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690J. res.: fundam. care. online 2018. Jul./Sep. 10(3): 690-695
RESEARCH
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695 | Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al. | Experiences of Premature Mothers...
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
Experiences of Premature Mothers Regarding the Kangaroo
Mother Method
Vivência de Mães de Prematuros no Método Mãe Canguru
Vivencia de Madres de Prematuros en el Método Madre Canguru
Magda Rogéria Pereira Viana1*, Larice Aparecida Nunes de Araújo 2, Magda Coeli Vitorino Sales3, Juliana
Macedo Magalhães 4
How to quote this article:
Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al. Preservation for Building Collection Memory of Nursing
in UNIRIO. Rev Fund Care Online. 2018 Jul./Sep.; 10(3):690-695. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/
2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
ABSTRACT
Objective: e study’s goal has been to show the results of the digitization project and online publishing of
Collection of Nursing Memory (BSEN). Methods: It is a research of existing bibliographical material that was
held in the collection, with the stages of selection, preparation of items, digitization and publication in the
catalog. Results: e creation of the digital library collection Memory Nursing - UNIRIO. Conclusion: e
digitization of special collections is an essential process for the preservation of memory and dissemination of
historical information.
Descriptors: Special collection, Memory collection, Preservation, Digital preservation.
1 Nurse. Master in Family Health at Uninovafapi University Center - Piauí. PhD student in Biomedical Engineering, University of Vale
do Paraíba UNIVAPI - SP, Brazil. Email: : magdarogeria@hotmail.com.
2 Academic Nursing. University Center Uninovafapi. Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123. Uruguay. Teresina, PI, Brazil. Email:
laricearaujo2011@gmail.com.
3 Nurse. Master student for the Graduate Program in Nursing at Uninovafapi University Center. Member of the Family Health research
group. Lecturer of the Nursing Bachelor Course at Uninovafapi University Center. Email: magdacoeli@hotmail.com.
4 Nurse. Master in Family Health at Uninovafapi University Center. PhD student in Biomedical Engineering, University of Vale do
Paraíba UNIVAPI - SP, Brazil. Email: julianamdem@hotmail.com.
691J. res.: fundam. care. online 2018. Jul./Sep. 10(3): 690-695
ISSN 2175-5361.
Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
Experiences of Premature Mothers...
691
RESUMO
Objetivo: Descrever e analisar vivência de mães de prematuros no Método
Mãe Canguru (MMC). Métodos: descritiva, exploratória, abordagem
qualitativa. Entrevistadas 15 mães com lhos prematuros no MMC, forma
voluntária, seguido da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e
Esclarecido (TCLE) respeitando critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Realizada
numa maternidade pública de referência de Teresina. Para coleta de dados foi
aplicado roteiro de entrevista individual semiestruturado, contendo questões
abertas e fechadas. Análise de conteúdo, após transcrição das gravações das
falas das entrevistadas. Resultados: a partir destes depoimentos evidenciou
que as mulheres vão para prática do MMC com pouca orientação ou subsídio,
dicultando desenvolver de forma adequada e efetiva o método. Conclusão:
através das falas das depoentes que o MMC não está sendo muito divulgado,
encontram-se no método com pouco conhecimento a respeito do mesmo,
o que contradiz a política de humanização da assistência ao recém-nascido.
Descritores: Método Mãe canguru, Prematuro, Recém-nascido.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Describir y analizar la experiencia de las madres de bebés
prematuros en Madre Canguro (MMC). Métodos: aproximación descriptiva,
exploratoria, cualitativa. Entrevistado a 15 madres con bebés prematuros en
el MMC, seguido voluntariamente a la rma del Consentimiento Informado
(CI) respetando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Celebrada en Teresina
hacen referencia a los hospitales públicos. Para la recolección de datos
se utilizó la entrevista individual semiestructurada guión con preguntas
abiertas y cerradas. análisis de contenido, después de la transcripción de las
grabaciones de los discursos de los entrevistados. Resultados: A partir de
estas entrevistas mostraron que las mujeres van para la práctica MMC con
poca orientación o subsidio, por lo que es difícil desarrollar correctamente
y con ecacia del método. Conclusión: a través de los testimonios de los
testigos que la consola no está siendo ampliamente publicitados, son el
método con poco conocimiento de la misma, lo que contradice la política
de humanización para el recién nacido.
Descriptores: Cuidado Madre Canguro, Prematura, Recién nacido.
INTRODUCTION
During gestation, the family is faced with a variety of
feelings and expectations related to the newborn (RN),
with the constant desire to have him by his side and in
his arms, being an act of aection, love and Safety, in
order to lessen the stress that the neonate experiences
at birth.
In this period, women experience fantasies of a perfect
birth, breastfeeding, newborn care and hospital discharge
taking the child home. With premature birth there is
a change in all family plans making it a contradictory
reality. erefore, premature birth means passing very
abruptly from a warm and safe environment, the mater-
nal uterus, to another extremely aggressive and new, the
external environment.
All that the expectant parents expect is a calm, calm
and uneventful gestation. However, this is not always the
case, as premature delivery oen occurs, a risk pregnancy,
in which unexpected disorders cause the baby to reach
the world ahead of schedule.
Preterm birth is a challenging experience that alters
family dynamics, especially that of the mother, who
during the experience of premature motherhood faces
conicts, given the frequent need for hospitalization of
the child. In addition to this, for some period she will
have to go with her either in the Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit (NICU) or the Kangaroo Mother Method (MMC)
until her baby reaches the ideal weight, Advanced tech-
nology that oen causes impact and fear to the family
of premature infants.
e World Health Organization determines two clas-
sications that should be used for newborns to identify
physical conditions and, even those related to matu-
ration, the rst is related to the gestational age of the
newborn, which are classied as: -term, those with less
than thirty-seven weeks of gestational age, term, those
between thirty-seven and forty-one weeks and six days of
gestational age, or post-term, those with forty-two weeks
or more of age Gestational; e other classication is in
terms of weight, weighing less than two and a half kilos
is considered low weight, and with less than one and a
half kilos it is considered very low weight.
Due to the conditions of organic instability of the baby
and the need for specialized medical care, the Ministry
of Health’s Humanized Newborn Care Standard (RNBP)
proposes the application of the three-step method of care,
starting in neonatal units Of neonatal intensive care units
(NICUs), and intermediate care units), moving to kanga-
roo units (or kangaroo joint accommodation) and, aer
hospital discharge, follow-up clinics (home kangaroo).
With this, the humanized attention to the newborn
in Brazil gained strength and was normalized from the
Kangaroo Mother Method (MMC), instituted as National
Health Policy in December 1999, where it denes the
Method as being a type of neonatal care Which implies
early skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the
newborn, in an increasing manner and for the time that
both understand to be pleasant and sucient, thus allo-
wing parents to participate in the care of the newborn,
thus enabling Several advantages such as increases the
mother-child bond, stimulate breastfeeding, favoring a
higher frequency and duration, and favors thermal con-
trol among others.
Before the birth of a premature baby, one observes the
physical and emotional conditions faced by the parents.
e existing data indicate the great psychological stress
of the family, especially the mother, who, most of the
time, stays with her child during hospitalization. In this
way, the mother is submitted to hospital routines and is
removed from her family and social life, to the detriment
of prioritizing the care of the hospitalized child.
As a mother accompanying the child, it is essential
to discuss the experiences of the mothers of premature
newborns, thus highlighting the diculties they face due
692J. res.: fundam. care. online 2018. Jul./Sep. 10(3): 690-695
ISSN 2175-5361.
Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
Experiences of Premature Mothers...
692
to the health conditions of their children and waiting
until they meet prerequisites of the high protocol .
Prematurity is the main cause of neonatal morbidity
and mortality, in which it has shown a high index over
time and a large number of cases of hospitalization due
to premature birth. It is known that during the whole
process of hospitalization in the Kangaroo Method, the
mother most oen stays with her child throughout the
hospitalization.
In this context, it is relevant to discuss the experiences
of the mothers, thus highlighting their experiences during
the stay in the Kangaroo Mother Method. erefore,
this research may contribute to a better quality of care
for the mother who accompanies her child throughout
the hospitalization process in relation to the preterm
newborn, prioritizing humanization in care, favoring
maternal emotional stability, and providing condence
And the mother’s competence in caring for the baby.
It may also contribute, therefore, to increase know-
ledge about the functionality, limits and possibilities of
care / care provided in the Kangaroo Mother Method,
based on what will be expressed by the participating
women, which will allow the reection of health profes-
sionals and Of the managers, with a view to maintaining
or changing the operating routines, to achieve Kangaroo
Mother Method objectives and directly and indirectly
involved people’s satisfaction.
Faced with this, she was the object of study: Life of
mothers of premature babies in the Kangaroo Mother
Method. And as a guiding question: What is the expe-
rience of the mothers of premature babies in the Kan-
garoo Mother Method?
To answer this question the following objectives were
chosen: Describe the experience of mothers of premature
infants in the Kangaroo Mother Method and to analyze
the experience of mothers of premature infants in the
Kangaroo Mother Method.
METHODS
It is a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach.
Descriptive research makes it possible to observe, record,
analyze and correlate facts or phenomena without mani-
pulating them, trying to nd out with precision the fre-
quency with which a phenomenon occurs and its relation
with other factors9.
e research was carried out at a public maternity
hospital in Teresina - PI. Fieen mothers who had pre-
term children in the Kangaroo Mother Method were
interviewed on a voluntary basis, followed by the signing
of the Informed Consent Term (TCLE). e interviews
were stopped according to the saturation of the spee
-
ches. Inclusion criteria include mothers of premature
newborns over 18 who were hospitalized for more than
thirty days in the Kangaroo Mother Method, those who
had psychic and physiological conditions for participa-
tion in the interview and those inserted in the Kangaroo
Mother Method, Who agreed to voluntarily participate
in the research through the term of said term. All those
that did not meet the inclusion criteria mentioned above
were excluded.
e interviewees were identied by ower names
in order to guarantee these mothers anonymity, thus
fullling the ethical, moral and legal requirements of
the research through a declaration of consent and from
that the participation of the mothers in the research was
sealed.
To better perform the data collection, all the parti
-
cipants received oral and written information about the
research, then those who freely accepted to participate
in the research were applied a semi-structured individual
interview script, containing open and closed questions,
in order to guarantee Information. Aer the interviewee's
consent through the ICF, all the speeches were recorded
with the aid of a tape recorder that were later used for
transcription of the speeches.
e analysis was performed aer the transcription of
the recordings of the interviewees' speeches, in which they
were recorded in a literal sense and then carefully read
and compared to the script, to guarantee reliability and
knowledge of the content. Aer this stage the content
analysis was carried out, in which a categorial analysis
of the speeches was carried out.
is research was carried out in accordance with the
Resolution of the National Health Council (CNS) 466/12
that approves the directives and norms of research invol-
ving human beings aer approval of the Ethics Committee
of the University Center Uninovafapi with the Nº CAAE
53902816.4.0000.5210 in April 15, 2016. e data were
used exclusively for this study, and any information that
allows the identication of the involved parties, nor even
these ones, is omitted, subject to any risk of exposure or
damage. e research contains the TCLE, being applied
directly with the kangaroo mothers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fieen mothers aged between 18 and 30 years were
interviewed, all of them living in cities in the interior of
Teresina-PI, and all are brown. In relation to schooling,
eight have completed high school and the others have
incomplete elementary education. In relation to the pro-
fession, thirteen armed to be "of the home" and two
work outside. As for marital status, four are married,
two single and nine live in stable union. Regarding the
number of previous pregnancies, ten of the interviewed
mothers report being the rst gestation, while ve have
had previous pregnancies. e predominant type of deli-
very was the cesarean section. Only one had another
693J. res.: fundam. care. online 2018. Jul./Sep. 10(3): 690-695
ISSN 2175-5361.
Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
Experiences of Premature Mothers...
693
underweight child previously. Among the risk factors that gave
birth to preterm birth are the Specic Hypertensive Disease of
Gestation (DHEG) and loss of amniotic uid. Most performed pre-
natal consultation, with numbers ranging from two to nine times.
Following the similarity of the interviewees' statements, they
were organized into Between the Will to Stay in the Institution
and the Saudade de Casa.
e prolonged stay in the hospital environment causes some
conicts for the mothers, the ambiguity of the feelings, the will to
remain in the institution and the homesickness of the other chil-
dren and their families. ese feelings become more pronounced
when the woman is discharged from the maternity ward and must
remain in the hospital due to the hospitalization of the newborn
who has no prediction of being discharged from the Kangaroo
Mother Method, as can be seen in the following statements10.
categories, as described below:
[...] Here it is not good, because we are not in the comfort
of our house [...] (Bromélia).
[...] It is bad for the distance of my family [...] (Rosemary).
[...] Being in a hospital is a bad thing, because it is out of the
family [...] (Jasmin).
[...] It is bad to stay away from the family, but it is better to
accept [...] (Iris Azul).
For the mothers of this study, the suering is considered more
intense because they all live outside the city, in other localities
of the interior of the State, far from their stronghold, and, indi-
rectly, are deprived of receiving daily visits from family members
of daily living.
Some of the mothers participating in the MMC, especially
those with lower purchasing power, living away from hospitals
and in other cities, generate, in addition to emotional and physical
fatigue, the increase in transportation expenses, which is another
diculty faced11.
[...] It's bad because we live far away and we are poor, we live
from the school scholarship, my mother had to come here to help
me and will only come back when I'm together [...] (Orchid).
e fact that the mother lives in another city can cause wor-
sening of the preterm's clinical condition due to her full-time
stay with the NB being impaired, as well as promoting a family
distancing12.
Experiencing and Learning the Kangaroo Mother Method
is category emerged from the reports in the interviewees'
speech about the experience in the kangaroo method. Although
maternity is recognized by the implementation of this method
in accordance with the norms of the Ministerial Order No. 693
of the Ministry of Health, it was veried the need for a more
eective orientation and able to guarantee to these mothers the
greater knowledge about the method and benets Related to him
is what is observed in the following lines:
[...] I did not know anything, they only told me when they le
the medium risk that they told me to come here [...] (Iris Amarelo).
[...] I did not know no, I knew as soon as I got here, I know
I'm here because the baby was born premature [...] (Flor-de-Lis).
[...] I understand little, but they said that I
stay here until the baby gains weight [...] (Yel-
low Tulip).
[...] I had never heard of [...] (Violet).
[...] I did not know anything [...] (Marga-
rida).
[...] I did not know no, I learned now (Rosa).
From these testimonies it was evidenced that
the women go to the practice of the MMC with
little orientation or subsidy, nding therefore
diculties to develop in an appropriate and
eective way the method, thus learning in the
day to day to become mothers-kangaroos. e
MMC is a place of teaching and learning, and
there is a need for constant evaluation of the
adequacy of the transmitted guidelines and the
eective learning13.
It was observed that the mothers' experien-
ces and their perceptions of the MMC showed
positive results, although they were not fully
satised, the mothers understood the importance
of the method for their children demonstrated
in the results of the same.
[...] Although time is long, more is good, I
did not think it was bad that I came from my
city here, not because it was necessary for me
to come [...] (Yellow Tulip).
[...] Staying here is not good, not if it is for
his improvement [...] (Sunower).
Despite the limited information about the
method, some of the interviewed mothers were
able to respond in a simple way, without much
depth, to some of the benets of the method,
as described below:
[...] ey taught me to put the baby inside
us, which helps in breathing [...] (Iris Amarela).
[...] I learned in the kangaroo method that
people get closer to the baby, get closer, help in
recovery [...] (Sunower Flower).
[...] He has to stay on our lap for him to
feel our warmth and help gain weight [...] (Flor-
-de-Lis).
[...] I spend the day taking care of her,
paying attention to her in the kangaroo posi-
tion, because it helps to breathe better, it helps
to gain weight [...] (Pink Dahlia).
[...] ey say that it is to put all day, for
the baby to feel the warmth of the mother [...]
(Acacia).
[...] I read in a book, learned how to bathe,
how to take care [...] (Red Tulip).
ere is evidence that an intimate contact
between the mother and her preterm infant can
positively interfere with the infant's relationship
with the world. e skin, the largest organ in
694J. res.: fundam. care. online 2018. Jul./Sep. 10(3): 690-695
ISSN 2175-5361.
Almeida RO, Silva RCL, Junior OCS, et al.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2018.v10i3.690-695
Experiences of Premature Mothers...
694
the body, receives sensory stimuli of various magnitudes,
and skin-to-skin contact, which in MMC implies body
/ chest skin contact between the premature baby and its
mother, can promote several changes in the body of both
one Of the other14.
Scientic evidence indicates that MMC brings benets
to the health of low birth weight infants, reduces cost
and length of hospital stay, humanizes care, improves
the mother-child bond by giving the mother an essential
role in the care of the newborn , Increases adherence
to exclusive breastfeeding and reduces morbidity and
mortality15.
e method specifying the following benets and
enhances the bond between both parties, reduces mother
/ child separation time, maintains temperature, improves
the quality of neurobehavioral and psychoactive develo-
pment of the newborn, promotes proper sensory stimu-
lation, support and emotional balance , Development in
spontaneous movement and muscle tone, stimulation of
early maternal breastfeeding, weight gain, reduces hos-
pital infection risk, allows hospital discharge, attenuates
stress, pain and cry time, reduces morbidity and mortality,
elevates the family's relationship with the team Health,
as well as providing greater parental condence in the
management of their underweight child5.
CONCLUSION
At the end of the study it was possible to consider that
when analyzing the prole of the interviewed women, it
was observed that the main risk factors that gave birth to
premature birth are gestational problems, such as Specic
Hypertensive Disease of Gestation and loss of amniotic
uid.
According to the results obtained in this research, it
can be veried that the MMC is not being widely dis-
seminated, the participating mothers are in the method
with little knowledge about it, with little subsidy, which
contradicts the Humanization Policy of the Assistance
to the Newborn, thus failing on the part of the health
professionals, mainly of the nursing team, since they are
in direct contact with the mother the newborns, it is
emphasized the importance of new researches in this eld
, Whose theme requires more attention from the scien-
tic community, and it is important that there are more
incentives to increase the dissemination of the method,
thus contributing to better care for both the newborn
and the mother that may reduce the diculties faced
by the mothers.
Nursing stands out in this sense, as it is the profession
that is closest to the family and caregivers, guiding and
clarifying all the information regarding MMC. Health
education is an important educational practice of the
nursing professional, in which, using clear language, esta-
blishing an interaction with the mother, this professional
facilitates learning and promotes autonomy. In this way,
health education, using clear and objective language,
with resources that facilitate the teaching of learning, can
facilitate the maternal understanding, here highlighting
the MMC, its purpose, its benets, making the mother
understand the importance of this, And to his son.
It was also highlighted that, despite the diculties
and fears faced by the mothers participating in the MMC
and even without adequate knowledge about the method,
they were well accepted to participate in the program
and were satised with the results. MMC was positive in
the recovery of preterm infants and increased maternal
competence in caring for their children.
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Disponível em:<http://www.pediatriasaopaulo.usp.br/upload/
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.
Received on: 12/07/2016
Reviews required: None
Approved on: 02/07/2017
Published on: 07/05/2018
*Corresponding Author:
Magda Rogéria Pereira Viana
Rua Crisipo Aguiar, 3864
Buenos Aires, Teresina, Piauí, PI, Brazil
Zip Code: 64 009 200
E-mail address: magdarogeria@hotmail.com
Telephone number: +55 21 2542 6147
