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All content in this area was uploaded by Brian Barnard on Aug 01, 2019
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Content uploaded by Brian Barnard
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Brian Barnard on Mar 26, 2019
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Expert Journal of Business and Management,
107
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The study examines the creative process of entrepreneurs and innovators. It considers
how several types of thinking - analytical, analogical, imaginary, intuitive - are
involved in creativity and the creative process. It further considers how learning and
composite thinking – the integration of the different types of thinking - are
incorporated in the creative process. The subsequent analysis covers a number of
aspects of creativity and the creative process: 1) attributes, 2) traits, 3) skill, 4)
stimulants, 5) process, 6) method and technique, 7) imagination, 8) intuition and the
sub-conscious, 9) problem statement, 10) referencing past solutions, 11) the solution
space, 12) teams, and 13) factors of success in the market. The prominent role of the
intuition and the sub-conscious in creativity is clear. Both the left-brain and right-
brain typically contribute to creativity. Perspective formation forms a key component
of creativity. There is a semi-formal process to creativity. Both intuition and creativity
itself can be developed. Given the array of factors that influence success in the
market, it may be questioned whether creativity is essentially a prominent factor of
entrepreneurship. Pure or raw creativity by itself is certainly not a sufficient factor of
entrepreneurship but must first be combined with general business sense or acumen
to guarantee innovation success.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, innovation, creativity, creative thinking, analytical
thinking, analogical thinking, imaginary thinking, intuitive thinking, intuition, sub-
conscious, learning, innovativeness, left-brain, right-brain.
JEL Classifications: O30, L26
1. Introduction
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Corresponding Author:
Barnard, B. and Herbst, D., 2019. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Creativity: The Creative Process of Entrepreneurs and Innovators. Expert Journal
of Business and Management, 7(1), pp.107-146.
This paper has previously been included in an open access repository SSRN.
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2. Literature Review
2.1. Creative Thinking Methods
Brainstorming:
Brainwriting:
Synectics:
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Radial-diagram technique:
Nominal group technique:
Metaphors:
Object Stimulation:
Manipulative verbs:
Heuristic ideation:
Suggested integration of problem elements (SIL):
Morphological analysis:
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Breakthrough Thinking:
Guided Fantasy:
Wishful thinking:
Rich pictures:
Force field analysis:
Associations/ images:
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Wildest idea:
Peaceful setting:
Progressive abstraction:
Lotus Blossom technique:
Bug list technique:
Interrogatories – 5Ws and H technique:
Problem reversal:
Assumption Reversal:
Attribute association:
Dimensional analysis:
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Boundary examinations:
Disjointed incrementalism:
Decomposable matrices:
2.2. Analytical Thinking
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2.3. Analogical Thinking
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2.4. Imaginary Thinking
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2.5. Intuitive Thinking
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2.6. Learning
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2.7. Composite Thinking
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3. Methodology
4. Analysis
4.1. Attributes of Creativity
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4.2. Creativity Traits
4.3. Creativity as Skill
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4.4. Stimulants
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4.5. Process
4.5.1. Formal Process
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4.5.2. Evolution of the Solution
4.6. Method and Technique
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4.6.1. Information Collection and Research
4.6.2. Forming Perspective and Sense Making
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4.6.3. Prototyping
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4.7. Immersion
4.8. Imagination
4.9. Intuition and the Sub-Conscious
4.9.1. The Role or Contribution of the Intuition
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4.9.2. Engaging the Intuition
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4.9.3. Attributes of Intuition
4.10. Problem Statement
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4.11. Building on Past Solutions
4.12. The Solution Space and the Number of Solutions
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4.13. Growth and Development
4.14. Teams
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4.15. Succeeding in the Market
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5. Conclusion
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