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Specifications for the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources 2009 (UNFC 2009) to Geothermal Energy Resources
Abstract
This document provides the specifications for the application
of the United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and
Mineral Reserves and Resources 2009 (UNFC-2009) incorporating
Specifications for its application to geothermal resources. The
intended use of this document is in conjunction with UNFC-2009 and
the Specifications for the Application of UNFC-2009 to Renewable
Energy Resources (Renewables Specifications). The Renewables
Specifications represent ‘rules of application’ of UNFC-2009 to
Renewable Energy Resources, while this document represents ‘rules
of application’ of UNFC-2009 to Geothermal Energy Resources, via
the Renewables Specifications. Growing awareness and interest in
renewable energy resources, including geothermal energy resources,
has highlighted a need to normalize the way in which renewable
energy potential is reported. With no globally agreed geothermal
standards, guidelines or codes existing prior to the development of this
document, it is hoped that the inclusion of geothermal energy within
UNFC-2009 will facilitate the improvement of global communication
in the geothermal sector as part of the larger energy sector
... In term of RAR, high confidence in estimates of grade and tonnage are generally compatible with standards for making the decision to proceed with of the project. Inferred Resources (IR) are not defined with a high a degree of confidence and generally require further direct measurement prior to making a decision to develop the project [8]. ...
... Both prognosticated and speculative resources require significant amounts of exploration before their existence can be confirmed and grades and tonnages can be more accurately determined. All PR and SR are reported as in situ resources [8], [4]. Intended for the ease of understanding of the resource category, comparison to other resources reporting is described in Table 2. ...
Uranium deposit in Indonesia was found in almost all Indonesian Archipelago, mainly in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Papua, Bangka Belitung and Riau islands. Uranium exploration activities started in the 1960s to recent, conducted in many exploration stages. The exploration in prospects area are completed with drilling activities to delineate the mineralization zone and continued to resources estimation. In Kalan Area, the research had been completed with underground/tunneling mining. The uranium resources are classified into discovered or undiscovered based on exploration stages, and conventional or unconventional based on sources of primary/secondary/by-product mineral production. The resources are calculated from Kalan Area and its surroundings (Kalimantan) with addition of Mamuju Area (West Sulawesi) and Sibolga Area (North Sumatera). Uranium identified resource in Indonesia is 13,503 tU while the undiscovered is 62,330 tU. Meanwhile, categorized by uranium source, the conventional and unconventional resources are 48,388 tU and 27,445 tU respectively. The uranium resources categories should be increased and completed with feasibility study to increase the resources to reserve classification. The exploration, deposit, and resources are the key to ensure the readiness of developing nuclear power plants in Indonesia, where one of them is Experimental Power Reactor (EPR) or Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) with domestic uranium fuel.
... Taking into account these definitions, it is important not to confuse the classification of geothermal systems with associated geothermal resources as the geothermal resources can be located in almost every geosystem but is not located everywhere in a geosystem. In addition, the definition of 'resources' has been considerably refined when referring to a 'geothermal energy source' in the terminology adopted by the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC; Falcone et al. 2016), and can be classified according to the geothermal reservoir temperature (Muffler and Cataldi 1978;Hochstein 1990;Sanyal 2005), the dominant physical state of the fluids (White 1973;Nicholson 1993), and the enthalpy (Dickson and Fanelli 2003) and exergy of the geothermal fluids (Lee 2001). Moreover, the distribution of the geothermal energy source is controlled by geological and tectonic contexts (Armstead 1973;Muffler 1975). ...
Abstract Classification schemes for geothermal energy sources have recently been improved to include the concept of geothermal play. Our comprehensive review for the island of Madagascar aims to enhance the understanding of the factors controlling the country’s geothermal energy sources. The result is the first catalogue of geothermal systems in Madagascar. The geothermal systems of six prospective areas were categorized into three classes using the geological and tectonic context combined with the temperature of the potential geothermal reservoir. The three classes are (1) graben border-fault liquid-dominated moderate-temperature (Ambilobe and Miandrivazo areas), (2) fossil magmatic liquid-dominated moderate-temperature (Ambanja, Itasy and Antsirabe areas), and (3) sedimentary liquid-dominated low-temperature (Morondava Basin). The hydrothermal resources of Madagascar are commonly associated with extensional domains referred to as geothermal plays. A conceptual model was developed for each prospective area to better understand the factors controlling the heat source, formation permeability and fluid migration. Our results can be used to guide exploration strategies and have implications for assessing and quantifying Madagascar’s geothermal potential.
domestic base of mineral resources and possibilities of their exploitation
22 Decision tree to aid the classification of geothermal projects according to UNFC-2009
- Ii . . Annex
Annex II........................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Decision tree to aid the classification of geothermal projects according to UNFC-2009................................... 22