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RNI No.-90387CHHBIL/2006/17830 ISSN - 0973 - 6387
Volume-5, Issue-1
A Registered
&
Refereed International Research Journal
E E
ir,~t
A Special Issue on Library
&
Information Science
Circulation Area •
J &
K, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, U.P. Uttaranchal,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujrat, Chhattisgarh, Orissa,
Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andaman
&
Nicobar Island
Dr. S.R. Rangnathan
Prof. K.C. Panda
Prof. S.C. Biswas
Deptt. of Library and Information Science
University of Burdwan, Rajbati, Burdwan (W.B.)
Prof. H.N. Prasad
Head, Deptt. of Library and Information Science
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (V.P.)
Dr. V.D. Shrivastava
Librarian, Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur(V.P.)
Professor and Head, Deptt. of Library and Information Science
Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur (Orisa)
\ Dr. Brajesh Tiwari
Reader
&
Head, Deptt. of Library and Information Science
Guru Ghasidas University Bilaspur (C.G.)
Prof. A.K. Verma
. Retd. Professor and Head, Deptt. of Library and Information Science
Pt. R.S. Shukla University, Raipur(C.G.)
Dr. R.G. Yadav
Librarian,
DP.
VipraP.G. College,
Bilaspur (C.G.)
Dr. S.N. ~ingh
Reader
&
Head, Deptt. of Library and Information Science
Mizoram University, Alzwl (Mizoram)
Dr. S. Sengupta
Librarian
&
Head, Dept, of Library and Information Science,
Pt. R.S. Shukla University Raipur(C.G.)
Mr. Pankaj Kumar Singh
Lecturer, Deptt. of Library and Information Science,
Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur (C.G.)
A•• 'Ii
dEli
Vol. - 5 Issue-l
A Journal ImlDg owar s xce ence
ISSN _0973-6387
Res earc
h Dig
est
RNINo-90387CHHBIU2O<WI7830
Editorial Consultant
A Quarterly Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Prof.James Aubrey,
USA 'Jan-March-2010
Advice
Prof. R.N .Shukla Dr. P.K. Tiwari
Editor in Chief
Dr.S.K.TIwari
Editors
M.P.TIwari
Smt. Preeti Tiwari
Co-ordinator
Dr.R.G.Yadav
Edltorial Board of This Issue
Prof. H.N. Prasad
Dr. V.D, Srivastava
Prof. K.C. Panda
Prof. S.C. Biswas
Dr. Brajesh Tiwari
Prof. A.K. Venna
Dr.R.G.
Yadav
Dr. S.N. Singh
Dr. S. Sengupta
Mr. Pankaj Kumar Singh
,:Special Correspondents
Mah Gounda - EGYPT
Dr. Mustafa Harriri - Saudi Arabia
Heidub Idris - Libya
Houssain Amjaour - Jordon
Abhishek Dubey - Oman
Javaria Farrequi - Pakistan
Dr. Motiee L. Mohammad -Iran
Nandini Sahu -
New Delhi
Anita Sharma -
Shimla
Anoop Kumar -
Jalandhar
Dr. Manish Kumar Jain -
Jabalpur
Smt. Swati Sharma -
Bhopal
Pranav Joshipura -
Ahmedabad
Ashish Parekh -
Surat
Dr. Bharathi Harishankar -
Chennai
A. Jaya Kumar -
Salem
Ruth K.Maschi -
Jammu
Jay Kumar -
Thiruvananthapuram
.Office Work :
Laya - Aryan
Offke (Editorial/Pub6cation)
E-22, Parijat Extension
Nehru Nagar, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495001
Phone: 07752 - 270127
Mobile No. 09300-312013, 092296-60932
C{)NTENTS'
3 INTRANET MANAGEMENT: DIVINE COMEDY OR STRATEGIC
IMPERATIVE
?
Martin White
11 TRANSFORMING INFORMATION SOCIETIES INTO KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES:
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Prof. Subal Chandra Biswas
17 INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS IN
ELECTRONIC ENVIRONMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN INSTITUTE OF
VEGETABLE RESEARCH, VARANASi
Maya Devi, Prof. H.N.Prasad
21 E - LEARNING IN DIGITAL ERA: A PROCESS OF LEARNING THROUGH THE
INTERNET
. Dr. Brajesh Tiwari
·25 LIBRARY PROFESSIONALS IN THE E-SOCIETY: SKILL REQUIREMENT AND
PRODUCTION OF LIS SCHOOLS
Mr. Nimai Chand Saha, Mr. Nirmalendu, Mr. Ajay Kumar Sharma
30 APPLICATIONS OF RFID TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION
SERVICES
Pankaj Kumar Singh, Meenu Singh
34 USE OF INFORMATION SOURCES BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS OF MIZORAM
UNIVERSITY: A SURVEY
Ajay Kumar, Dr S. N. Singh
42 A CADEMIC LIBRARY CONSORTIA IN INDIA: AN INTRODUCTION
Mr. Jawahar Lal
49 ONLINE RESOURCES AND THEIR IMPACT ON COLLECTIONS OF ACADEMIC
LIBRARIES
Mr. Navin Upadhyay
54 RSS FEED: INFORMATION STRAIGHT TO THE USERS
Ms. Shiva Parihar
57 SALIENT FEATURES OF SEARCH ENGINES: A USERS GUIDE
Dr. Bidyut K. Mal, Dr. R. P. Bajpai
63 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR MODELS:
AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH
68 DIGITAL PRESERVATION AND ITS FUTURE ASPECTS
Sanjay Kumar
Ms. Ruchika Krishna
73 PARAMmR FOR JOB SATISFACTION AMONG LIBRARY PROFESSIONALS
Punam Chauhan
78 EXTENSION AREAS OF LIBRARY IN MODERN ERA
Akhandanand Shukla
82 INFORMATION LITERACY IN DIGITAL AND NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT VIA
E-TUTORIALS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Rakesh Kumar
86 PARADIGM SHIFT IN LIBRARY COLLECTION FROM PRINTED TO ELECTRONIC
BOOKS AND THE STATE OF THE ART REPORT OF VISVA-BHARATI LIBRARY:
AN OVERVIEW
Ajay Kumar Sharma, Nimai Chand Saha, Sujit Kujur
92 CHANGING CONTEXT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: SOME TECHNOLOGICAL
CONSIDERATION
website: www.resean:bdigest.in
RESEARCH DIGEST •
VOL.-5.
JAN.-MARCH-2010 • 1
Anuj Kumar Singh
[3XTENSION AREAS OF LIBRARY
IN MODERN ERA~~~~~
· Services for Students
· Services for Visually Impaired
5.
Types of Extension Services:
Extension services can be
categorized into two groups:
1.Conventional; and
2. Non Conventional.
5.1 Conventional Methods
Adult Education
Adult education is an
important aspect of extension service.
It is needed in developing countries to
remove poverty and illiteracy. The
illiterate adults can be made to have
the benefits of library services by
instituting the reading system.
Arrangement should be made to have
books read to them at stated hours.
Book Display
The display of material is the
most important technique to spreadthe
news of library service. It is designed
to bring together:
· Secondary subjects ignored by
classifiers in favour of primary subjects;
· Subjects normally separated but which
are temporarily linked by reason of
topical interest; and
· Those subjects necessarily separated
by the scheme of classification but
which are normally associated.
The purpose of display isto
reveal the thought content of the
documents on display. There arethree
types of display:
·Topical- In this display,documentsare
displays according to topic wise.
· Subject - In this display,documentsare
displays according to subjectwise.
·Mobile -As term indicates,itismoving
within the campus of organizationor
Abstract:
Article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of extension services oflibrary. It provides detail
account of types of extension services and persons, whom to provide and how to provide these services
effectively.
1. Overview:
Extension means to extend or increase
or enlarge. Extension of any
organization means enlargement of the
organizationinvarious areas but not only
forbuildinginfrastructure. Libraries are
serving organization which provides
various services to its users. Extension
service is one of the services, which
libraryprovides beyond the wall ofthe
library.Normally, we aspect the library
services within four walls. Therefore,
apart from the routine services, any
special service that the library starts
comes under the purview of extension
services. Extension services provide
easy and comfortable service to the
users.
2. Purpose:
The purpose of the library
extension services are:
· To maximize the use of books;
· To excuse that every user have its
book;
· To become community information
centre; and
3. Aim:Through library extension
programs (services) the librarians
attempt to convert the library into a
social centre. The aim of library
extension services are:
· To make users of non users;
· To make illiterates to literate;
· To create and stimulate the desire for
good reading;
· To provide needed information and
reference service;
· To provide effective service for the
children and young people;
· To participate' in adult education/
distance education programs;
· To support civic and cultural activities
of groups and organizations
· To provide library services to schools
not having their own libraries.
4. Extension Services for Whom?
Extension services may be
defined as special library services
which are undertaken with the object
of reaching groups of people who
might otherwise be unaware of the
library, such as lecture groups, reading
circles discussion societies etc. It may
also mean provision oflecturers, film-
shows, arranging talks and book
displays within the library or outside
the library. However, in case or
distance education library system the
extension activities can be organized
for stimulating reading interest and
publicizing the functions and services
of the system as a whole. Modern
techniques of communication such as
radio, videocassettes, audio-cassettes,
and film-shows etc. are also advocated
under the library extension services.
Display and exhibition of books and
other reading materials is now
considered to be an essential part of
librarianship. Extension services of
libraries can be categorized by
following way:
· Service's for Adults
· Services for Children
· Services for Distance Learners
· Services for Dumb and Deaf
· Services for Faculty Persons /
Research Scholars
· Services for General Users
· Services for Old Age
· Services for Physically Handicapped
Akhandanand Shukla, Senior Research Fellow, Dept. of Library
&
Information Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005
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Research Article
within the service area that library
covers.
Book Exhibitions
Organizing a book exhibition in
the library is also an extension service.
Exhibitions are mostly arranged to
publicize less known materials,
encourage reading, promote interest in
a specific field or group of subject
fields, call attention to particular
anniversary, encourages hobbies and
many facilities provided for them in the
library. Each exhibit should have a
specific objective. Skillful use of colour
contrasts, background lighting and
equipment should aid considerably
in
attracting the interests of the readers.
An exhibition involves a lot of money,
energy and time; it should be well
thought and well planned in advance.
Campus Delivery Service
In
extension
service programs,
library can provide campus delivery
serviceto its users including teachers,
scholars,and departmental libraries on
demandbasis.
CopyrightLibrary
Libraries which have copyright
actare called copyright library. It is
similarto depository library. In copyright
library,every publisher of state provides
somebooks through copyright act. It is
alsoanextension library.
Distance
Learning Library Services
Many people could not find
opportunityto receive formal education;
DistanceEducation Library system can
helpthe common masses to educate
Ihem
continuously. Distance Education
LibrarySystem can also help millions
of
peopleto move forward in vocational
IIId
professional skills, in family living,
in
the pleasure and profit of artistic
mplishment in cultural values and
1eamingtbeskills of solving individual
community problems. Distance
ucation Library System can also
rYe
as an agency for eradicating
. racyamong the masses.
ament Delivery Service
It is the service in which
umentsare supplied if request is
made by borrower. Document delivery
service is for specialized users not for
all. Documents may be reserved via
telephone or mail system. Documents
are delivered through courier system,
parcel system and/or electronic
transmission. Now electronic document
delivery may be possible in which
faculty, staff and students may request
copies of journal articles, book chapters
and other materials located in print
collection of the library. Cornell
University Library provides fee based
electronic document delivery service.
Inter-Library Loan
Interlibrary loan is a service
whereby a user of one library can
borrow books, videos, DVDs, sound
recordings, microfilms, or receive
photocopies of articles in magazines that
are owned by another library.
Sometimes for a small fee, or possibly
for no cost, a library that has the item
will loan or copy it, and the item is
transported to the requestor's library to
be checked out or just used within the
library.
Library Services for Nursing Home
and Prison
The library provides extended
loan periods to doctors, nurses and other
personnel's working in hospitals. Library
can / should also provide extended loan
periods to prisoners for changing their
idea and helps in making them a civilian.
Mobile Library Service
Mobile library is a stock of
books kept in a vehicle with limited staff
to providing in some cases, a house to
house service in remote areas such as
villages and hamlets. Mobile library also
provides issue and return services for a
certain period. In India, mobile library
services first started in Andhra Pradesh
in 1914.
Mobile library service for the blind
Mobile library services can be
provided for visually impaired persons
also. Braille books, large-print books,
children books with Braille transcription
and talking books can be passed along
any mobile library to visually
handicapped persons who could be
potential users. Currently, the Center of
Informal Education Promotion within the
Ministry of Education provides a mobile
public library service by boat to the
riverside community in Bangkok and
neighboring provinces. Among its
regular users is a mentally handicapped
child. The Social Welfare of Bangkok
Metropolitan also provides mobile
libraries on wheels.
Reading / Study Centres
Study centres are another form
of extension services to provide library
services
to the
people
who are not able
to come to the library. These centres
are worked in odd hours as well as
normal hours. Reading centres contains
books, periodicals, magazines,
newspapers etc. Open University has
two categories of libraries, namely, the
library at the university headquarters
and library at the study centre. The
library at study centre mainly established
at the college where the study centre is
located and sometimes the college
library also acts as the library of the
study centre. This library contains mainly
study material, text books, audio-visual
aids and other reading material for its
clientele.
Reference and Information Services
All reference and information
service points provide assistance with
library materials. Persons requiring
extensive research assistance should
contact the appropriate area in advance.
Seminars or Extension Talks
Libraries can also provide the
facility on the venue for seminars etc.
Seminars are also a form of extension
service. This is an additional service
providing by the library. Inviting local
associations to hold their public lectures
in the library's lecture hall is an
important form of extension service.
The librarian also frequently arranges
for special talk either by the members
of his own staff or by library experts on
same current topic or on subject oflocal
interest. The lectures and group
discussions may be organized in distance
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education library system directly or in
association with some institutions and
specialist speakers should invited to
speak on various developments in
selected topics. '
Story Hours for Children
Libraryprovides story hours for
children. It is also a kind of extension
service. Due to this library develops
reading habits in children.
Subject Specialists
Most of the reference librarians
have areas of subject specialization. If
users need help with a particular topic,
they can identify and contact the subject
specialist through the subject area under
Research Guides. This service is also
an extension service. Auburn University
Library provides this service to its users.
This service can be delivered via mail "
and manual system both.
5.2 Non Conventional Methods
Ask-Us - The Ask-Us program has
been developed to provide e-mail
reference services to users of electronic
resources.
Book Index Express (BIExpress)
In this service, articles and
book chapters delivered to users
electronically from materials located in
the Library.Auburn University Library
provides such type of service to its
patrons/users through mail system.
Current Awareness Service'
Service intended to meet the
current approach is generally known as
current awareness service. CAS is
process of dissemination of current
information, which means the
information contents of current
published primarydocuments, for which
the researchers have need. SOl is the
part Of CAS. SOl is another way of
extension service similar as CAS.
Digital and Virtual Libraries
Digital library is a library in
which a significant proportion of the
resources is available in machine-
readable format (as opposed to print or
microform), accessible by means of
computers. The digital content may be
locally held or accessed remotely via
computer networks. Some of the largest
and most successful digital libraries are
Project Gutenberg, ibiblio and the
Internet Archive.
Virtual Libraries are libraries
that consist only of resources available
in a digital format, which can be'
accessed locally - stored on a hard disk
- or through computer networks - public
or private. The WWW Virtual Library
is one of the oldest examples of a virtual
library, started by Tim Bemers-Lee and
maintained by volunteers. INFOMINE
(University of California) is another
prominent, growing virtual library.
Institutional Repositories
An institutional repository (IR)
is an online locus for collecting and
preserving in digitalform,the intellectual
output of an institution, particularly a
research institution. For a university,this
would include materials such as research
journal articles before (preprints) and
after (postprints) undergoing peer
review,and digitalversions of theses and
dissertations, but it might also include
other digital assets generated by normal
academic life, such as administrative
documents, course notes, or learning
objects. IRs are partly linked to the
notion of a digital library i.e., collecting,
housing, classifying, cataloguing,
curating, preserving, and providing
access to digital content, analogous with
the library's conventional function of
collecting, housing classifying, curating,
preserving and providing access to
analog content
Dual Library System
It is for those who not joined
the school and working somewhere but
hasthe desire forreading books.Tofulfill
the desire for reading books of these
peoples, libraries can extends their open
hours. In this system, libraries organize
special reading hours in the evening!
night shift beyond duty hours. Some
school libraries of Himachal Pradesh
started this service first time in India.
This is the Dual Use of Libraries.
E - Reserves (ERes)
Also known as electronic
reserves. ERes includes lists of books
and other physical materials on reserve
that are requested by faculty, provides
web access to electronic journal articles
and to other materials in electronic form,
gives links to class web sites, and links
to other web sites
as
requested. Eden-
Webster Library System provides this
service to its signed users.
Digital Interlibrary Loan
Small items that are too fragile
to circulate on interlibrary loan are
usually supplied through a photocopy,
But photocopying often shortensthe life
of the original. The Library of Congress
Collections Access, Loan and
Management Division scan this typeof
material and deliver the images via the
Web. This makes public domain items
widely accessible for current and future
requests and contributes to the
preservation of the original. Items
protected by copyright are not scanned
in this program.
Library as Career Guidance and
Information Centres
. Organization of a Career
Information Centre (CIC) which
provides information on generalcareer
guidance will be fruitful. Informationcan
be delivered at the counter as wellas
through correspondence.
Outreach and Homebound Services
Homebound -service is the
monthly pick-up and deliveryoflibl'3/}'
materials to individuals in theirhomes.
This is an extension service for those
people who lives within fivemilesofcity
limits and he or she must be sixty-five
years old or older and homebound,or
physically challenged and homebound.
A person may live with anotherfami~
member who drives and still beeligible
for Outreach services. From timeto
time, there is a waiting list for
homebound servicedue tostaffandlime
limitations. Service to rest homes,
nursing homes, retirement homes,
II1II
assisted living facilitiesisanother
aspect
Research Article
ofthe Outreach program. Book service
maybe in the form of a monthly deposit
collection, a once-a-month browsing
hour ormore rarely room-to-room visits
with a book cart. Braswell Library
provides this service. This service was
started in 1992 to provide library
services to homebound and facility-
bound adults throughout Rocky Mount
and Nash County.
Postal Membership
There are many libraries, offer
postal membership to the people, who
oneat the large distance from the library
and not able to come to the library.
These libraries are issued and
discharged desired books to the users
forthree or four months and send it to
them by post. It is also a kind of
extension service. British Council
Library and American Book Centre
providedthis type of membership.
Purchase Xpress
Purchase Xpress is a service
forrequesting a book, video, or CD be
purchasedfor the library. The requested
item will be ordered (rush ordered if
necessary)and delivered to faculty and
staff;students will receive notification
viae-mail when the requested item is
available.
Reciprocal Faculty
Borrowing Program
In this service, user travels to
anotheruniversity library and find out
aboutborrowing privileges they might
have at that institution. Mostly this
serviceis available for faculty only but
research scholars can also get this
service. Auburn University Library
providesthis service.
Talking Books
Thosewho have impaired vision
orcannot use a book due to a physical
conditionmay eligible for this service.
Libraryof Congress National Library
Service for the Blind and Physically
Handicapped provides this service
whichinclude free equipment (special
recordor cassette players), books on
recordsor cassettes, a limited list of free
magazines also on records and
cassettes, and bimonthly catalogs
(mailed to home).
Virtual services
Virtual services such as Web
pages, Virtual reference service,
Internet searching, online databases,
OPAC, Online Book Clubs etc. are also
provided by libraries to its users. Ask
ERIC has provided digital reference
services via e-mail to over 250,000
parents, teachers, policymakers, and
educators. Online databases are
collection of information arranged into
individual records to be searched by
computer, which is availablethrough the
Internet or an organization's Intranet. A
book club, also referred to as a reading
group, is a collection of readers who
participate in the regular discussion of
books. Traditionally,a book club consists
of several members who meet in person
each month to talk about a specificwork.
However, the advent of web forums and
email has made itpossible for book clubs
to exist online. Fiction, nonfiction, teen,
romance, good news, science fiction,
mystery and horror books are available
on these book clubs.
Zoom Text for Windows Service
This library service is only for
visually impaired persons. Zoom Text
for Window is software designed to
assist the visually impaired to view the
computer monitor better. It acts as a
magnifying glass over the computer
screen. Auburn University Library
provides this service. In Auburn
University it is available only on the
AUBIEPlus workstations.
6. Conclusion:
Libraries playa special role in
the modern society. The aim of the
modem libraries today is to provide
services not only to its registered
members but also to every member of
the society, so that libraries may become
familiar in the local public. To make the
libraries familiar, extension services
should be arranged so that the people
may get maximum benefit from them.
The extension services in public libraries
are one of the programs, which increase
the number of readers and use of the
libraries. Due to involvement of
Information and Communication
Technology (lCT), its services and
products become reachable to all and
become globalize. Such programs must
be arranged so that the public of that
area in which the public library is
established may be attracted towards
the library. These programs may be
organized through propaganda,
exhibitions, films,mobile libraries,study
circles etc. In fact, the extension
services are the real services oflibraries
for community and libraries works as
community information centre.
References :
I. Cheunwatttana, A. Library services for the
visually handicapped in Thailand
2. Ferguson,
J
B. Mobile Libraries. In Landau
Thomes (Ed.). Encyclopedia of
Librarianship
3. Khanna,
J
K. Library and Society
4. Pansida, C. Library services for the visually
handicapped in Thailand
5. Parmaji, S (Ed.). Distance education
6. Sahi S S. Role of Public Library and its
Extension Activities
7. Searson, L M. Career Resource Centre. In
Library Trends, 1985
8. Singh, Bakhshish. Distance Education:
Experience of Open Universities
9. Wheeler,
J
A and Goldhor, H. Practical
Administration of Public Libraries
10. http://www.lib.aubum.eduJ
II. http://aubiecat.auburn.eduJ
12. http://www.massillonlibrary.orgl
I3.http://www.diglib.orgldlfhomepage.htm
I4.http://www.braswell-lirary.orglextser.htm
I5.http://www.library.ualberta.ca/searchl
index.cfin
16. http://www.chicagoheightslibrary.org/
exten.html
I7.http://www.greenwood.lib.in.us/
video_conf.htm
18. http://en . wikipedia.org/wikil
Inter_Library _Loan
19.http://ereserves.webster.eduJeresidefault.aspx
20.http://www.ala.org/alalacrVacrlstandards/
guidelines distancelearning.htm
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