, it explores the moderating effects of platform type and subscriber type on promotion strategies in the context of OTT streaming services.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employs an experimental design to separately examine the promotion strategies of subscribers. The first part investigates the effect of promotion strategies on promotional effectiveness, regardless of platform and subscriber types, while the second part considers the moderating effects of both platform type and subscriber type on promotional effectiveness.
Findings
The analysis reveals that renewed subscribers exhibit a positive attitude toward incremental promotions and have stronger intentions to subscribe and recommend. Nonrenewed subscribers, in contrast, prefer discount promotions, demonstrating a positive attitude toward them and expressing higher intentions to subscribe and recommend.
Originality/value
This study applies prospect theory to OTT promotion strategies, uncovers the psychological drivers behind promotion effectiveness and examines the moderating role of subscriber type and platform type, thereby providing actionable insights to improve consumers’ attitudes and behavioral intentions.
This book is a collection of select research papers presented online, in a National Conference
Montage-21, held by the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Faculty of
Media Studies and Humanities in Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and
Studies, Faridabad. These papers were selected for publication after a close consideration on
the ideas and research presented here. These contributors from different universities across
the country gave consent to update in this format.
Abstrak Fenomena di masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa makin banyak bermunculan platform streaming untuk menonton, serta semakin banyak orang menonton film yang memiliki banyak episode dalam satu waktu. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) sebagai moderator dalam hubungan kesepian (loneliness) dan perilaku menonton maraton (binge-watching) pada dewasa awal. Penelitian ini melibatkan 355 partisipan (28 pria dan 327 wanita) berusia 20-30 tahun yang melakukan binge-watching, yang didefinisikan sebagai menonton dua atau lebih episode serial TV dalam satu sesi selama setidaknya dua jam di platform streaming seperti Netflix, Viu, Disney+, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan adalah Binge-watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ), UCLA Loneliness Scale, dan Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda (MRA) pada program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi signifikan antara loneliness dan binge-watching, namun FoMO tidak memoderasi hubungan diantara kedua variabel tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa loneliness dapat menjadi penyebab orang melakukan perilaku binge-watching, terutama pada orang dewasa awal. Namun FoMO tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi perilaku ini, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat faktor lain yang mungkin berperan. Implikasi dan kontribusi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya membuat intervensi kepada masyarakat mengenai keharusan menjaga kesehatan mental, dengan cara mencari kegiatan positif dan mengatur diri. Kata Kunci: Binge-watching, dewasa awal, fear of missing out (FoMO), loneliness Abstract The phenomenon in society shows that more and more streaming platforms are emerging for watching, and more and more people are watching films that have many episodes at one time. This research examines the role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a moderator of correlation between loneliness and binge-watching behavior in early adulthood. This study involved 355 participants (28 men and 327 women) aged 20-30 years who engaged in binge-watching, which is defined as watching two or more episodes of a TV series in one session for at least two hours on streaming platforms such as Netflix, Viu, Disney+ etc. This research uses non-experimental quantitative methods with purposive sampling techniques. The measurement instruments used were the Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs). Data analysis was carried out using Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) in the SPSS program. The research results show that there is a significant correlation between loneliness and binge-watching, but FoMO does not moderate the relationship between these two variables. This research found that loneliness can cause people to engage in binge-watching behavior, especially in early adulthood. However, FoMO does not significantly influence this behavior, so it can be concluded that there are other factors that may play a role. The implication and contribution of this research is the importance of making interventions to the community regarding the must of maintaining mental health, by looking for positive activities and self-regulation.
This study investigates the phenomenon of binge-watching, defined as the consecutive consumption of multiple episodes of a television program in a single sitting, facilitated by the proliferation of digital streaming platforms. Utilizing an online survey of 300 users of video streaming services, the research examines how individuals conceptualize binge-watching, their motivations for engaging in the activity, and its perceived consequences.
The findings indicate that the majority of respondents engage in binge-watching on both free platforms, such as YouTube, and subscription-based or pay-per-view services, including Netflix, Shahid Net, and Watch It. Key motivations identified include social interaction, escapism, and the convenience of uninterrupted access to television content, free from excessive advertisements.
The study provides nuanced insights into binge-watching behavior, encompassing its definitions, underlying motivations, associated personality traits, potential risks, and its connection to the "fear of missing out" (FOMO). The findings reveal two contrasting perspectives on binge-watching. The first emphasizes its positive aspects, including entertainment, emotional satisfaction, cognitive engagement, and effective use of leisure time. The second highlights its negative implications, such as increased anxiety, frustration, and symptoms of behavioral addiction. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between binge-watching and symptoms of behavioral addiction.
This research offers a theoretical framework for future studies on binge-watching behaviors. It also provides critical implications for the well-being of Egyptian families and strategic recommendations for streaming platforms such as Netflix, Shahid Net, and Watch It, aiming to optimize user experiences while mitigating potential risks.
Keywords: Binge-watching, video-on-demand, streaming platforms, marathon viewing, behavioral addiction.
Binge-Watching, die exzessive Nutzung mehrerer aufeinander folgender Episoden von Serien, wird auf Basis des internationalen Forschungsstandes beleuchtet. Nach Definition des Phänomens werden die Motive und Wirkungen dieser Nutzungsweise von Streamingangeboten vorgestellt. Die Befunde zu dem Spektrum zwischen erhöhtem Rezeptionsgenuss und unkontrollierter Sucht werden in Implikationen für die medienpädagogische Praxis überführt.
Purpose
The proliferation of technological advancements has facilitated unrestricted access to and customizable consumption of content for viewers. Over-the-top (OTT) services are becoming more and more popular as the number of people using video streaming services grows around the world. In this context, this study aims to identify the antecedents and outcomes of Customer over-the-top Experience (COTTE) by synthesizing the existing research.
Design/methodology/approach
This research used the systematic literature review approach to identify the antecedents and outcomes of COTTE, along with the publication schedule, theories, analytical techniques, research methodology, and geographic scope of the 47 studies identified from the Scopus and Web of Science database.
Findings
The findings elucidate various antecedents of COTTE, including user-related, social, content-related, and website/platform-related factors. Additionally, diverse outcomes, encompassing behavioural/attitudinal and company-related factors have been discussed. Furthermore, an integrated framework is presented herein, synthesizing extant research and guiding future researchers in this domain.
Originality/value
The study’s findings offer a novel perspective for service providers aiming to enhance the OTT experience for their customers. This study stands out as one of the first to comprehensively present the antecedents and consequences of COTTE.
Tehnološki napredak koji televizijskoj seriji omogućuje emancipaciju od linearnoga rasporeda emitiranja donosi nov način gledanja serija nekoliko epizoda zaredom, kada i koliko gledatelj želi (binge-watching). Dosadašnja istraživanja sugeriraju da taj način gledanja serija odlikuje angažirani užitak u priči. Komunikološki koncept narativnoga angažmana pruža uvid u mehanizme angažmana pri susretu s narativnim tekstom, povezujući intenzitet narativnoga iskustva i užitak. Cilj nam je bio analizirati intenzitet narativnoga iskustva tijekom binge-watchinga u smislu istaknutosti i povezanosti triju temeljnih procesa koji ukazuju na intenzitet narativnoga angažmana: teleprisutnosti (senzorne „prisutnosti“ u artificijelnome okružju), transportacije (uživljenosti u priču) i identifikacije (preuzimanja perspektive likova). Analizirali smo originalne ljestvice koje mjere intenzitet tih procesa. Proveli smo anketno digitalno istraživanje metodom grude snijega na 833 odrasla ispitanika koji upražnjavaju binge-watching. Naši nalazi ukazuju na istaknutost i statistički značajnu snažnu povezanost svih triju ispitivanih procesa, sugerirajući da je praksa binge-watchinga povezana s izraženim narativnim angažmanom gledatelja i potvrđujući tako rezultate dobivene drugim metodama koji naglašavaju imerzivnost binge-watchinga i intenzivan užitak kao posljedicu takva načina gledanja serija. Predstavljeno istraživanje dio je opsežnijega istraživanja fenomena binge-watchinga. Ključne riječi: binge-watching; transportacija; identifikacija; teleprisutnost; narativni angažman
Binge-watching has become one of the most popular ways for people to spend their free time.
Binge-watching refers to watching more than two episodes of a television show in a single sitting.
This pattern of behavior can be seen in people of a wide range of ages, but it is particularly
widespread among people of millennial age and younger. In this study, we propose a model that
explains binge-watching engagement by theorizing and testing the association of social influence
on perceived usefulness, regret on the continuous intention of binge-watching, and habit on
continuous intention and binge-watching engagement. The authors evaluated the model using
data collected from 225 respondents. The results supported the proposed hypotheses and
confirmed that regret does not neutralize the positive – and strong – effect of perceived usefulness
and habit on binge-watching.
Film keşif ağları yalnızca film önerileri sunmakla kalmaz, izleyici pratiklerini dönüştüren faktörlerle alımlama biçimlerinden tüketim örüntülerine kadar uzanan değişimlerin aracı olur. Bunun yanında filmlerle ilgili paylaşımlar yapmak, filmleri derecelendirmek, film listeleri oluşturmak gibi eylemler, dijital kültürün sinema kavrayışını değiştiren etkilerine işaret etmektedir. Seyir formlarını ve sinema söylemini etkileyen yeni medya olanaklarının, nasıl ve hangi amaçlarla kullanıldığının belirlenmesi, farklı seyirci profillerinin anlaşılmasında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu olanakların kullanımı, izleyicilerin film deneyimlerini şekillendiren ve sinema kültürünü çeşitlendiren dinamikleri açığa çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktada, örneklem olarak belirlenen Letterboxd film keşif ağı incelenmeye değer bir örnek olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitekim Letterboxd, sinema tutkunlarının film önerilerini paylaşma, değerlendirme yapma ve özel listeler oluşturma gibi etkileşimli eylemleriyle, dijital çağın sinema algısını değiştiren önemli bir araç olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak, bu sosyal ağı kullanan 11 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler düzenlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu sosyal ağ aracılığıyla katılımcıların, dijital çağın getirdiği yenilikleri benimsedikleri görülmüş, ayrıca Letterboxd sosyal ağının kendi değer yargılarını üreten interaktif ve özelleştirilmiş bir mecra olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Celem niniejszego tekstu jest opis ilościowego stanu piśmiennictwa na temat binge watchingu, charakterystyka formalna badań nad tym zjawiskiem (metod, technik, populacji) oraz przedstawienie motywów bingowania i jego skutków. W artykule zastosowano pogłębioną analizę literatury przedmiotu (126 publikacji za lata 2014-2021), w efekcie omawiając rozwój badań nad bing-watching jako interdyscyplinarnym polem badawczym, z uwzględnieniem wykształcenia się i różnicowania się trendów badawczych, częściowo specyficznych dla poszczególnych nauk.
Online video streaming platforms have swept the globe. Traditional form of entertainment like Television is now being replaced by video on demand services providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, Disney Hotstar, to name a few. These service providers have now established themselves as a serious rival to the broadcasting and television industry. The demand for regular television broadcasting is declining as these platforms are providing high quality original productions at the ease of the customer’s home. The impact of streaming services, specifically Netflix, on viewers behaviour and media consumption has been explored using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data source include survey with OTT platform users, while secondary data source encompass studies and reports by media research firms and industry analysts. This combination of data sources provides a comprehensive view of the changes brought about by streaming services. The analysis of both primary and secondary data highlights the shift from linear Tv to on demand viewing, the rise in binge-watching, and the increase in diversity of content due to original programming. The data also shows that personalized recommendation have made it easier for viewers to discover new shows and movies. Overall, the data supports the conclusion that streaming services have transformed the way people engage with and consumer media.
Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de Netflix dizilerinin “aşırı izleme” [binge-watching]davranışının motivasyonlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal temelini Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar yaklaşımı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma uygulamalı bir araştırma olup, nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Türkiye’de yer alan Netflix kullanıcılarıdır. Çevrimiçi uygulanan, 441 anket formu verisi üzerinden araştırmanın analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada aşırı izleme davranışı değişkenini ölçmek amacıyla Flayelle, Canale, Vögele, Karila, Maurage ve Billieux (2019) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ölçekten yararlanılmıştır. Diğer yandan araştırmanın konusu kapsamında incelenen Netflix dizilerini aşırı izlemeyi etkileyen unsurlar olan sosyal etkileşim, eğlence, zaman geçirme, rahatlama, kaçış, bilgi ve alışkanlık değişkenlerini ölçmede Sung, Kang ve Lee (2018) tarafından kullanılan ölçekler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin tümü 5’li Likert tipinde ölçülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında frekans analizleri, güvenilirlik, geçerlilik ve regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda sosyal etki, eğlence ve rahatlama, zaman geçirme ve kaçış ile alışkanlık değişkenlerinin Netflix dizilerini aşırı izlemeyi etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
This study explores intrinsic (i.e., perceived enjoyment, perceived involvement) and extrinsic motivator (i.e., perceived usefulness, convenience, perceived ease of use) for usage continuance of hedonic mobile applications (apps). Satisfaction serves as an important link between motivators and continued willingness to use, therefore its effect was analysed through mediation. Data was collected through an online survey and a total of 720 valid responses were received. Results showed that intrinsic motivators had a significant effect on continued willingness to use (CWU) and extrinsic motivators on satisfaction for hedonic mobile apps. Extrinsic motivators strongly mediate the relationship between intrinsic motivators and satisfaction. Factors related to viewing patterns (i.e., viewing frequency, viewing time) and demographic factors (i.e., age, education) moderated relationships in the model. This study provides significant theoretical and practical implications for researchers in the domain of mobile applications. The study introduces convenience as a determinant of satisfaction and validates the existence of duality for dimensions of motivators.
The phenomenon of binge-watching has received considerable attention in both the media and in research. However, extended-time television viewing is not only confined to narrative binges. This study sought to better understand the differences between different types of extended-time television viewing, including binge-watching. The sample included 914 survey respondents convenience sampled from a national panel; all respondents had watched at least two hours of television in one sitting within the last two weeks. While little evidence was found to suggest a connection between problematic mental health antecedents and extended-time viewing, differences in audience attention and overall patterns of consumption were found.
The new modes of television consumption point to the interest of binge-watching as the object of study. This paper builds an intensity index that classifies users into “irregular”, “regular” or “dedicated”. Methodologically, an inter-method sequence is applied, combining descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses, as well as discussion groups from which cleavages or discursive positions derive. The results of the research indicate that most of the University population are binge-watchers so the terms have changed and a new scale is necessary for identifying the level of engagement with binge-watching behaviour in the current. Almost 30% of the university population under study corresponds to the typical-ideal category of “dedicated” and 33% with the “regular”. The growth rate of the phenomenon is exponential between 2016-2019. The triggering motivations for binge-watching are primarily hedonic; its effects affect our moods especially in “dedicated” users. Two different types of viewing are clearly identified. The first is committed or prioritized viewing (with a high attention level, high dependence and sympathy with regards to the story and characters), and secondary or complimentary viewing. The study concludes that, in a pre-pandemic context of over-audiovisual fiction content (fictoxication), the ability to select and self-assess the media diet acquires the fundamental skill status in the socio-educational framework of the younger ones.
Study objectives:
To investigate the prevalence of binge viewing, its association with sleep and examine arousal as an underlying mechanism of this association.
Methods:
Four hundred twenty-three adults (aged 18-25 years old, 61.9% female) completed an online survey assessing regular television viewing, binge viewing, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Fatigue Assessment Scale), insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale), and pre-sleep arousal (Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale). Regression analyses were conducted. Mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS Macro.
Results:
There were 80.6% who identified themselves as a binge viewer. Among those who binge viewed (n = 341), 20.2% had binge viewed at least a few times a week during the past month. Among poor sleepers (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5), 32.6% had a poor sleep quality associated with being a binge viewer. Higher binge viewing frequency was associated with a poorer sleep quality, increased fatigue and more symptoms of insomnia, whereas regular television viewing was not. Cognitive pre-sleep arousal fully mediated these relationships.
Conclusions:
New viewing styles such as binge viewing are increasingly prevalent and may pose a threat to sleep. Increased cognitive arousal functions as the mechanism explaining these effects. Measures of media exposure should take into account the user's level of engagement with media. Interventions aimed at (1) alerting viewers about excessive viewing duration and (2) reducing arousal before sleep may be useful ways to tackle sleep problems in binge viewers.
The advancing digitalization and media convergence demands TV broadcasting companies to adjust their content to various platforms and distribution channels. The internet, as convergent carrier medium, is increasingly taking on a central role for additional media. Classical linear TV is still important, but for some audiences it has been developing from a primary medium to a secondary medium. Owing to the growing melding of classical-linear TV contents with online offerings (e.g. video-on-demand platforms or Web–TV), a great dynamic can be seen which has triggered numerous discussions about the future of TV for some time now. This article will summarize the results of two different audience studies. Film and television shows are meanwhile distributed online via Video-on-Demand platforms such as Netflix or Amazon Prime Video. The first audience study has dealt with the use of VoD-platforms in Germany investigating user rituals, user motivation to watch films and TV shows on these platforms, and the meaning of VoD in everyday life. Most of the participants in this study reported that they mainly watch TV drama series at Netflix or Amazon Prime. Therefore, the second audience study focused the online use of television drama series of individuals and couples elaborating the phenomenon of binge watching. In relating the audience practice to the new structures of the television market the article will shed light on the future of television.
"Binge-watching" represents a radical shift for twenty-first century media consumption. Why do people select this method of television viewing? A survey administered to 262 television binge-watchers identified factors that influence binge watching, several of which are somewhat different than factors impacting other types of television viewing. Factors salient for regular bingers are relaxation, engagement, and hedonism. For those who plan ahead to binge, program quality (aesthetics) and the communal aspect (social) also come into play. Those who binge on an entire series in one or two days value engagement, relaxation, hedonism, and aesthetics. We also discuss the theoretical implications and future development of uses and gratifications.
Background and aims:
The most popular recreational pastime in the U.S. is television viewing. Some researchers have claimed that television may be addictive. We provide a review of the definition, etiology, prevention and treatment of the apparent phenomenon of television addiction.
Methods:
Selective review.
Results:
We provide a description of television (TV) addiction, including its negative consequences, assessment and potential etiology, considering neurobiological, cognitive and social/cultural factors. Next, we provide information on its prevention and treatment.
Discussion and conclusions:
We suggest that television addiction may function similarly to substance abuse disorders but a great deal more research is needed.
Several studies have applied uses and gratifications to explain Internet usage. Like Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, the uses and gratifications framework explains media use in terms of expected positive outcomes, or gratifications. However, previous uses and gratifications research accounted for little variance in Internet behavior, although there were conflicting results. This research identifies new variables from social-cognitive theory that might further explain Internet usage and resolve inconsistencies in prior research. Measures of self-efficacy and self-disparagement were developed for the domain of Internet behavior. Internet addiction was interpreted as a deficient self-regulation within the social-cognitive framework. Finally, the negative outcomes of online behavior were analyzed for their impact on Internet usage. In a survey of 171 college students, the social-cognitive model explained 60% of the available variance in Internet usage using multiple regression analysis, a significant improvement over prior uses and gratifications research.
Our objective was to explore the psychological origins of media gratifications by examining how pertinent psychological variables, based on McGuire's paradigm, help explain television viewing motivation. Hierarchical multiple regression of responses from a quota sample of 331 persons showed that psychological antecedents and control variables helped predict viewing motivation. Parasocial interaction, anxiety, creativity, and sensation seeking's disinhibition dimension were the most substantial predictors, along with television affinity and exposure. We discussed the implications of these findings.
We examined audience uses of the Internet from a uses-and-gratifications perspective. We expected contextual age, unwillingness to communicate, social presence, and Internet motives to predict outcomes of Internet exposure, affinity, and satisfaction. The analyses identified five motives for using the Internet and multivariate links among the antecedents and motives. The results suggested distinctions between instrumental and ritualized Internet use, as well as Internet use serving as a functional alternative to face-to-face interaction.
Ownership of MP3 players, such as Apple's iPod, continues to grow at a steady pace in the US. College students are one age group that is active in the adoption of these devices. Based on a uses and gratifications framework, this study examined how college students are using this technology as compared to radio listening. Results showed that more than half of the respondents in a national random sample own some type of MP3 player. Motivations for using the players included boredom, stimulation, entertainment, relaxation/escape, and loneliness. An important finding was that the use of MP3 players appears to be serving as a substitute for listening to traditional radio for this age group. This manuscript was submitted to editor-elect Michael Brown, who supervised the blind review and made all editorial decisions.
Recent research explaining Internet usage has both extended and challenged the uses and gratifications approach to understanding media attendance by discovering "new" gratifications and introducing powerful new explanatory variables. The present research integrates these developments into a theory of media attendance within the framework of Bandura's (1 986) Social Cognitive Theory. Respondents from 2 Midwestern states were recruited by mail to complete an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test a.new model of media attendance in which active consideration of Internet uses and gratifications, moderated by Internet self-efficacy, joins habitual behavior and deficient self-regulation as determinants of media behavior. The model explained 42% of the variance in Internet usage. ,
This study examined whether motives and individual differences (social activity, interpersonal interaction, locus of control, sensation-seeking, innovativeness and YouTube affinity) predicted viewing videos on YouTube and sharing videos with others. Consistent with uses and gratifications assumptions, motives and individual differences differentially predicted viewing and sharing behaviors. Participants viewed videos for information seeking, and viewed and shared videos for entertainment, co-viewing and social interaction. Results suggest that while people watch videos on YouTube for some of the same reasons identified in studies of television viewing, there is a distinctly social aspect to YouTube use that reflects its social networking characteristics.
Purpose
User‐generated media (UGM) like YouTube, MySpace, and Wikipedia have become tremendously popular over the last few years. The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical framework for explaining the appeal of UGM.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is mainly theoretical due to a relative lack of empirical evidence. After an introduction on the emergence of UGM, this paper investigates in detail how and why people use UGM, and what factors make UGM particularly appealing, through a uses and gratifications perspective. Finally, the key elements of this study are summarized and the future research directions about UGM are discussed.
Findings
This paper argues that individuals take with UGM in different ways for different purposes: they consume contents for fulfilling their information, entertainment, and mood management needs; they participate through interacting with the content as well as with other users for enhancing social connections and virtual communities; and they produce their own contents for self‐expression and self‐actualization. These three usages are separate analytically but interdependent in reality. This paper proposes a model to describe such interdependence. Furthermore, it argues that two usability attributes of UGM, “easy to use” and “let users control,” enable people to perform the aforementioned activities efficiently so that people can derive greater gratification from their UGM use.
Originality/value
UGM are an extremely important topic in new media scholarship, and this study represents the first step toward understanding the appeal of UGM in an integrated way.
Users have adopted a wide range of digital technologies into their communication repertoire. It remains unclear why they adopt multiple forms of communication instead of substituting one medium for another. It also raises the question: What type of need does each of these media fulfill? In the present article, the authors conduct comparative work that examines the gratifications obtained from Facebook with those from instant messaging. This comparison between media allows one to draw conclusions about how different social media fulfill user needs. Data were collected from undergraduate students through a multimethod study based on 77 surveys and 21 interviews. A factor analysis of gratifications obtained from Facebook revealed six key dimensions: pastime, affection, fashion, share problems, sociability, and social information. Comparative analysis showed that Facebook is about having fun and knowing about the social activities occurring in one’s social network, whereas instant messaging is geared mor
The authors examined the extent to which the relationships among coping, loneliness, depression, and 3 problematic drinking behaviors varied as a function of gender in 2 community-based samples of young adults (19-39 years old). Regression analyses revealed that (a) after controlling for the quantity and frequency of alcohol typically consumed, the 3 psychosocial variables were significantly related to frequency of intoxication, binge drinking, and drink tossing behaviors; (b) not all predictors were related to all problem drinking behaviors; (c) the predictors that were significant varied as a function of the 2 cohorts; and (d) with the exception of frequency of intoxication in the younger cohort, the associations between the predictors and problematic drinking behaviors tended to be similar for men and women. Future directions for research are discussed.
Transportation was proposed as a mechanism whereby narratives can affect beliefs. Defined as absorption into a story, transportation entails imagery, affect, and attentional focus. A transportation scale was developed and validated. Experiment 1 (N = 97) demonstrated that extent of transportation augmented story-consistent beliefs and favorable evaluations of protagonists. Experiment 2 (N = 69) showed that highly transported readers found fewer false notes in a story than less-transported readers. Experiments 3 (N = 274) and 4 (N = 258) again replicated the effects of transportation on beliefs and evaluations; in the latter study, transportation was directly manipulated by using processing instructions. Reduced transportation led to reduced story-consistent beliefs and evaluations. The studies also showed that transportation and corresponding beliefs were generally unaffected by labeling a story as fact or as fiction.
Internet addiction has been identified as a pathological behavior, but its symptoms may be found in normal populations, placing it within the scope of conventional theories of media attendance. The present study drew upon fresh conceptualizations of gratifications specific to the Internet to uncover seven gratification factors: Virtual Community, Information Seeking, Aesthetic Experience, Monetary Compensation, Diversion, Personal Status, and Relationship Maintenance. With no parallel in prior research, Virtual Community might be termed a "new" gratification. Virtual Community, Monetary Compensation, Diversion, and Personal Status gratifications accounted for 28% of the variance in Internet Addiction Tendency. The relationship between Internet addiction and gratifications was discussed in terms of the formation of media habits and the distinction between content and process gratifications.
People are increasingly viewing, providing, and recommending video content through the Internet. Applying the uses and gratifications framework, along with contextual age and generational theory, this study identifies and compares motivations for, and their influence on, traditional TV viewing and online user-shared video use among a U.S. sample of adult Internet users. Further, this study explores the form and role of audience activity through online user-shared video recommendations (type, channel, and social relation). Overall, the basic U&G motivations also apply to the new online media world, but differ in levels and influence.
Interactive television (IPTV) leads to noteworthy changes in marketing and advertising. As an innovative technology, IPTV provides advanced, customized, and personalized television services, with interactivity assumed to be the major difference from traditional media. The purpose of this study is to identify clusters of users based on motivations for using IPTV and to examine the relationships among the motivations, actual interactions, perceived interactivity, and attitude toward the technology. The study contributes to the body of knowledge of consumer behavior in high-tech services by identifying motivations for using IPTV and clarifying the relationships between those motivations and the interactivity.
Twenty four of 237 adults surveyed agreed with the statement “I'm addicted to television.” They ranged from 18 to 72 years old. Respondents completed the TV Addiction Scale (Smith, 1986), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975), Short Imaginal Processes Inventory (Huba, Singer, Aneshensel, & Antrobus, 1982), and Television Use Styles Inventory (Schallow & Mcllwraith, 1986–87). Compared with the rest of the sample, self‐labelled “TV addicts” were more neurotic, introverted, and easily bored. They more often used TV to distract them‐selvesfrom unpleasant thoughts, regulate moods, and fill time. Thegroups did not differ in positive fantasy.
Three studies show that consumer response to advertising depends on engagement with the media content, in this case a television program, in which the advertising appears. The specific form of engagement studied is the experience of narrative transportation, of being absorbed into the narrative world of the program. If an ad is not intrusive, by virtue of where it occurs in a narrative, high transportation is shown to positively impact an ad. This impact is obtained if the ad matches the narrative (thematically compatible), supporting the hypothesis that transportation can act as a message frame that increases processing. If a compatible ad is intrusive, however, it is shown that high transportation is disrupted and this negatively impacts an ad. A third study proposes and finds an additional mechanism, called transportation transference, in which high narrative transportation increases the transportation with an ad that is not intrusive and this increase in ad transportation in turn increases advertising effectiveness.
Mobility, immediacy, and instrumentality are found the strongest instrumental motives in predicting the use of cellular phones, followed by intrinsic factors such as affection/sociability. Subscription to functionally enhanced services such as call transfers and caller ID appears to be important predictors for overall cellular phone use, especially for those who are on the go. As expected, the use of cellular phones on buses, cars, and trains or in malls and restaurants is strongly linked to mobility and immediate access gratifications. Further, young and less educated women tend to talk longer on each call. Finally, talking to co-workers and business partners via cellular phones appears to be for instrumental reasons, while talking to immediate family members is for mobility and showing affection.
The investigation explored the relationships between child and adolescent television use motivations and various sociodemographic characteristics, television viewing levels, program preference, and television attitudes. Six viewing motivations were identified: learning, passing time or habit, companionship, escape or forget, arousal, and relaxation. Age was the only demographic correlate of most of these functions. All viewing motivations correlated positively with television viewing levels, medium attachment, and perceived content reality. However, when age and level of viewing were partialed out, habitual viewing was no longer found to correlate with perceived reality. Several significant associations between viewing motivations and program preference were also noted. Arousal viewers preferred dramatic programs, while habitual, escapist, and companionship viewers favored comedies. Habitual viewers also shunned news and public affairs programs. Implications of the findings were discussed within the conceptual rubric of the uses of gratifications research perspective.
Loneliness has been associated with increased Internet use. Lonely individuals may be drawn online because of the increased potential for companionship, the changed social interaction patterns online, and as a way to modulate negative moods associated with loneliness. Online, social presence and intimacy levels can be controlled; users can remain invisible as they observe others’ interactions, and can control the amount and timing of their interactions. Anonymity and lack of face-to-face communication online may decrease self-consciousness and social anxiety, which could facilitate pro-social behavior and enhance online friendship formation. Support for this model was found in a survey of 277 undergraduate Internet users that was used to assess differences between lonely and not-lonely individuals in patterns of Internet use. Loneliness was assessed on the UCLA Loneliness Scale; students in the highest 20% (Lonely) were compared with all other students (Non-lonely). Lonely individuals used the Internet and e-mail more and were more likely to use the Internet for emotional support than others. Social behavior of lonely individuals consistently was enhanced online, and lonely individuals were more likely to report making online friends and heightened satisfaction with their online friends. The lonely were more likely to use the Internet to modulate negative moods, and to report that their Internet use was causing disturbances in their daily functioning.
Heavy episodic or "binge" drinking is commonly defined as drinking 4-5 drinks per occasion (5/4 definition) or drinking that results in a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08%. The present study compared the validity of each binge definition as an indicator of at-risk, problem drinking. Two hundred and fifty-one college students were classified as nonbinge drinkers or as binge drinkers based on the 5/4 definition or the .08% BAC definition. The two definitions of binge drinking were examined in terms of their sensitivity and specificity as indicators of alcohol-related problems as determined by scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Over half the sample (56%) were at-risk drinkers according to the AUDIT. The .08% definition detected only one-half of these individuals. Gender differences were also evident. Female binge drinkers actually achieved significantly higher estimated BACs per episode than their male binge drinking counterparts. The findings suggest that drinking to a subthreshold BAC (ie, <.08%) is not sufficient to avoid alcohol-related problems, and that total quantity (ie, total standard drinks) per occasion might contribute to risk independent of the BAC achieved during drinking episodes. The findings also highlight the importance of considering frequency of consumption in determining risky drinking versus relying solely on quantity measures.
The author and associates surveyed 1,300 college students in classrooms at eight academic institutions to identify how the students' use of the Internet has affected their social or academic lives. Although the typical Internet-using student uses the Internet for 100 minutes per day, a small group of students use the Internet to a degree that interferes with other aspects of their lives. Most of them are men and are found among the hard science academic majors. Some ideas for dealing with this problem are suggested.
An empirical model of player motivations in online games provides the foundation to understand and assess how players differ from one another and how motivations of play relate to age, gender, usage patterns, and in-game behaviors. In the current study, a factor analytic approach was used to create an empirical model of player motivations. The analysis revealed 10 motivation subcomponents that grouped into three overarching components (achievement, social, and immersion). Relationships between motivations and demographic variables (age, gender, and usage patterns) are also presented.
To ascertain to what degree binge eating is experienced as an addiction, this study examined the proportion of women with binge-eating disorder (BED) whose symptoms met criteria for an addiction. Women (N = 79) with current BED completed a structured telephone interview to assess for symptoms of a modified version of DSM-IV substance dependence and Goodman's [(1990). Addiction: Definition and implications. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 1403-1408] proposed diagnosis of 'addictive disorder'. Most binge eaters (92.4%) met modified DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence, whereas many fewer (40.5%) met Goodman's more restrictive criteria for addictive disorder. Women meeting criteria for addictive disorder had more frequent eating binges than those who did not. Despite certain observed similarities between binge eating and addictions, we argue that BED should remain classified as an eating disorder.
MarketCast releases new study, “Marathon TV: How binge-viewing is changing the way we watch
- Marketcast
Netflix declares binge watching is the new normal
- Marketwatch
Share of consumers who ever binge view television shows in the United States as of
- Statista
Statista (2016). Share of consumers who ever binge view television shows in the United States as
of November 2014, by age. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/431132/bingewatching-tv-shows-by-age-us/
TV binge watching is a harmless addiction
- G F Cooper
Cooper, G. F. (2013, June 28). TV binge watching is a harmless addiction. Today. Retrieved
from http://www.today.com//tv-binge-watching-mostly-harmless-addiction-6C10476290
Binge nation: 70% of Americans engage in marathon TV viewing
- Deloitte
Deloitte (2016, March 23). Binge nation: 70% of Americans engage in marathon TV viewing.
Retrieved from http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/binge-watching-us-study-deloitte-1201737245/
When, exactly, does watching a lot of Netflix become a "binge
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