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Factors of subjective assessment of the effectiveness of physiotherapy: A study on patients with degenerative disease of the spine

March 2018
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 20(2)

DOI:10.5114/fmpcr.2018.76455

Authors:

University of Łódź

Background. Successful physiotherapy depends on many factors, including the conditions associated with the disease, the process of physiotherapy, and psychological variables, as these are known to have a strong influence on the motivation of the patient to continue treatment. Objectives. To evaluate the role of depression symptoms, acceptance of illness, and level of pain for the assessment of the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Material and methods. The study involved 83 patients (31 men and 52 women) who had received physical therapy as outpatients. The mean age of the study population was 45.63 years (SD = 12.94). The patients completed a set of self-reporting questionnaires: questionnaire with demographic information, Acceptance of Illness Scale, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Visual-Analogue Scale. Results. The majority of respondents (42.2%) reported no improvement associated with treatment, even though the level of pain experienced after treatment was significantly lower than before. Regression analysis showed that the effectiveness of treatment was explained in 63% of cases by the severity of depression symptoms, the level of acceptance of illness, severity of pain after physiotherapy, and the level of pain before treatment. Conclusions. Depression symptoms can greatly delay the process of physiotherapy and determine the evaluation of its effectiveness. Acceptance of illness and pain result in a more positive assessment of the treatments. Collaboration between a physiotherapist and a psychologist in recognizing the symptoms of depression and providing support in dealing with them, and fostering the development of a positive attitude towards the disease, can positively influence the efficiency of physiotherapy.

. The coefficients of the regression analysis regarding predictors for assessing the effectiveness of physiotherapy

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ORIGINAL PAPERS

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2): 131–138



doi: 10.5114/fmpcr.2017.65084





disease of the spine

KAROLINA KOSSAKOWSKA, MARCIN SZCZEPANIK2, A, B, F, MAREK WOSZCZAK2, 3, A, B, F

1 

University of Lodz, Poland

2

3

ABCDEF

Search, G







-



Material and methods.   

    





-

-













Key words: 



ISSN 1734-3402, eISSN 2449-8580







Fam Med Prim Care Rev 

https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2018.76455



      

         

-





-

 

-

-



-



 

  

-

-



      -







-

-



   



    

     

 -

 

 some

psyche

  

          

  

      -

       

-

-

    

      







 

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 -





 

      -

-

    -



      



        

    



       



      



 

-

 -

      



        -

-

    

      



       

       

         

         

  -





-

-

-



       -

      





          -

       



    

-



 



Material and methods

-

       



-

       

    -







-

-



   

      -

        



 



  

     

    

      



       

       

-











      

-

       

-

-

         







-

N= 200

Patients invited to participate in

the study

N= 54

Patients who did not return

the set of questionnaires

N= 124

Patients who returned the set

of questionnaires and gave consent to

participate in the second stage of the study

N= 22

Patients who returned the set

of questionnaires but refused

to participate in the second stage

of the study

N= 18

Patients who resigned from

the second stage of the study

N= 23

Patients who did not fully complete

a set of questionnaires

N= 83

Patients who fully completed a set

of questionnaires at the I and II stage

of the study



Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

133

   

-







  

        -

     



had already received a series of treatments in a similar form in



        







Total sample

n = 83

Women

n = 52

Men

n = 31

Age M = 45.63; SD = 12.94

min 25; max 74

M = 46.35; SD = 13.27

min 25; max 74

M = 44.42; SD = 12.48

min 26; max 62

n%n%n%

 primary 1  1  

   12   

     11 

   13   

Marital



married      

divorced     12 

     2

      

Place of

residence

large city      

      

village 2  2  

 employed     23 

pensioner   12   

      

 2 2  

 12     



Total sample

n = 83

Women

n = 52

Men

n = 31

 n%n%n%

Physical



      

      

rarely     12 

 2 2  

Mental



      

   32  21 

rarely 22  12   

 2 2  





yes   22   

no     23 

Type of treatment

-

ment cyclea

massage     23 

      

physiotherapy      

      



treatment cycles

one      

   21   

three      

 13     



      -

      





 -

 -









       





Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

134

         

        

     

        -



     -



p 







of improvement

         

n       







-

        

p 



-

ney U-test

Variable Women

(n = 52)

Men

(n = 31)

Z p

The level of pain be-

fore physiotherapy

treatment









 

The level of pain



treatment









 

        

      

       

   -

Z  

-





 

      

       

-

0 = one

day or less to 4 = almost every day for the two weeks

    



-



 -

 

          

       

   





 -

 



         

      



-





        

-

     

  

 

-

       





-

        

Total sample

n = 83

Women

n = 52

Men

n = 31

 n%n%n%

Treatment cycle one      

      

three      

      

   2  

-

iotherapy in the



yes      

no 32     

 none      

hypertension 12     

diabetes   3 3

hyperthyroidism or hypothy-

roidism

  3 2

allergy 3  2 1

bronchial asthma 2  2  

      

migraine 2  1 1

a 

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

135

  



p

The level of pain, the acceptance of the disease

-

ness of physiotherapy

-





level of acceptance of the disease, and the severity of depres-

-



 -

  



      

      

-



        







of physiotherapy



  -



      

 -









      

     -

       -

     

-



       

        -



  

pZ p <

Z   pd coef-

d





-

   







      



   χ2  n  

  p          

   

-



-







physiotherapy

Women

(n = 52)

Men

(n = 31)

Total

(n = 83)

n%n%n%





23    31 

Improvement less



     

I do not feel

improvement

21     

Symptoms of depression and acceptance

of the disease

   

  

-

    -

χ2np



        

       Z   

p 

       

-



      -



test)

Greater improvement

than I expected

(1)

Improvement less than

I expected

(2)

I do not feel improvement

(3)

χ2p

M SD M SD M SD

The level of pain

before physiotherapy

treatment

       

The level of pain

 physiotherapy

treatment

       a, b, c

Acceptance of the

illness

       d, e, f

Symptoms of depres-

sion

       g, h, i

a pb pc 

3, pd pe p f p

g ph pi p

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

136

      

ana-

      







   -



       

 -

     

        



      

     



-

     



         



variable sex





The p      

          



       

-

         



         

-



 

       

-







    

levels of acceptance of the disease and an average severity of

depression symptoms1-



        







-











  

-



-





   







        -

 

-





1       



    

 

           









Variable in regression



R R2ß T p

[95% CI]

STEP 1

symptoms of depression

 0.398

  p



STEP 2

symptoms of depression

acceptance of illness

 0.470









p



p



STEP 3

symptoms of depression

acceptance of illness

pain before treatment

 0.509













p



p 



p 





symptoms of depression

acceptance of illness

pain before treatment



 0.628

















p



p



p



p



Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

137



-

        

  -





-

 -





-





  -

 

         



   -

   





References

 

Adv Psychiatry Neurol



 -

Fam Med Prim Care Rev 

 Fam Med

Prim Care Rev 

       

Br J Sports Med 

     

Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, i Lechebnoí Fizicheskoí Kultury 



 Kompedium psychiatrii psychoterapii medycyny psychosomatycznej. -



 Dis

Rehab

 Physiotherapy

Pracce      



 Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia



      

Prz Med Uniw Rzesz

  Adv Rehabil



  Jakość życia a psychiatria konsultacyjna i psychoterapiaJakość życia w chorobie nowotworowej. Wybrane

zagadnienia.

 PLoS ONE



 -

Pol J Geriatr Psychiatry

 Rozpowszechnienie zachowań samobójczychKondycja psychiczna mieszkańców

Polski: raport z badań Epidemiologia zaburzeń psychiatrycznych i dostęp do psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej – EZOP Polska-



    Skala akceptacji choroby AIS. Narzędzia pomiaru

w promocji i psychoonkologii zdrowia.



 Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia. 

     Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R).

The use of psychological tesng for treatment planning and outcomes assessment



 . Psychiatr Pol



 



Arthris Care Res



 Pol Prz Neurol

 -

Psychiatry Res

 J Pain 



 Br J Anaesth



  Now Lek



Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2018; 20(2)

138

 Psychiatr Pol



 

  Fizjoter Pol      -





 -

 Probl Hig Epidemiol 

  Open

Access Rheumatol

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

















12



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



The prevalence of depression in degenerative spine disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021
EUR SPINE J

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of depression in degenerative spine disease (DSD) patients. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were systematically searched, the relevant studies that reported the depression prevalence of in DSD patients were identified. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the current study. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression in DSD patients before operative treatment was 30.8% [95% CI 24.0–38.5%]. Nine articles reported the prevalence rate in DSD patients after operative treatment, and the pooled prevalence estimate was 27.0% [95% CI 19.9–35.4%]. There were significant differences for prevalence estimates before operative treatment in types of disorders (Q = 4.56, P = 0.10), spine surgery history (Q = 5.55, P = 0.02), representativeness of sample (Q = 11.00, P = 0.00), and validity of assessment method (Q = 3.32, P = 0.07). The prevalence estimates in patients with lumbar spine stenosis, lumbar disc herniation and cervical spondylotic myelopathy were 24.0%, 40.9% and 37.3%, respectively. Studies that included patients with a history of spine surgery yielded a more extreme prevalence estimate than studies excluding those (36.9% vs 24.3%). For results of patients after operative treatment, significant differences for prevalence estimates were showed in different degrees of pain (Q = 4.72, P = 0.03), screening instruments (Q = 4.83, P = 0.09), and representativeness of sample (Q = 15.70, P = 0.00). Conclusion The systematic review indicated increased prevalence of depression in DSD patients. In consideration of the relationship between depression and poor surgical outcome, we should pay more attention to identifying strategies for preventing and treating depression in DSD patients.

Selected Determinants of the Quality of Life of Patients with Degenerative Changes of the Spine

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2023

Introduction. Degenerative spinal disease is considered one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in Poland and worldwide. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, and spinal overload contribute to this state of affairs. The chronic nature of the disease, along with pain and functional limitations of the musculoskeletal system, impact the quality of life. Aim. To determine the level of life quality and factors influencing the quality of life in patients with degenerative spinal changes. Material and Methods. The study involved 107 individuals aged between 55 and 65 years. Standardized research tools were utilized, including the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire. Results. The level of illness acceptance in the study population was 26.52 points (SD=6.61). All respondents experienced pain symptoms, with an average pain intensity of 7.02 (SD=1.13). The average self-assessed quality of life among the participants was 3.5 points (SD=0.76), while the average self-assessed health rating was 2.54 points (SD=0.7). Spinal disability affected all patients in the lumbar region, whereas no disability was reported in the cervical region by 27.10% of the respondents. Conclusions. Patients with degenerative spinal changes have a relatively good quality of life and a moderate level of illness acceptance. Age, marital status, occupational activity, body mass, pain intensity, and degree of disability all influence the quality of life. (JNNN 2023;12(1):44–52)

Physical Therapy and Mental Health: A Scoping Review

Article

Aug 2022

Objectives Co-existence of mental and physical health conditions is prevalent. To achieve optimal physical therapy outcomes, neither should be treated in isolation. This review aims to map intersections between physical therapy and mental health. Methods Scoping review searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane and PEDro databases. Two independent researchers screened studies of physical therapy practice with adolescents/adults with mental health disorders or research using primary mental health outcomes in physical health conditions or clinicians’ perspective. Data were extracted on study type, participants, topics, publication year and country. Results The search yielded 3633 studies with 135 included. Five studies included adolescents. More than half were published since 2015. Studies specific to participants with mental health diagnoses included schizophrenia (n = 12), depressive disorders (n = 8), eating disorders (n = 6), anxiety disorders (n = 4), bipolar disorders (n = 1), somatic disorders (n = 5), and trauma and stressor-related disorders (n = 8) or varied mental health diagnoses (n = 14). Forty-one studies had primary mental health outcomes or clinical practice approaches with a mental health emphasis with participants with physical health conditions (musculoskeletal [n = 13], neurological [n = 7], other [n = 21]). Systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials predominantly involved exercise therapy and/or physical activity. Descriptions of physical therapists as participants (n = 35) included 4 main topics: (1) mental health screening; (2) knowledge, attitudes, and experiences; (3) key practice components; and (4) research priorities. Conclusions Physical therapy intersects with people experiencing mental health disorders across a broad spectrum of diagnoses, covering a range of interventions with a small but growing evidence base. Impact Exercise and physical activity studies dominated the highest levels of evidence and future focus although economic evaluations and consumer-driven or patient experience studies are needed. There is a contrast between the confidence and knowledge of specialized physical therapists working within mental health settings and those in general practice settings. Inspiring, integrated education is required to further improve healthcare outcomes following physical therapy for people with mental health disorders or symptoms.

Pain Acceptance and Pain-Related Disability Predict Healthcare Utilization and Medication Intake in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Spinal Pain

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2020
Int J Environ Res Publ Health

Longitudinal research is needed to determine predictive factors of healthcare utilization and medication intake in people with non-specific spinal pain. This study aims to prospectively examine the predictive value of sex, age, work status, pain intensity, pain acceptance, disability, depression, pain anxiety, and catastrophizing in relation to healthcare utilization and medication intake in people with non-specific spinal pain. Participants were 79 patients with non-specific spinal pain of 6 to 9 months’ duration. They were followed-up at 6 months and 12 months. At enrolment they were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing the predictive variables. Healthcare utilization and medication intake were assessed at follow-ups 1 and 2. At follow-up 1, higher pain acceptance was associated with less healthcare utilization and less medication intake, while male sex was associated with less medication intake. At follow-up 2, higher pain-related disability was associated with higher healthcare use, and pain intensity was associated with higher medication intake. These results suggest that during the early stages of non-specific spinal pain chronification, pain acceptance and the avoidance of pain-related disability—understood as giving up normal activities—can lead to reductions in healthcare utilization and medication intake.

Effectiveness assessment of a therapeutic programme for women with overweight and obesity: a biopsychosocial perspective

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2019

Background. the commonly observed prevalence of increasing overweight and obesity, particularly among older women with coexisting symptoms of depression and high stress level, is a motivation to undertake comprehensive therapeutic actions. Objectives. the goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic programme for women with overweight and obesity from the biopsychosocial perspective. Material and methods. an observational study was conducted at the Foundation for Senior citizen activation Siwy DyM, poland. 42 women from 60 to 88 years of age were qualified for the project, the mean value of Body Mass index amounted to 30.65 kg/m 2 , 48% of the women were diagnosed as overweight, and 40% were diagnosed as obese. the Satisfaction with life Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the perception of Stress Questionnaire were used to assess the emotional state of the programme participants. Results. the therapeutic programme proved to be effective in all studied areas: reduction of body mass, reduction of depression symptoms and reduction of stress level. a statistical significance was recorded in mood improvement along with a decrease in stress level in the whole group. the subjects who at the moment of joining the therapeutic programme showed the most severe symptoms of depression demonstrated the highest mood improvement. at the end of the research project, there was no case of severe symptoms of depression. the greatest benefits were experienced by older women and those with low life satisfaction at the beginning of the treatment. Conclusions. the therapeutic programme addressed to older women with overweight and obesity proved to be efficient in the biopsy-chosocial aspect. this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution-noncommercial-Sharealike 4.0 international (cc By-nc-Sa 4.0). license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Szczepańska-Gieracha J, Mazurek J, Serweta a, Boroń-krupińska k, kowalska J, Skrzek a. effectiveness assessment of a therapeutic programme for women with overweight and obesity: a biopsychosocial perspective. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2019; 21(4): 381-386, doi: https://doi.

The association between depression and type of treatments received for chronic low back pain

Article

Nov 2019
FAM PRACT

Background: Depression is associated with receipt of opioids in non-cancer pain. Objectives: To determine whether the receipt of opioid therapy modifies the relationship of depression and use of multiple non-opioid pain treatments. Methods: Patients (n = 320) with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were recruited from family medicine clinics and completed questionnaires that measured use of home remedies, physical treatments requiring a provider and non-opioid medication treatments. A binary variable defined use (yes/no) of all three non-opioid treatment categories. Depression (yes/no) was measured with the PHQ-2. The use of opioids (yes/no) was determined by medical record abstraction. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models, stratified on opioid use, estimated the association between depression and use of all three non-opioid treatments. Results: Participants were mostly female (71.3%), non-white (57.5%) and 69.4% were aged 18 to 59 years. In adjusted analyses stratified by opioid use, depression was not significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 0.80-6.07) among non-opioid users; but among opioid users, depression was significantly associated with using three non-opioid treatments (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.14-8.99). These odds ratios were not significantly different between opioid users and non-users (P = 0.609). Conclusion: There is modest evidence to conclude that patients with CLBP and comorbid depression, compared with those without depression, were more likely to try both opioid and non-opioid pain treatments. Non-response to other pain treatments may partly explain why depression is associated with greater prescription opioid use.

Depression and Time to Knee Arthroplasty Among Adults Who Have Knee Osteoarthritis

Article

May 2024
J ARTHROPLASTY

Physiotherapy in rehabilitation of patients with degenerative disk diseases from positions of evidence-based medicine: a literature review

Article

Jan 2024

Major Depression as a Complex Dynamic System

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2016
PLOS ONE

In this paper, we characterize major depression (MD) as a complex dynamic system in which symptoms (e.g., insomnia and fatigue) are directly connected to one another in a network structure. We hypothesize that individuals can be characterized by their own network with unique architecture and resulting dynamics. With respect to architecture, we show that individuals vulnerable to developing MD are those with strong connections between symptoms: e.g., only one night of poor sleep suffices to make a particular person feel tired. Such vulnerable networks, when pushed by forces external to the system such as stress, are more likely to end up in a depressed state; whereas networks with weaker connections tend to remain in or return to a non-depressed state. We show this with a simulation in which we model the probability of a symptom becoming ‘active’ as a logistic function of the activity of its neighboring symptoms. Additionally, we show that this model potentially explains some well-known empirical phenomena such as spontaneous recovery as well as accommodates existing theories about the various subtypes of MD. To our knowledge, we offer the first intra-individual, symptom-based, process model with the potential to explain the pathogenesis and maintenance of major depression.

Anxiety and depression in patients with osteoarthritis: impact and management challenges

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2016

Background Anxiety and depression are common psychological comorbidities that impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients. In this systematic review, we 1) determined the impact of anxiety and depression on outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 2) summarized unique challenges these comorbidities present to current OA management. Patients and methods A systematic literature search was performed using the OVID Medline and EMBASE databases until April 2016. Full-text research articles published in English from the year 2000 onward with a sample size of >100 were included in this review. Eligible research articles were reviewed and the following data were extracted: study author(s), year of publication, study design, and key findings. Results A total of 38 studies were included in the present review. The present study found that both anxiety and/or depression were highly prevalent among patients with OA. Patients with OA diagnosed with these comorbidities experienced more pain, had frequent hospital visits, took more medication, and reported less optimal outcomes. Management strategies in the form of self-care, telephone support, audio/video education programs, and new pharmacotherapies were reported with favorable results. Conclusion Anxiety and depression adversely impact the QoL of patients with OA. Physicians/caregivers are highly recommended to consider these comorbidities in patients with OA. Ultimately, a holistic individualized management approach is necessary to improve patient outcomes.

Psychological factors are associated with the outcome of physiotherapy for people with shoulder pain: A multicentre longitudinal cohort study

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2016

Background/aim Shoulder pain is a major musculoskeletal problem. We aimed to identify which baseline patient and clinical characteristics are associated with a better outcome, 6 weeks and 6 months after starting a course of physiotherapy for shoulder pain. Methods 1030 patients aged ≥18 years referred to physiotherapy for the management of musculoskeletal shoulder pain were recruited and provided baseline data. 840 (82%) provided outcome data at 6 weeks and 811 (79%) at 6 months. 71 putative prognostic factors were collected at baseline. Outcomes were the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse prognostic factors associated with outcome. Results Parameter estimates (β) are presented for the untransformed SPADI at 6 months, a negative value indicating less pain and disability. 4 factors were associated with better outcomes for both measures and time points: lower baseline disability (β=−0.32, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.40), patient expectation of ‘complete recovery’ compared to ‘slight improvement’ as ‘a result of physiotherapy’ (β=−12.43, 95% CI −8.20 to −16.67), higher pain self-efficacy (β=−0.36, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.22) and lower pain severity at rest (β=−1.89, 95% CI −1.26 to −2.51). Conclusions Psychological factors were consistently associated with patient-rated outcome, whereas clinical examination findings associated with a specific structural diagnosis were not. When assessing people with musculoskeletal shoulder pain and considering referral to physiotherapy services, psychosocial and medical information should be considered. Study registration Protocol published at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/14/192.

Assessment of depressive symtoms in population. Psychometric evaluation of polish version of CESD-R. (Ocena depresyjności w populacji. Psychometryczna ocena polskiej wersji skali CESD-R.)

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2016

Karolina Koziara

Aim. Psychometric evaluation of reliability and usefulness of the Polish version of the CESD-R – a revised version of the CES-D – screening test for depression. Methods. In an online survey the CESD-R and the Beck Depression Inventory were ap- plied to 260 participants (men and women). Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s method and split-half (odd-even) method. Same as in the original English publication, factor analysis was performed and three factors were distinguished. Additionally, the CESD-R results were compared with the Beck Depression Inventory results. Results. Analysis of the CESD-R resulted in high values of reliability, for Cronbach’s alpha coe cient the result was 0.95, for split-half (odd-even) method based on Spearman-Brown formula α = 0.95. Factor analysis distinguished 3 principal factors such as cognitive-a ective factors, physical factors, and self-destructive factors. Conclusions. Polish version of the CESD-R appears to have reliability values (over 0.7) high enough to be applicable to assess depression in population-based samples. Usefulness of the CESD-R in an individual diagnosis needs further research. However, general analysis of the scale enables to expect the usefulness in at least introductory diagnosis in clinical practice.

Narzedzia pomiaru w psychologii zdrowia

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1999

Zygfryd Juczyński

Jest to zbiór zawierający dane o psychometrycznych właściwościach i instrukcje do następujących 17 narzędzi. Prezentowane w zbiorze narzędzia dotyczą czterech kategorii konstruktów wyznaczających zachowania związanie ze zdrowiem: A - predyspozycji indywidualnych: zachowań typu A/B, ekspresji gniewu, kontroli emocji, dyspozycyjnego optymizmu; B – przekonań i oczekiwań: umiejscowienia kontroli zdrowia, poczucia własnej skuteczności; C – zachowań zdrowotnych i wartościowania zdrowia; D – zmagania się z chorobą: oczekiwań pacjenta, przekonań na temat kontroli bólu, strategii radzenia sobie z bólem, akceptacji choroby, przystosowania się do choroby nowotworowej. Opis: Wszystkie narzędzia należą do typu "papier-ołówek" i oparte są na samoopisie. Są to krótkie i łatwe w stosowaniu skale i kwestionariusze. Badani udzielają odpowiedzi na arkuszach testowych.. Rzetelność: W większości przypadków oceniano zgodność wewnętrzną wykorzystując współczynnik alfa Cronbacha. W sporadycznych wypadkach zdodność oceniano metodą połówkową (pozycje parzyste-nieparzyste). W uzasadnionych przypadkach określano także stałość wyników metodą test-retest. Powtórne badanie było z reguły przeprowadzane po upływie sześciu tygodni. Trafność: Trafność diagnostyczną ustalano korelując wyniki danego narzędzia z kryterium zewnętrznym (najczęściej innym testem), mierzącym podobne właściwości, zastosowanym w tym samym czasie co narzędzie ze zbioru NPPPZ. Z kolei korelacja wyników danego narzędzia z kryterium zewnętrznym zastosowanym po upływie pewnego czasu (np. z oceną lekarską), stanowiła miarę trafności prognostycznej. Normy: Normy stenowe dla prób ogólnych; średnie arytmetyczne dla różnych grup klinicznych. Zastosowanie: Kwestionariusze i skale można stosować do celów naukowych (badawczych) oraz diagnostycznych (praktycznych). Niektóre z narzędzi mogą służyć do badań przesiewowych. Mogą być stosowane nie tylko przez psychologów; szczególnie przydatne mogą być dla lekarzy, socjologów, pedagogów oraz innych specjalistów zajmujących się promocją zdrowia, edukacją zdrowotną, profilaktyką i terapią. Narzędzia wchodzące w skład zbioru NPPPZ: AIS - Skala Akceptacji Choroby BPCQ - Kwestionariusz Przekonań na Temat Kontroli Bólu CECS - Skala Kontroli Emocji CSQ - Kwestionariusz Strategii Radzenia Sobie z Bólem GSES - Skala Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności IZZ - Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych KompOs - Skala Kompetencji Osobistej LKZ - Lista Kryteriów Zdrowia LOT-R - Test Orientacji Życiowej LWO - Lista Wartości Osobistych MHLC - Wielowymiarowa Skala Umiejscowienia Kontroli Zdrowia Mini-MAC - Skala Przystosowania Psychicznego do Choroby Nowotworowej PRF - Lista Oczekiwań Pacjenta SEG - Skala Ekspresji Gniewu SWLS - Skala Satysfakcji z Życia TAB - Skala Typu A/B - wersja DM TYP-A - Skala Typu A-Framingham

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Review and revision (CESD and CESD-R)

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2004

Narzȩdzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2001

Zygfryd Juczyński

Juczyński Z. (2009, second edition). Measurement tools in health promotion and psychology. Warsaw: Laboratory of Psychological Tests of the Polish Psychological Association. It is a collection containing data on psychometric properties and instructions for the following 17 tools. The tools presented in the collection relate to four categories of constructs defining health related behaviors: A - individual predispositions: A / B type behavior, anger expression, emotional control, dispositional optimism; B - beliefs and expectations: the location of health control, self-efficacy; C - health behaviors and health evaluation; D - struggle with the disease: expectations of the patient, beliefs about pain control, strategies for coping with pain, acceptance of the disease, adaptation to cancer. Description: All tools belong to the "paper-pencil" type and are based on self-description. They are short and easy to use scales and questionnaires. The respondents provide answers on test sheets. Reliability: In most cases, internal compliance was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In sporadic cases, compliance was assessed by the half-method (even-odd positions). In justified cases, the stability of the results was also determined by the test-retest method. The re-examination was usually carried out after six weeks. Validity: The diagnostic accuracy was determined by correlating the results of a given tool with the external criterion (usually another test), measuring similar properties, applied at the same time as the tool from the NPPPZ file. In turn, the correlation of the results of a given tool with an external criterion applied after a certain time (eg with a medical evaluation) was a measure of prognostic accuracy. Norms: Sten norms for general tests; arithmetic means for various clinical groups. Application: Questionnaires and scales can be used for scientific (research) and diagnostic (practical) purposes. Some of the tools can be used for screening. They can be used not only by psychologists; especially useful for doctors, sociologists, pedagogues and other specialists dealing with health promotion, health education, prevention and therapy. Tools included in the NPPPZ collection: AIS -Acceptance of Illness Scale BPCQ - Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire CECS – Courtauld Emotional Control Scale CSQ – Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire GSES - Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale IZZ - Inventory of Health Behaviors KompOs - Personal Competence Scale LKZ - List of Health Criteria LOT-R - Life Orientation Test LWO - List of Personal Values MHLC - Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Mini-MAC – Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale PRF - Patient Request Form SEG – Anger Expression Scale SWLS - Satisfaction with Life Scale TAB - Type A / B Scale - DM version TYPE-A - Type A-Framingham Scale

Dyskopatia kregoslupa odcinka lȩdzwiowo-krzyzowego w korelacji z nateženiem bólu depress i akceptacja choroby

Article

Jan 2010

Sex differences in pain: A brief review of clinical and experimental findings

Article

Jun 2013

Recent years have witnessed substantially increased research regarding sex differences in pain. The expansive body of literature in this area clearly suggests that men and women differ in their responses to pain, with increased pain sensitivity and risk for clinical pain commonly being observed among women. Also, differences in responsivity to pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain interventions have been observed; however, these effects are not always consistent and appear dependent on treatment type and characteristics of both the pain and the provider. Although the specific aetiological basis underlying these sex differences is unknown, it seems inevitable that multiple biological and psychosocial processes are contributing factors. For instance, emerging evidence suggests that genotype and endogenous opioid functioning play a causal role in these disparities, and considerable literature implicates sex hormones as factors influencing pain sensitivity. However, the specific modulatory effect of sex hormones on pain among men and women requires further exploration. Psychosocial processes such as pain coping and early-life exposure to stress may also explain sex differences in pain, in addition to stereotypical gender roles that may contribute to differences in pain expression. Therefore, this review will provide a brief overview of the extant literature examining sex-related differences in clinical and experimental pain, and highlights several biopsychosocial mechanisms implicated in these male-female differences. The future directions of this field of research are discussed with an emphasis aimed towards further elucidation of mechanisms which may inform future efforts to develop sex-specific treatments.

Measures of adult pain: visual analog scale for pain (VAS Pain), numeric rating scale for pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 bodily pain scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)

Article