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Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer and Gum Arabic Coated Nanoparticle for Enhanced Recovery of Nigerian Medium Crude Oil under Varying Temperatures

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Oyinkepreye Orodu at Independent Researcher
Oyinkepreye Orodu
  • Independent Researcher
Kale Barbara Orodu at Covenant University
Kale Barbara Orodu
Richard O. Afolabi at Robert Gordon University
Richard O. Afolabi
Dafe Abel Eboh at University of Waterloo
Dafe Abel Eboh
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Abstract

The dataset in this article are related to the rheology of dispersions containing Gum Arabic coated Alumina Nanoparticles (GCNPs) and Gum Arabic (GA) polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of Nigerian medium crude oil under varying temperatures. The data included the viscosity of the dispersion containing GCNPs compared to GA at different shear rates. In addition, data on the rheological properties (plastic viscosity, yield point, and apparent viscosity) of the dispersions under varying temperatures was also presented.
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Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer and Gum Arabic
Coated Nanoparticle for Enhanced Recovery of
Nigerian Medium Crude Oil under Varying
Temperatures
Oyinkepreye D. Orodu, Kale B. Orodu, Richard O.
Afolabi, Eboh A. Dafe
PII: S2352-3409(18)30726-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.075
Reference: DIB2770
To appear in: Data in Brief
Cite this article as: Oyinkepreye D. Orodu, Kale B. Orodu, Richard O. Afolabi
and Eboh A. Dafe, Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer and Gum Arabic Coated
Nanoparticle for Enhanced Recovery of Nigerian Medium Crude Oil under
Varying Temperatures, Data in Brief, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.075
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Data Article
Title: Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer and Gum Arabic Coated Nanoparticle for Enhanced
Recovery of Nigerian Medium Crude Oil under Varying Temperatures
Authors: Oyinkepreye D. Orodu, Kale B. Orodu, Richard O. Afolabi*, Eboh A. Dafe
Affiliations: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun
State, Nigeria.
*Contact email: richard.afolabi@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
Abstract: The dataset in this article are related to the rheology of dispersions containing Gum
Arabic coated Alumina Nanoparticles (GCNPs) and Gum Arabic (GA) polymer for Enhanced Oil
Recovery (EOR) of Nigerian medium crude oil under varying temperatures. The data included the
viscosity of the dispersion containing GCNPs compared to GA at different shear rates. In addition,
data on the rheological properties (plastic viscosity, yield point, and apparent viscosity) of the
dispersions under varying temperatures was also presented.
Keywords: Oil Recovery; Temperature Effect; Gum Arabic; Nanoparticles; Nigerian Medium
Crude Oil
Specifications Table
Subject area
Petroleum Engineering
More specific subject area
Enhanced Oil Recovery/Tertiary Oil Recovery
Type of Data
Tables and Figures
How Data was Acquired
Rheological Study using the OFITE® Model 800 Viscometer
Data Format
Raw Data
Experimental Factors
Varying Temperatures
Experimental Features
1. GCNP preparation using Al2O3 nanoparticles and Gum
Arabic
2. A rheological study using OFITE® Model 800 Viscometer
at different temperatures for GA polymer and GCNPs
Data Source Location
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University,
Nigeria
Data Accessibility
Data is with the article
Value of Data
The data shows the relevance of polymer coated nanoparticles for the recovery of crude oil
from conventional reservoirs under high-temperature conditions. The underlying mechanism
in the thermal behavior of the GCNPs is required in explaining the trend in viscosity transition
from 100 – 1500C as captured in Figures 1(a-c).
The data presented also shows that the quantity of nanoparticles in the GCNPs have a direct
impact on the viscous property for the recovery of oil beyond the capacity of GA polymer
flooding under high-temperature conditions (Table 2 and Figure 2). This further indicates that
a detailed characterization of the structural state and impact on nanoparticle content on the
rheological performance of GCNPs is required.
The results obtained calls for a detailed study of the mechanisms at play with respect to the
polymeric and surfactant property of Gum Arabic. Likewise, the performance of Gum Arabic
should be evaluated and compared to that of known and standard polymers used in the
industry.
1. Data
Nanoparticles are reported in [1] [2] and [3] to improve oil recovery but its instability paved the
way for stable polymer-coated nanoparticles [4] [5]. The dataset presented in this paper provides
an experimental investigation on temperature effect on the rheology of Gum Arabic (GA) polymer
and Gum Arabic Coated Nanoparticle (GCNPs) for Enhanced Recovery of Nigerian Medium
Crude Oil. Gum Arabic is a naturally occurring polymer that is abundant in Nigeria and Sudan.
Table 1 shows the dataset on the rheological properties of Gum Arabic Polymer, GCNPs (1.33
wt% GA - 5 wt.% NP, GCNPs) and GCNPs (1.33 wt% GA - 3 wt.% NP, GCNPs) at varying
temperatures and shear rates. Table 2 shows the viscosity data values for GA and GCNPs at given
temperatures of 25, 50, 100 and 150 deg C. Whereas Figure 1 displays graphically, Viscosity
profile for (a) GA polymer solution (b) GCNPs (1.33wt.% GA-5wt.% Nanoparticles) (c) GCNPs
(1.33wt.% GA-5wt.% Nanoparticles. Figure 2 displays the viscosity profile of GA polymer and
GCNPs at 25, 50, 100 and 150 deg C
2. Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
2.1 Preparation of Gum Arabic Coated Nanoparticles (GCNPs)
The nanoparticle in use was Al2O3 (30-60 nm, purity greater than 99 %; manufactured by Sigma
Aldrich and purchased from Equilab Solutions in Nigeria.). 50 g of Al2O3 was dispersed in 1 liter
of deionized water to make nano-fluid suspensions, making a 5wt.% mixture. It was further
diluted to 3wt.% in order to completely carry out further experiments. The Gum Arabic (a
polymer; purchased locally in Nigeria) was mixed with the prepared nanofluids at a concentration
of 1.33 wt. %. Finally, the concentration of GCNPs prepared are 1.33 wt.% Gum Arabic – 3.0
wt.% Al2O3 Nanoparticles –GCNPs and 1.33 wt.% Gum Arabic – 5.0 wt.% Al2O3 Nanoparticles –
GCNPs.
2.2 Rheological Analysis of Gum Arabic (GA) and Gum Arabic Coated Nanoparticles (GCNPs)
The OFITE Model 800 (8-Speed) Viscometer was used to obtain dial readings, , at various RPM
(Revolution per Minute) values (3, 6, 30, 60, 100, 200, 300, and 600). Based on the API
specification 13A, the equations (1) to (3) was used in estimating the rheological properties of the
prepared drilling mud.
󰇛󰇜   (1)
󰇛󰇜
   (2)
󰇛󰇜  (3)
 and  are the dial readings at 600 and 300 RPM respectively. The viscosity values were
calculated using the relationship in equation (4) as specified in the OFITE operational manual (1cp
is equivalent to ).

 (4)
is the viscosity in cp, K is the machine constant of the Rotor – Bob combination (R1B1) = 300,
F is the spring factor = 1 for the R1B1 combination.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the management of Covenant University for providing the needed
facilities to carry out this research.
References
[1] Bennetzen, M. V. & Mogensen, K. Novel Applications of Nanoparticles for Future
Enhanced Oil Recovery. International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur,
2014, 1-14.
[2] Roustaei, A. & Barzagadeh, H. Experimental Investigation of SiO2 Nanoparticles on
Enhanced Oil Recovery of Carbonate Reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and
Production Technology, 2014, 5: 27-33.
[3] Roustaei, A., Moghadasi, J., Bagherzadeh, H., & Shahrabadi, A. An Experimental
Investigation of Polysilicon Nanoparticles' Recovery Efficiencies through Changes in
Interfacial Tension and Wettability Alteration, SPE International Oilfield Nanotechnology
Conference and Exhibition, Noordwijk, Netherlands 2012, 1-7.
[4] ShamsiJazeyi, H., Miller, C. A., Wong, M. S., Tour, J. M., & Verduzco, R. Polymer-
Coated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Journal of Applied Polymer Science
2014, 131: 1-13.
[5] Afolabi, R. O., Orodu, O. D., & Efevobkhan, V. E. Properties and Application of Nigerian
Bentonite Clay Deposits for Drilling Mud Formulation: Recent Advances and Future
Prospects. Applied Clay Science, 2017, 143: 39 – 49
Table 1: Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer, GCNPs (1.33 wt% GA - 5 wt.% NP, GCNPs) and
GCNPs (1.33 wt% GA - 3 wt.% NP, GCNPs)
Rheology of Gum Arabic Polymer
Shear rate (1/sec)
Temperature deg C
50
100
150
Viscosity (cp)
1021.38
23.5
35.5
20
510.69
31
60
26
340.46
36
75
33
170.23
51
105
48
102.138
70
145
65
51.069
100
220
100
10.2138
250
600
400
Plastic Viscosity (cp)
16
11
14
Yield Point (lb/100ft2)
15
49
12
Apparent Viscosity (cp)
23.5
35.5
20
Rheology of (1.33 wt% GA - 5 wt.% NP, GCNPs)
Shear rate (1/sec)
Temperature deg C
25
50
100
150
Viscosity (cp)
1021.38
42.5
32.5
40.5
31
510.69
64
56
68
51
340.46
67.5
58.5
85.5
51
170.23
102
84
120
81
102.138
135
120
165
95
51.069
200
170
250
150
10.2138
600
450
650
550
Plastic Viscosity (cp)
21
9
13
11
Yield Point (lb/100ft2)
43
47
55
40
Apparent Viscosity (cp)
42.5
32.5
40.5
31
Rheology of (1.33 wt% GA - 3wt.% NP, GCNPs)
Shear rate (1/sec)
Temperature deg C
25
50
100
150
Viscosity (cp)
1021.38
39.5
27.5
36
26.5
510.69
60
47
65
44
340.46
58.5
46.5
78
37.5
170.23
93
75
105
63
102.138
110
85
150
75
51.069
180
140
210
110
10.2138
500
350
550
450
Plastic Viscosity (cp)
19
8
7
9
Yield Point (lb/100ft2)
41
39
58
35
Apparent Viscosity (cp)
39.5
27.5
36
26.5
Figure 1: Viscosity profile for (a) GA polymer solution (b) GCNPs (1.33wt.% GA-5wt.%
Nanoparticles) (c) GCNPs (1.33wt.% GA-5wt.% Nanoparticles
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
25 deg C
50 deg C
100 deg C
150 deg C
a
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
25 deg C
50 deg C
100 deg C
150 deg C
b
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
25 deg C
50 deg C
100 deg C
150 deg C
c
Table 2: Viscosity values for GA and GCNPs at given temperatures of 25, 50, 100 and 150 deg C
Rheology @ 25 deg C
Shear rate (1/sec)
GA
GCNP: 1.33-3wt%
GCNP: 1.33wt%- 5wt%
1021.38
36
42.5
39.5
510.69
47
64
60
340.46
55.5
67.5
58.5
170.23
78
102
93
102.138
105
135
110
51.069
160
200
180
10.2138
450
600
500
Rheology @ 50 deg C
Shear rate (1/sec)
GA
GCNP: 1.33-3wt%
GCNP: 1.33wt%- 5wt%
1021.38
23.5
32.5
27.5
510.69
31
56
47
340.46
36
58.5
46.5
170.23
51
84
75
102.138
70
120
85
51.069
100
170
140
10.2138
250
450
350
Rheology @ 100 deg C
Shear rate (1/sec)
GA
GCNP: 1.33-3wt%
GCNP: 1.33wt%- 5wt%
1021.38
35.5
40.5
36
510.69
60
68
65
340.46
75
85.5
78
170.23
105
120
105
102.138
145
165
150
51.069
220
250
210
10.2138
600
650
550
Rheology @ 150 deg C
Shear rate (1/sec)
GA
GCNP: 1.33-3wt%
GCNP: 1.33wt%- 5wt%
1021.38
20
31
26.5
510.69
26
51
44
340.46
33
51
37.5
170.23
48
81
63
102.138
65
95
75
51.069
100
150
110
10.2138
400
550
450
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
Gum Arabic
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA -3wt.% NP
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 5wt.% NP
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
Gum Arabic
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 3wt.% NP
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 5wt.% NP
b
a
Figure 2: Viscosity profile (a) 25 deg C (b) 50 deg C (c) 100 deg C and (d) 150 deg C
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
Gum Arabic
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 3 wt.% NP
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 5wt.% NP
c
10
100
1000
10 100 1000
Viscosity, cp
Shear rate, sec-1
Gum Arabic
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 3wt.% NP
GCNP: 1.33wt.% GA - 5wt.% NP
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Full-text available
  • Jun 2012
New technologies are emerging oil industry to afford the need for increasing oil recovery from oilfields, one of which is Nanotechnology. This paper experimentally investigates a special type of Nanoparticles named Polysilicon ones which are very promising materials to be used in near future for enhanced oil recovery. There are three types of Polysilicon Nanoparticles which can be used according the reservoir wettability conditions. In this paper, hydrophobic and lipophilic polysilicon (HLP) and naturally wet polysilicon (NWP) are investigated as EOR agents in water-wet sandstone rocks. These two Nanoparticles recover additional oil through major mechanisms of interfacial tension reduction and wettability alteration. The impact of these two Nanoparticle types on water-oil interfacial tension and the contact angle developed between oil and the rock surface in presence of water phase were investigated. Then, several coreflood experiments were conducted to study their impacts directly on recoveries. Furthermore, optimum pore-volume injection of each Nano-fluid was determined according the pressure drop across the core samples. The results show a change toward less water-wet condition and a drastic decrease in oil-water interfacial tension from 26.3 mN/m to 1.75 mN/m and 2.55 mN/m after application of HLP and NWP Nano-fluids respectively. As a result, oil recoveries increase by 32.2% and 28.57% when a 4 gr/lit concentration of HLP and NWP Nano fluids are injected into the core samples respectively. According the differential pressure data, two and three pore-volume injections of NWP and HLP Nano-fluids are the best injection volumes respectively. Finally, HLP and NWP Nanoparticles improve oil recovery without inducing any formation damage according the oil recovery and pressure drop data.
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Properties and Application of Nigerian Bentonite Clay Deposits for Drilling Mud Formulation: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Article
  • Jul 2017
  • APPL CLAY SCI
The vast deposits of Nigerian bentonite clay have many significant uses in different aspects of industrial fields of which the oil and gas industry is a potential consumer of this clay mineral. In this review article, the key mineralogical characteristics and rheological properties of these clay deposits in various locations and their related application for drilling mud formulation were comprehensively reviewed. Various research efforts on these bentonite clay deposits over the past couple of years were summarized with some critical comments and analysis. Attention was given to the clay reserve estimates, mineralogy of the clay deposits, chemical modification of the clays, rheological properties of drilling mud formulated from these clays and its suitability for drilling operations. Moreover, future prospects and key problems to be solved regarding the use of Nigerian bentonite deposits for drilling mud formulation were discussed. This review shed new light on both fundamental and practical studies that are concentrated on the use of Nigerian bentonite for drilling mud formulation.
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Novel Applications of Nanoparticles for Future Enhanced Oil Recovery
Conference Paper
  • Dec 2014
During the last decades nanotechnology has proven to be applicable to a variety of different technological and research areas such as material design, biomedicine and electronics. The cross disciplinary research during the past decade has also revealed that nanotechnology possesses great promise for enhanced oil recovery applications. Nanoparticles are small particles characterized by a diameter of 1–1000 nm and a very large area-to-volume ratio where the surface can be modified by conjugation or grafting to various kinds of molecules. Moreover, the material of the nanoparticle core can be selected to obtain specific physical properties. One example here of is to design nanoparticles of a super-paramagnetic material to enable flow manipulation via an external magnetic field. The fact that ultra-small nanoparticles can flow through narrow pores and pore-throats and that core/surface properties can be modified for a specific purpose via standard chemistry, makes them ideal candidates for various EOR applications. Consequently, research related hereto has been steadily intensified. In the present paper we present a thorough review of the current research and development within the field of nanotechnology-based EOR, where nanoparticles are used to target various aspects of EOR processes. For instance nanoparticle-based EOR approaches have been developed to promote wettability alteration, viscosity reduction of oil, stabilization of foam or emulsions and interfacial tension reduction – in some cases involving application of an external electric or magnetic field. Nanoparticles have likewise been developed for flow assurance and well performance improvement by e.g. inhibiting hydrate and wax deposition. Finally, nanoparticles have shown potential in upstream applications and reservoir characterization (e.g. nano sensors). Based on an extensive, critical and in-depth review of technical papers we will discuss opportunities and challenges, e.g. related to environmental issues, associated with nanoparticle-based EOR applications for the oil and gas industry. Moreover, we will provide a practical framework for designing tailor-made nanoparticles for targeted applications for the oil and gas industry by means of surface chemistry and superparamagnetic properties of nanoparticles. Introduction Innovation in oil exploration and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will be required to meet future demand of hydrocarbon fuels, and hence the O&G industry will inevitably have to focus on development of new technologies to increase the oil recovery of currently producing reservoirs as well as unconventional oil and gas resources – via research and technological innovation. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles provides a promising approach to such innovation. Nanotechnology and applications of nanoparticles have revolutionized different sciences and industries and it possesses significant potential in the oil and gas industry as well in the fields of EOR, exploration, drilling fluid design, molecular separation, refining, water treatment etc. which we will describe below. The significant advantage of nanoparticles is that they can be tailor-made in a flexible manner using combinatorial chemical approaches and provides therefore an approach to transcend the current EOR technology. In this paper we will describe different applications of NPs and notably also present concepts developed at Maersk Oil Research and Technology Centre based on which numerous patent applications have been filed.
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Polymer-Coated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Article
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes aim to recover trapped oil left in reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods. New materials and additives are needed to make EOR economical in challenging reservoirs or harsh environments. Nanoparticles have been widely studied for EOR, but nanoparticles with polymer chains grafted to the surface—known as polymer-coated nanoparticles (PNPs)—are an emerging class of materials that may be superior to nanoparticles for EOR due to improved solubility and stability, greater stabilization of foams and emulsions, and more facile transport through porous media. Here, we review prior research, current challenges, and future research opportunities in the application of PNPs for EOR. We focus on studies of PNPs for improving mobility control, altering surface wettability, and for investigating their transport through porous media. For each case, we highlight both fundamental studies of PNP behavior and more applied studies of their use in EOR processes. We also touch on a related class of materials comprised of surfactant and nanoparticle blends. Finally, we briefly outline the major challenges in the field, which must be addressed to successfully implement PNPs in EOR applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40576.
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