Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections

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Introduction
In recent years, scientic and technological advancements have
been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral
drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such
as short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying
times.1,2 The oral bioavailability of drugs with an absorption window
in the upper part of the gastro intestinal tract is generally limited with
conventional dosage forms such as tablet, capsules and granules.
These drugs can be delivered ideally by slow release from the stomach
to give a localized effect at the site of action.3,4 Improved efcacy is
expected for drugs that are used in the treatment of gastric disorders
like ulcers and H. pylori infections.5 Many drugs categorized as once-
a-day delivery have been demonstrated to have suboptimal absorption
due to dependence on the transit time of the dosage form, making
traditional extended release development challenging. Therefore,
a system designed for longer gastric retention will extend the time
within which drug absorption can occur.6
Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely variable process
and ability to prolong and control the emptying time is a valuable
asset for dosage forms, which reside in the stomach for a longer
period of time than conventional dosage forms. Several difculties
are faced in designing sustained release systems for better absorption
and enhanced bioavailability.7 The residence time is main factor to
limit the absorption of drug in the stomach and upper intestine. It also
modied in vitro & in vivo release prole of the oral conventional
dosage form. To overcome this restriction and to increase the
bioavailability of these drugs, sustained drug delivery systems, with a
prolonged residence time in the stomach, can be used.8
Gastro-retentive dosage forms (GRDFs) are designed to be retained
in the stomach for a prolonged time and release their active ingredients
and thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug to the
upper part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This technology has
generated enormous attention over the last few decades owing to its
potential application to improve the oral delivery of some important
drugs, for which prolonged retention in the upper GI tract can greatly
improve their oral bioavailability and/or their therapeutic outcome.9
Main types of gastro retentive drug delivery
systems
Gastro retentive delivery systems are designed to be retained in the
stomach for a prolonged time and release their active ingredients and
thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug to the upper
part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This technology has generated
enormous attention over the last few decades owing to its potential
application to improve the oral delivery of some important drugs for
which prolonged retention in the upper GI tract can greatly improve
their oral bioavailability and/or their therapeutic outcome. Gastro
retentive delivery system can be classied as follows.
a. Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System
b. Expandable Drug Delivery System
c. Floating Drug Delivery System and
d. High density systems
Bioadhesive systems
Bioadhesive drug delivery systems are used as a delivery device
within the lumen to enhance drug absorption in a site specic
manner (Figure 1). This approach involves the use of bioadhesive
polymers, which can adhere to the epithelial surface in the stomach.10
Bioadhesive systems adhere to gastric epithelial cells or mucous and
extend the gastric retention by increasing the intimacy and duration of
contact between gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) and
the biological membrane. Some of the most promising excipients that
have been used commonly in these systems include polycarbophil,
carbopol, lectins, chitosan and gliadin and alginate etc.
Bioadhesive systems are those which bind to the gastric epithelial
cell surface or mucin and serve as a potential means of extending
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. 404
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Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery
systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections
Volume 7 Issue 4 - 2018
Rishikesh Gupta,1 Purnima Tripathi,2 Peeyush
Bhardwaj,1 Alok Mahor1
1Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, India
2Vishveshwarya Institute of Medical Sciences, Dadri, India
Correspondence: Rishikesh Gupta, Institute of Pharmacy,
Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (UP)-284128, India, Tel +91-
9450040567, Email rishikeshgupt@gmail.com
Received: February 02, 2018 | Published: July 06, 2018
Abstract
Oral absorption of drugs with narrow absorption window in the upper small intestine shows
poor bioavailability with conventional dosage forms due short residence time. To overcome
this restriction and to increase the bioavailability of these drugs, controlled drug delivery
systems with a prolonged residence time in the stomach can be used. Gastric retention drug
delivery system can be used to prolonged residence times of the drug in the upper part
of the gastrointestinal tract. The current review deals with formulation developments of
gastric retentive drug delivery systems which is prolonged residence time and enhancing
oral bioavailability of the drugs. This review discusses on gastroretentive delivery system
especially designed against H. pylori, including patented delivery systems and marketed
products, and their advantages and future potential for gastric retention drug delivery
systems are discussed.
Keywords: H. pylori, oating system, bioadhesive system, gastroretentive drug delivery
system
Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research
Review Article Open Access

Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections 405
Copyright:
©2018 Gupta et al.
Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
the gastric residence time of drug delivery system in the stomach,
by increasing the intimacy and duration of contact of drug with the
biological membrane. The surface epithelial adhesive properties of
mucin have been well recognized and applied to the development
of GRDDS based on bioadhesive polymers. The ability to provide
adhesion of a drug to the mucous layer provides a longer residence
time in a particular organ site, thereby producing an improved effect
in terms of local action or systemic effect.
Figure 1 Mechanism of bioadhesion of drug molecules on mucus layer.
Expandable systems
Expandable gastric retentive delivery systems are easily swallowed
and reach a signicantly larger size in the stomach due to swelling
or unfolding processes that prolong their gastric retention time.11
After drug release, their dimensions are minimized with subsequent
evacuation from the stomach. Gastro-retentivity is enhanced by
the combination of substantial dimensions with high rigidity of the
dosage form to withstand the peristalsis and mechanical contractility
of the stomach. Narrow absorption window drugs compounded in
such systems have improved in vivo absorption properties.
Expansion mechanism of this system is swelling to an extent that
prevents their exit from the pylorus. As a result, the dosage form is
retained in the stomach for a long period of time. These systems may
be named as “plug type system”, since they exhibit the tendency to
remain logged at the pyloric sphincter if that exceed a diameter of
approximately 12-18mm in their expanded state. The formulation is
designed for gastric retention and controlled delivery of the drug into
the gastric cavity. Such polymeric matrices remain in the gastric cavity
for several hours even in the fed state. A balance between the extent
and duration of swelling is maintained by the degree of cross-linking
between the polymeric chains. A high degree of cross-linking retards
the swelling ability of the system maintaining its physical integrity
for prolonged period. The following schematic presentation (Figure 2)
explained the mechanism of expandable drug delivery system.
Floating drug delivery systems
Floating drug delivery systems have bulk density less than gastric
uids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric
emptying rate for a prolonged period of time.12 While the system is
oating on the gastric contents, the drug is released slowly at the
desired rate from the system, after release of drug; the residual system
is emptied from the stomach. This results in an increased gastric
retention time and a better control of the uctuations in plasma drug
concentration. Floating drug delivery system can be divided into (i)
Non-effervescent and (ii) Gas-generating system.13
Figure 2 Represents expandable drug delivery system. A) The device
signicantly swells on contact with gastric uids (to a few hundred times of
the original volume); B – D) the gastric contraction pushes the hydrogel to the
pylorus; E) the gastric contraction slips over the surface of the hydrogel; and F)
the hydrogel is pushed back into the body of the stomach.
Non-effervescent systems
This type of system, after swallowing, swells unrestrained via
imbibitions of gastric uid to an extent that it prevents their exit from
the stomach. One of the formulation methods of such dosage forms
involves the mixing of the drug with a gel, which swells in contact
with gastric uid after oral administration and maintains a relative
integrity of shape and a bulk density of less than one within the outer
gelatinous barrier. The air trapped by the swollen polymer confers
buoyancy to these dosage forms.14 Excipients used most commonly
in these systems include hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC),
polyacrylate polymers, polyvinyl acetate, Carbopol, agar, sodium
alginate, calcium chloride, polyethylene oxide and polycarbonates.
Various types of non-effervescent system are discussed below (a-c).
a. Colloidal gel barrier system
Such a system contains drug with gel-forming hydrocolloids meant
to remain buoyant on the stomach content. This system incorporates
a high level of one or more gel-forming highly soluble cellulose type
hydrocolloid, e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydoxyethyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polysaccharides and
matrix-forming polymer such as polycarbophil, polyacrylate and
polystyrene. On coming in contact with gastric uid, the hydrocolloid
in the system hydrates and forms a colloid gel barrier around its
surface. The schematic diagram of colloidal gel barrier system is
shown in Figure 3.
b. Microporous compartment system
This technology is based on the encapsulation of a drug reservoir
inside a microporous compartment with pores along its top and
bottom walls (Figure 4). In the stomach, the oatation chamber
containing entrapped air causes the delivery system to oat over the
gastric content. Gastric uid enters through the aperture, dissolves the
drug and carries the dissolved drug for continuous transport across the
intestine for absorption.
c. Alginate beads
Multi-unit oating dosage forms have been developed from dried
calcium alginate complex.15 Spherical beads of approximately 2.5mm

Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections 406
Copyright:
©2018 Gupta et al.
Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
in diameter can be prepared by dropping sodium alginate solution
into aqueous solution of calcium chloride, causing the precipitation
of calcium alginate. The beads are then separated, snap-frozen in
liquid nitrogen, and freeze-dried at -40ºC for 24 hours, leading to the
formation of a porous system, which can maintain a oating force for
over 12 hours. Schematic diagram for preparation of alginate beads is
shown in Figure 5.
Figure 3 Colloidal gel barrier system.
Figure 4 Microporous compartment system.
Figure 5 Schematic diagram for preparation of alginate beads.
Hollow microspheres/Microballons
Kawashima et al.16 was developed hollow microspheres loaded
with drug in their outer polymer shell were prepared by a novel
emulsion solvent diffusion method. The ethanol/dichloromethane
solution of the drug and an enteric acrylic polymer was poured into
an agitated solution of Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) that was thermally
controlled at 40ºC. The gas phase is generated in the dispersed polymer
droplet by the evaporation of dichloromethane formed and internal
cavity in the microsphere of the polymer with drug. The microballoon
oated continuously over the surface of an acidic dissolution media
containing surfactant for more than 12 hours. Various types of
effervescent system are discussed below (a-c).
a. Gas-generating (effervescent) systems
These buoyant systems utilize matrices prepared with swellable
polymers such as methocel, polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan),
effervescent components (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, citric acid or
tartaric acid). The system is so prepared that upon arrival in the
stomach; carbon dioxide is released, causing the formulation to oat
in the stomach.17,18 Other approaches and materials that have been
reported are a mixture of sodium alginate and sodium bicarbonate,
multiple unit oating pills that generate carbon dioxide when ingested,
oating minicapsules with a core of sodium bicarbonate, lactose and
polyvinylpyrrolidone coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC), and oating systems based on ion exchange resin technology.
These mini capsules contain a central core and a coating. The central
core consists of a granule composed of sodium bicarbonate, lactose
and a binder, which is coated with HPMC. Pepstatin is coated on the
top of the HPMC layer. The system oats because of the CO2 release
in gastric uid and resides in the stomach for prolonged period.19
b. High density systems
Sedimentation has been employed as a retention mechanism for
pellets that are small enough to be retained in the folds of the stomach
body near the pyloric region, which is the part of the organ with the
lowest position in an upright posture.20 Dense pellets (approx. 3g/cm3)
trapped in rugae also tend to withstand the peristaltic movements of
the stomach wall. With pellets, the GI transit time can be extended
from an average of 5.8–25 hours. Commonly used excipients are
barium sulphate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and iron powder, etc.
These materials increase density by up to1.5–2.4g/cm3.
c. Multiple unit type oating system
Multiple unit type oating system is sustained release pills, known
as ‘seeds’, which are surrounded by two layers. The outer layer is of
swellable membrane layer and inner layer consists of effervescent
agents. This system sinks at once and then it forms swollen pills like
balloons which oat as they have lower density, when it is immersed
in the dissolution medium at body temperature. The lower density of
the system is due to generation and entrapment of CO2 within the
system.21
Ion exchange resins
A coated ion exchange resin bead formulation has been shown to
have gastric retentive properties, which was loaded with bicarbonates.
Ion exchange resins are loaded with bicarbonate and a negatively
charged drug is bound to the resin. The resultant beads were then
encapsulated in a semi-permeable membrane to overcome the rapid
loss of carbon dioxide. Upon arrival in the acidic environment of the
stomach, an exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions take place.
As a result of this reaction carbon dioxide was released and trapped
in the membrane thereby carrying beads towards the top of gastric
content and producing a oating layer of resin beads in contrast to the
uncoated beads, which will sink quickly.

Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections 407
Copyright:
©2018 Gupta et al.
Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
Osmotic regulated systems
It is comprised of an osmotic pressure-controlled drug delivery
device and an inatable oating support in a bio erodible capsule.22 The
osmotic controlled drug delivery device consists of two components–
drug reservoir compartment and osmotically active compartment. In
the stomach the capsule quickly disintegrates to release the intragastric
osmotically controlled drug delivery device. The inatable support
inside forms a deformable hollow polymeric bag that contains a liquid
that gasies at body temperature to inate the bag.
Suitable drug candidates for gastro retention delivery
system
It is evident from the recent scientic and patient literature that
an increased interest in novel dosage forms that are retained in
stomach for a prolonged and predictable period of time exists today
in academic and industrial research groups. One of the most feasible
approaches for achieving a prolonged and predictable drug delivery in
the GI tract is to control the gastric residence time, i.e. gastro retentive
delivery system.
Gastric retention is enhanced the therapeutic effect of the drugs
due to improve the oral drug absorption in the stomach. Drugs are
released from the formulations in controlled manner so that reduce
dosing frequency and improve patience compliance. Suitable drug
candidates for gastric retention delivery system are shown in (Table
1).
Table 1 Pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetics classication of drug candidates
for gastro retentive delivery system
Poorly soluble at an alkaline pH
Ranitidine Anti-Histamine
Good absorption at stomach
chlordiazepoxide Antipsychotic
Cinnarizine Anti allergy
Narrow absorption window
Levodopa Ani epilepsy
Riboavin Vitamin
Drug degradation at colon
Ranitidine HCl Antiulcer
Metronidazole Antimicrobial
Amoxicillin Antibiotic
Poor solubility in water
Acyclovir Antiviral
Silymarin
Noroxacin Antibiotic
Ciprooxacin Antibiotic
Ooxacin Antibiotic
High solubility in acidic pH
Dipyridamole Antiplatelet
Domperidone Antiemetic
Locally acting at stomach
Misoprostol Anti Ulcer
Application of gastric retention delivery systems on
treatment of H. pylori infection
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common
pathogenic bacterial infections, colonizing an estimated half the
world’s population. It is associated with the development of serious
gastro duodenal disease—including peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma
and acute chronic gastritis.23 Figure 6 is shown clear representation of
mechanism of H. pylori induced gastric ulcer. H. pylori reside mainly
in the gastric mucosa or at the interface between the mucous layer and
the epithelial cells of the antral region of the stomach. H. pylori
Genomes have been linked to altered gastric acid secretion and
premalignant histological features.
The discovery of this microorganism has revolutionized the
diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Most antibacterial
agents have low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against
H. pylori in culture. And, single antibiotic therapy is not effective
for the eradication of H. pylori infection in vivo. This is because of
the low concentration of the antibiotic reaching the bacteria under
the mucosa, instability of the drug in the low pH of gastric uid and
short residence time of the antibiotic in the stomach. Combination of
more than one antibiotics and anti-secretory agent are required for
complete eradication of H. pylori, but these regimens are not fully
effective. Patient compliance, side effects and bacterial resistance are
the other problems. Other than the multi-antibiotic therapy, different
therapeutic strategies have been examined to completely eradicate H.
pylori from the stomach.24
Drug delivery strategies for treatment of H. pylori
One way to improve the efcacy in eradicating the infection is
to deliver the antibiotic locally in the stomach. Better stability and
longer residence time will allow more of the antibiotic to penetrate
through the gastric mucus layer to act on H. pylori. The reason for
the incomplete eradication of H. pylori is probably due to short
residence time of antimicrobial agents in the stomach so that effective
antimicrobial concentration cannot be achieved in the gastric mucous
layer or epithelial cell surfaces where H. pylori exists.25 The other
reason may be the degradation of antibiotics in gastric acid. Access
of antimicrobial drugs to the site is restricted from both the lumen
of the stomach and the gastric blood supply. H. pylori may also have
acquired resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. As
conventional drug delivery systems do not remain in the stomach for
prolonged periods, they are unable to deliver the antibiotics to the
site of infection in effective concentrations and in fully active forms.
Therefore, it is necessary to design drug delivery systems that not only
alleviate the shortcomings of conventional delivery vehicles but also
deliver the antimicrobials to the infected cell lines. The absorption of
an antibiotic into the mucus through the mucus layer (from the gastric
lumen) is believed to be more effective for H. pylori eradication than
absorption through the basolateral membrane (from blood). Scientists
have focused on development of new drug delivery systems which
were able to reside in stomach for an extended period for more
effective H. pylori eradication.26–28
Polyelectrolyte coated multilayered liposomes
(nanocapsules)
Jain P et al., was prepared polyelectrolylyte coated multilayered
liposomes for complete eradication of H. pylori. The system possesses
the advantages of both vesicular and particulate carriers, and it was
prepared by alternative coating of polyanion (poly(acrylic acid),

Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections 408
Copyright:
©2018 Gupta et al.
Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
PAA) and polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH) using
liposomes as the core. Compared with the conventional liposomes,
the polyelectrolyte based multilayered system (nanocapsules) gave
prolonged drug release in simulated gastric uid, which is well suited
for drug delivery against H. pylori infection in the stomach. In vitro
growth inhibition study, agglutination assay, and in situ adherence
assay in cultured H. pylori suggested the successful in vitro activity
and binding propensity of the system. In vivo bacterial clearance study
was carried out in a H. pylori infected mouse model. The novel system
was found signicant control of H. pylori infections.
Floating in situ gelling system
Gellan based amoxicillin and clarithromycin oating in situ
gelling systems were prepared by dissolving varying concentrations
of gellan gum in deionized water containing sodium citrate, to
which varying concentrations of drug and calcium carbonate, as gas-
forming agent.29,30 Required amount of amoxicillin and clarithromycin
for eradication of H. pylori was less in this system than from the
corresponding plain suspensions. Floating systems include gas-
generating systems, non-effervescent systems have been used most
commonly for treating H. pylori infections.31
Vaccine delivery systems (gastric-retention by
mucoadhesive)
The most signicant drawbacks of antibiotic therapy are its
failure to prevent reinfection, and the increasing number of resistant
strains; and these are the driving force to develop a vaccine against
this infection.32 Mucosal vaccination offers protection against
microorganisms which gain access to body via mucosal membranes.
The advantages of mucosal vaccination are numerous and include
high patient compliance, ease and low cost of application (i.e., no
need of trained personnel) and a decrease in the risk of the unwanted
needle-borne infections (AIDS, hepatitis, etc.). Further, vaccination at
mucosal surfaces may stimulate both systemic and mucosal immunity;
the latter not only at the site of vaccination, but also at distant
mucosal epithelia.33,34 It could also prevent infection by neutralizing
the pathogen at the site of entry.35 Chitosan based delivery systems
are suitable for mucosal vaccination due to its ability to open up
tight junctions and promote paracellular transport of antigen across
mucosa.36,37
Nanoparticles
Concept of nanoparticulate muco-penetrating drug delivery system
was developed complete eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori),
colonized deep into the gastric mucosal lining. Due to nanoparticles
has dual activity of adhesion and penetration of drugs into the mucous
layer38 was developed pH-responsive chitosan/heparin nanoparticles
by addition of heparin solution to a chitosan solution with magnetic
stirring at room temperature. The nanoparticles appeared to have a
particle size of 130–300nm, with a positive surface charge, and were
stable at pH 1.2–2.5, allowing them to protect an incorporated drug
from destructive gastric acids. Nanoparticles adhered to and inltrate
cell–cell junctions and interact locally resulting that signicantly
control H. pylori infections.39,40 Existing patented gastric retention
drug delivery system suitable for treatment of H. pylori infection has
outlined in the (Table 2).
Marketed products
Commonly used the formulation of gastroretentive dosage forms
for treatment of H. pylori infection available in the market are listed
in Table 3.
Table 2 Patented gastric retention drug delivery systems used for treatment of H. pylori infection
Patent information Name of the delivery system Design of the drug delivery system
US Patent Appl
2003232081.
Dec 2003.
“Pharmaceutical
composition for controlled
drug
delivery system”
Floating bilayer tablet of
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic-ciprooxacin.
Matrix forming gelling agent is HPMC which has a viscosity from
4000cps to 100000cps. Combination of matrix forming gelling
agent of Methocels K4M and Methocels K100M.
US Patent Appl
2006121106.
Jun 2006.
“Therapeutic
system comprising
amoxicillin and clavulanic
acid”
SR gastroretentive amoxicillin
composition in a
oating capsule dosage form for once or
twice daily
administration of amoxicillin and
clavulanic acid.
The capsule may be a polymer material of HPMC, gelatin and
starch. Preferably, HPMC. Suitable coatings may be well
soluble, poorly soluble, or slowly dissolving can be applied of
HPMC, HPC, HEC,
MC or PVP, combinations of Eudragit RL PO, Eudragit RL 100,
Eudragit RL30D, Eudragit RS PO, Eudragit RS 100,
Eudragit RS30D or combinations of a neutral polymer of
methacrylate (e.g., Eudragit NE 30 D, Eudragit NE 40 D.
US Patent Appl
2006177497.
Jan 2005.
“Gellan gum based oral
controlled
Release dosage forms-a
novel platform
Technology for gastric
retention”
CR matrix tablets, caplets, vegecaps, and
capsules of one of the active agents from
the group of Clarithromycin,
Ciprooxacin etc.
Swellable polymers consist of one or more hydrophilic polymers
such as guar gum, HPMC, CMC sodium salt, and xanthan gum.

Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
infections 409
Copyright:
©2018 Gupta et al.
Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
Patent information Name of the delivery system Design of the drug delivery system
EP Patent 1416914.
May 2004.
“Expandable Gastric
Retention
Device”
The Gastroretentive dosage form of a
capsule containing the dried gel (lm)
with
drug such as amoxicillin & enzymes.
Combination of Xanthan gum and locust bean gum used for the
preparation of lm. sodium lauryl sulfate is used as Expansion
agent. Viscosity adjuster is carbopol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
Plasticizer used in lms is polyethylene glycol.
WO PCT Appln 02102415.
Dec 2002.
“Gastric Floating
System”
CR buoyant dosage form consists of unit
dose of Ooxacin and Ciprooxacin.
Gel forming husk powder obtained from Lepidium sativum
seeds, cross-linking
enhancer xanthan gum, karaya gum, cellulose ethers like methyl
cellulose, HPMC, CMC and their salts, alginates, PVA and EC
or a combination are used. Sodium bicarbonate is used as Gas
generating component.
Table 3 Commercial product available in the market for treatment of H. pylori infection based on Gastric retention delivery systems
Name of the product Drug Design of the delivery system
Cifran OD®Ciprooxacin (1gm) Gas generating oating drug delivery system
Cytotech®Misoprostol (100mcg/200mcg) Bilayer oating capsule technology
Topalkan®Aluminum -magnesium antacid Effervescent oating liquid alginate preparation
Amalgate Float
Coat®Aluminum -magnesium antacid Floating dosage form
Liquid Gaviscone®Aluminium hydroxide Colloidal gel preparation
Table Continued
Conclusion
Gastro retentive drug delivery systems offers various potential
advantages for drug with poor bioavailability due their absorption
is restricted to the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and they can
be delivered efciently thereby maximizing their absorption and
enhancing absolute bioavailability. One of the main applications
of gastric retention drug delivery system on treatment of H. pylori
infection is promising area of research in pharmaceutical industry and
academia. Based on literature, we concluded that gastric retention drug
delivery system has more scope to le patent and lot of opportunity
available to market the product which has more patient compliance.
Acknowledgements
None.
Conict of interest
The author declares that there is no conict of interest.
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Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori
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Citation: Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, et al. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections.
J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;7(4):404‒410. DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258
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