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Schwankende Riesen? Riesige Schwankungen? Die unklare Stellung der Wohlfahrtsverbände im deutschen Modell: Wohlfahrtsverbände zwischen normativen Ansprüchen und sozialwirtschaftlicher Realität
In international comparison, the German welfare state is characterised not only by its close link to the employment system, but also by its fragmented structure and a high degree of legalisation and bureaucratisation. On the one hand, this differentiation has promoted organizational stability, but on the other hand, it has created numerous interface problems. The focus has gradually shifted from exclusively monetary transfers to social services, which have expanded considerably in recent decades. The number of recipients of social benefits in Germany took a qualitative leap as early as the mid-1990s, because since then there have been more recipients of social benefits than producers. However, institutional barriers remain and make integrated provision difficult at the local level. Reforms towards a better balance between the state, the market and an “active” civil society are difficult because a variety of blockades have to be overcome. In international comparison, the German welfare state is characterized not only by its close link to the employment system, but also by its fragmented structure and a high degree of legalization and bureaucratization. On the one hand, this differentiation promoted organizational stability, but on the other hand, it created numerous interface problems. The focus gradually shifted from exclusively monetary transfers to social services, which have expanded considerably in recent decades. The number of recipients of social benefits in Germany took a qualitative leap as early as the mid-1990s, because since then there have been more recipients of social benefits than producers. However, institutional barriers remain and make integrated care difficult at the local level. Reforms towards a better balance between the state, the market and “active” civil society are difficult because many obstacles have to be overcome.
In den letzten Jahren ist in Deutschland eine Zunahme betrieblicher Sozialleistungen erkennbar. Neben der betrieblichen Alterssicherung werden u.a. soziale Dienstleistungen angeboten, die eine Erwerbstätigkeit bei Care Verpflichtungen ermöglichen. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, ob und inwiefern sich durch das Engagement der Unternehmen das wohlfahrtsstaatliche Regime verändert und welche Auswirkungen auf vulnerable Gruppen erkennbar sind. Hierfür werden die Akteurkonstellationen dargestellt und anhand einer Fallstudie vertiefend untersucht. Als Ergebnis bleibt festzuhalten, dass betriebliche Sozialpolitik dazu führen kann, dass sich soziale Ungleich-heiten zwischen Arbeitsmarkt-Insidern und -Outsidern verschärfen, insbe-sondere wenn staatliche Leistungen auf die betriebliche Ebene verlagert werden. Davon sind nicht nur die Arbeitsmarkt-Outsider selbst, sondern auch deren Kinder betroffen. Die Ausweitung betrieblicher Sozialpolitik trägt insofern zur Erosion des wohlfahrtskorporatistischen Systems bei.
In recent years there has been an increase of occupational welfare in Germany. In addition to pension systems companies now also offer social services such as child care. The goal of this article is to contribute to the discussion about the relationship between occupational welfare and the state welfare system and its consequences for vulnerable groups. Methodologically the actor constellations are described and analysed in a case study. Results show that the social inequalities between insiders and outsiders increase in the labour market, especially if previously state regulated services are replaced by services organized by companies. There are also implications for the children of the outsiders. It can be concluded that the expansion of occupational welfare contributes to a decay of the German corporatist welfare system.
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