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Sustainability in the collaborative economy: A bibliometric analysis reveals emerging interest
Abstract
The growing field of the collaborative economy is expanding geometrically and little retrospective work on this evolution has been made so far. A number of literature reviews have been focusing on specific business models of the collaborative economy deemed sustainable such as car-sharing, sharing, peer-to-peer business models, crowdsourcing, access-based consumption, community, or specific platforms (e.g. Uber, Airbnb), and some others with broader areas of focus. This paper presents a thorough bibliometric and network analysis combining both Scopus and Web of Science databases that provides fresh new insights into the evolution of the collaborative economy research field and its increasing coverage of sustainability-related topics. A first step identifies 729 published studies and uses bibliometrics to provide a description of the research field. A second stage involves networks analysis to identify influential authors, impactful publications, as well as established and emergent research clusters. A more thorough content analysis identifies key research topics, the attention granted to sustainability, interrelations, and collaboration patterns in the field. Data mapping techniques graphically depict the evolution of publications over time and identify areas of current research interests and potential directions for future research, namely in sustainability.
... This activity, which digital platforms (DP) are a part of related to habits and traditions of consumption involving new values, practices through social-technological developments (Belk 2014a;Eckhardt et al. 2019). Also, this phenomenon provides a new path to sustainability through access to reused resources through shared and CC (Bardhi and Eckhardt 2012;Heinrichs 2013;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx 2018;Alzamora-Ruiz et al. 2020) In this context, the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure provides sustainable economic development and high quality of life in big cities (Cerutti et al., 2019;Lee, Lee, and Yoo 2020;Ertz 2021a, 2021b). Thus, the growth of SE services has dramatically changed consumers' behaviors, exemplified by ridesharing platforms Uber and Lyft and bikesharing platforms (Levrini and Nique 2019;Cheah et al. 2020). ...
... Also, our study focused on technology platforms' role (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2018). As collaborative and sustainable consumption advances (Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx 2018;Lee, Lee, and Yoo 2020;Ertz 2021a, 2021b), new views may emerge and support different studies that focus more on the theoretical aspects and empirical in this context. Thus, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was used in this study since it assumes that humans and nonhumans are symmetric (Latour 1997). ...
... These consumers can be exposed to identities, lifestyles, and more practical or economical and socially altruistic reasons (Hartl, Hofmann, and Kirchler 2016). Such motivations also allow sharing goods and knowledge and intangible content from groups, community, and collectivity, focusing on sustainability (Alzamora-Ruiz et al. 2020;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx 2018;Lee, Lee, and Yoo 2020). ...
Pollution, resource depletion, and to a lesser extent, global warming called into question mass consumption. Public policies, media broadcasters, tech giants, and supranational entities (e.g., United Nations) nudged societies into alternative consumption forms that have been deemed more sustainable, such as collaborative consumption (CC). This paper aims at proposing a theoretical-empirical model that explains the materiality of sustainable collaborative practices through bike-sharing. The study further analyzes how connections, mediations, and inductions occur between individuals, platforms, and providers in bike-sharing systems of Porto Alegre in Southern Brazil and Vancouver's bike-sharing in Canada. We tracked these actants using the Actor-Network Theory through 30 interviews with consumers and managers. The findings suggest a dynamic ecosystem of mechanisms that mediate interactions and enact "sustainable collaborative consumption (SCC)" through digital solutions and physical equipment. The results illustrate that SCC is positively influenced by three avenues: (1) sustainable individual actions, (2) digital platforms, and (3) sustainable physical equipment.
... First, the SE phenomenon is still fuzzy, with a variety of terms that are loosely lumped under the umbrella term of the 'sharing economy'. Indeed, the term 'sharing economy' is used interchangeably with collaborative economy, collaborative consumption, gig economy, and platform economy (see for example Ahsan, 2020;Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Murillo et al., 2017;Netter et al., 2019;Sutherland & Jarrahi, 2018). Given the varied conceptual understanding of the SE, it becomes increasingly pertinent to have an overarching view of the SE literature to not only highlight the main areas of existing research on the SE but also delineate the various concepts that comprise the SE phenomenon. ...
... Another sub-theme of this cluster examines the impact of the SE on environmental sustainability. Several studies suggest that users are increasingly concerned with ecological sustainability, and they are more likely to be supportive of collaborative consumption (Böcker & Meelen, 2017;Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Michelini et al., 2018). For example, Geissinger et al. (2019) demonstrate that new and 'smaller' platforms are more likely to present themselves as sustainable in comparison to the dominating platforms such as Airbnb and Uber. ...
... Additionally, there is a limitation of bias in the choice of search terms that we used as the keywords representing the SE. Arguably, the choice of the keywords was based on the literature, with our study using more keywords in describing the SE in comparison to other review studies (e.g., Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx (2018) searched for "sharing economy", "collaborative economy" or "collaborative consumption", and other studies still use these terms interchangeably, e.g. Gerwe and Silva, 2020). ...
Using a dataset of 2,229 scholarly outputs from the Web of Science on the sharing economy (SE), our scientometric review provides a taxonomy of the current research on the SE in terms of their contributions, theories, and methods utilized in existing studies. The review also highlights a typology of the inter-related concepts of the SE. We demonstrate four clusters of existing research: freelance work and its implications, transportation and solutions for the sustainable development of the SE, user experience and collaborative consumption, and the SE in the context of hospitality and tourism. We suggest future research directions in terms of the need to investigate the SE implications on a wider set of stakeholders including businesses and governments, to examine the SE value creation in terms of business models and entrepreneurship, to investigate the SE in other industries and sectors, and to conduct large-scale empirical studies in this research domain.
... Therefore, the combination and diffusion of informational systems, devices, and DP have formed a context with new consumption habits, involving new values, practices, and relations and that promote socio-technological development (Hamari et al., 2016;Bradley and Pargman, 2017;Ertz and Boily, 2019). These new habits represent managerial challenges that enlarge the discussion by centering the focus of analysis on the actions of consumers (users) and service providers (Razeghian and Weber, 2019) and the role of DP in mediating consumption and service relations (Laurell and Sandström, 2017;Ertz et al., 2018;Cotrim et al., 2020), thereby reshaping these relations (Sigala, 2019;Basili and Rossi, 2020). ...
... In the context of the SE, a broad definition of DP seems appropriate. This definition includes a community-based economy (Acquier et al., 2017;Ertz and Boily, 2019) and multisided platforms that give users temporary access to tangible and intangible resources to use some services (Sundararajan, 2017;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). Literature gives us examples of studies investigating (a) DP agency while mediating communication, reputation, trust, engagement, sharing practices, and service quality (De Rivera et al., 2017;Basili and Rossi, 2020); (b) key factors such as access to the SE through technology (Bardhi and Eckhardt, 2012; Belk, 2014b); (c) how DP carry out and coordinate engagement (Breidbach and Brodie, 2017); (d) the realization, moderation, and mediation of consumption sharing by DP (Basili and Rossi, 2020); and (e) the diffusion and promotion of innovative businesses (Ertz and Boily, 2019). ...
... DP embrace visible and invisible resources that include websites, blogs, virtual messaging networks, mobile applications, and social networks with texts, content, images, and videos that allow the quick sharing of information, products, and services (Eckhardt et al., 2019). In this chapter, the authors adopt a broad definition of DP based on a community-based economy and multisided platforms that offer users temporary access to tangible and intangible resources (Sundararajan, 2017;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Da Silveira et al., 2021). ...
The sharing economy (SE) includes economic, social, and technological arrangements to promote collaborative relations between users and providers willing to share assets through digital platforms (DP). Even evolving fast, there is an opportunity to discuss how DP establishes connections between users and providers and uses a digital agency to mediate and flatten consumption relations in SE. Therefore, the authors propose a framework and future research directions that explore characteristics of the actants (roles, agency, behavioral attitudes) in the process of flattening consumption relations through DP in SE (connections, mediation, induction). To structure this framework, the authors consolidated the various definitions of its main elements and adopted the actor-network theory concept of translation as the theoretical-methodological approach to analyze the associations that determined how flattening consumption relations occur in SE.
... Sharing is envisaged to enable more efficient utilization of resources, improved redistribution of power, and the development of new business models (Cherry and Pidgeon, 2018;Grinevich et al., 2019;Heylighen, 2017). However, while scholars agree that in principle, the practice of sharing properties and resources supports the central objectives of sustainability (Botsman and Rogers, 2011;Hamari et al., 2016;Parguel et al., 2017), the interpretation of the term itself and the resultant implications of sharing on the environment, society, and economy have led to a wide range of dissenting views ( (Etter et al., 2019);Dreyeret al., 2017;(Ertz andLeblanc-Proulx, 2018, Parguel et al., 2017)). ...
... Furthermore, as part of the dissenting scholarly view of the sharing economy, recent studies have started to systematically examine the diverse factors and boundary conditions influencing the sustainability dimension in the sharing economy (Curtis and Lehner, 2019;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Geissinger et al., 2019). We contribute to this specific stream of research by providing ample empirically-grounded insights into how sustainable entrepreneurs address sustainability concerns through distinct sets of micro-level practices. ...
While extant research on entrepreneurial ecosystems has focused on macro-level factors influencing the ecosystem's development, the role and impact of entrepreneurial practices have been neglected. The objective of this study is to address this research gap and to shed light on the micro-level practices of entrepreneurs who support sustainability transitions in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Our inductive study looks at these micro-level practices from the perspective of sustainable ventures situated in the sharing economy. We conducted 31 in-depth interviews with the founders and senior managers of sustainable ventures to investigate how they advocate the sustainability cause in their ecosystem. Our findings show that sustainable entrepreneurs rely on three distinct sets of micro-level practices: building a supportive environment, disrupting normative standards, and reframing the sustainability paradigm. Also, sustainable entrepreneurs engage in political work to strengthen their position and credibility in the sharing economy, which is being increasingly dominated by profit-oriented players and business practices. By substantiating the central role and micro-level practices that sustainable entrepreneurs enact to advocate sustainability, our study contributes to theorizing the sharing economy. Furthermore, our resultant framework provides a detailed overview of the distinct micro-level practices that help ventures to support the sustainability transition in entrepreneurial ecosystems.
... In this paper, we opted for a hybrid review based on the framework-based approach (Lim et al., 2021;Paul & Benito, 2018) and linked with the bibliometric approach (Bahoo et al., 2020;Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Hota et al., 2020;Leung et al., 2017;Merigó & Yang, 2017). The framework-based approach was chosen over other systematic approaches used to study the domain of the SE (Cheng, 2016;Hossain, 2020a;ter Huurne et al., 2017) because it has the flexibility and integrative ability (Lim et al., 2021) we needed to carry out this research, and it also provides structure, transparency and logic (Paul & Criado, 2020). ...
... The reason is that searching with both controlled vocabulary (subject) and natural vocabulary (title, abstract, keywords, etc.) provides distinct but complementary results (Zhao & Strotmann, 2015). The results from each database were merged, following precise instructions developed by (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). The data were extracted on October 19, 2019. ...
The growth of sharing economy (SE) business models across different sectors suggests
global shifts in consumer expectations, values, behaviours and lifestyles. SE products and service are not standardized, and it is impossible to talk about quality as it is traditionally understood. The methodological and theoretical approaches to study the quality in this setup remain segmented. This warrants a revision and systematization of existing knowledge. We use a hybrid review based on integration of bibliometric and structured reviews. We identify research streams, theoretical frameworks, contexts and methods related to perceived service quality in the SE, and also detect current gaps and formulate future research directions.
... Although the sharing economy has been credited with some positive social outcomes, such as enhancing sustainability and creating social bonding, the evidence is mixed (Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). ...
... The sharing economy is considered a sustainable business model (Piscicelli et al., 2018). However, this is not universal (Ertz et al., 2018), as research indicates that its contribution to sustainability is sector-specific (Geissinger et al., 2019). Further, even though ride hailing companies such as Uber and Lyft have often been credited with contributing to reduce air pollution in cities as they discourage ownership (Bellos et al., 2020), research also indicates that peer-to-peer platforms encourage greater consumption (Habibi et al., 2017;Murillo et al., 2017;Parguel et al., 2017;Tussyadiah & Pesonen, 2016), and consumption of costly, durable goods which might otherwise be beyond the purchasing power for consumers (Eckhardt & Bardhi, 2016). ...
The unbridled propagation of the sharing economy halted abruptly with the onset of the pandemic, forcing sharing economy companies to respond to the new set of challenges faced by them. There were marked differences between the pre-and post-COVID challenges. Post-COVID, sharing economy companies designed novel response strategies including tempering ambitions, adapting business models, designing new standard operating procedures, displaying empathy towards employees and partners, building trust, and sharing information with stakeholders. This signified a reorientation of sharing economy companies in the hypercon-nected world where there is a blurring of boundaries as brand experiences and meanings are cocreated by stakeholders. Sharing economy companies would need to focus on different set of values to attain competitive advantage in the post-COVID world-partnership instead of confrontation, nurturing instead of destructive, open and sharing instead of closed, and empathetic instead of uncaring. This can help create meaningful differentiation and provide competitive advantage. ARTICLE HISTORY
... The Scopus database was chosen as the paper retrieval source for the analysis for the following reasons: (a) Scopus has a greater range of scientific journal publications than other databases [56], (b) Scopus has a much greater indexing mechanism that improves the opportunity to access more recent publications [57], and (c) previous studies [58,59] used Scopus rather than other databases to avoid the difficult task of searching for papers in other databases. By searching for data in the Scopus database, users can define a topic and the time frame during which it was published and can subsequently acquire accurate information through the use of keywords or term co-occurrence analysis. ...
The rapid growth of sustainability has created a plethora of options for expanding zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) and energy efficiency in all aspects of life. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in ZEBs, and many countries have adopted ZEBs as future energy targets to promote the sustainable development paradigm. The primary goal of this paper was to conduct a bibliometric review of current research on ZEBs and energy efficiency. The first part of this paper identifies new knowledge gaps as well as practical demands in the field of sustainable development. Furthermore, bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database (i.e., 2592 articles) and a screening process was undertaken, with the result being 252 papers. This study draws attention to a body of knowledge by reviewing trends and patterns, major research topics, journals, countries, new approaches, emerging trends, and future directions for sustainable development. This study is unique in that it provides a comprehensive, updated review of ZEBs and energy efficiency trends. Moreover, this study could help identify limitations for future policymakers, practitioners, and academics. The empirical section of this paper, through a case study, presents an example of a low-energy single-family building located in Poland.
... In an era of the increasing number of publications, the identification, synthesis, analysis and critical evaluation of their content is challenging. This has led to a growing interest in more systematic approaches to the evaluation of scientific production, with a greater emphasis on quantitative methods of data analysis (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Keathley-Herring et al., 2016). Frequently used methods include bibliometric analysis (Keathley-Herring et al., 2016), which involves the use of quantitative techniques to identify the current state and developmental trends in a research area. ...
Modern cities face many challenges related to globalisation, metropolisation and digitalisation. The smart city concept, which has been gaining popularity in recent years, is considered an answer to their needs. One of the paradigms of modern smart cities is the Internet of Things. This article aims to identify the main research directions and trends in the scientific literature in the field of Internet-of-Things-based smart cities. The author of the paper conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2012–2021, collected from the Web of Science, Scopus and IEEE Xplore databases. The methodology includes: (i) the selection of databases and key words, (ii) defining search criteria, (iii) data export, creation of an aggregate database and record selection, and (iv) the analysis of the results and identification of the major research trends. The study involved 1019 publications. The last stage of the research process identified the leading countries, institutions, journals, and authors in terms of publication activity, as well as the most frequently occurring terms. The key word analysis allowed identifying five main research directions: IoT application domains in smart cities, IoT architecture for smart cities, energy, security and privacy and data. Within each area, the main research themes have been identified, and selected publications have been reviewed.
... From the map, authors sharing similar colours in clusters had co-citations and collaborations as noted [34], in a bibliometric analyses on collaborative economies and their sustenance. Evidently, authors are making attempts to collaborate in exploring the environmental effects of 3D printing technology. ...
Additive manufacturing use is on a rising trend and is set to revolutionise contemporary industrialisation activities. The technology uses a variety of materials with unique mechanical and chemical properties making production faster, customised and easier compared to conventional manufacturing approaches. The 3D printing technology results to environmental impacts such as release of emissions and particulate matter, energy inefficiencies and production of recalcitrant wastes. The qualitative and quantitative assessment the impacts is not well understood. To bridge this gap, this research conducted a scientometric analyses on research done regarding the environmental impacts of additive manufacturing using the VOSviewer software and data derived from the Web of Science database. Findings indicated exponential growth in publications with the Journal of Cleaner Production being the best publisher on the topic. Research and publication was scarce in developing countries due to limited financial and human capacity. Developed countries such the USA, Italy and China were lead publishers. The study emphasised the need to expand collaborative research on the environmental effects of 3D printing technology globally owing to its role in enhancing industrialisation and the need to adapt and mitigate climate change.
... Regarding the study's scope, we considered the well-being and socio-cultural beliefs of end users but did not consider the interests of providers, workers, suppliers, and entrepreneurs who contribute their idle or underutilized resources and assets for sharing/earning purposes. While the sharing economy is also known as the gig economy, peer-to-peer economy, on-demand economy, and collaborative economy (Räisänen et al., 2020;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Hou, 2018), in this research, we use these terms interchangeably without considering any difference in their meaning, purpose, or scope. Similarly, the terms "macro-mobility" and "ridesharing" have been used interchangeably with "ride-sourcing," "ride-hailing," and "mobility service providers." ...
This study aimed to identify and explain different facets of the sharing economy and to differentiate between micro- and macro-mobility services. We also aimed to examine the correlation between the sharing economy and subjective well-being, cultural beliefs, and COVID-19. An exploratory research technique with face-to-face semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from a sample of 22 rideshare app users in a developing country between January and May 2020 and in July 2020. The data were analyzed using the NVivo 12 application. The major findings suggest that, considering their scope and use, sharing economy technology and services can be divided into four major domains: (1) hospitality and dining, (2) retail and consumer goods, (3) media and entertainment, and (4) automotive and transportation. In ridesharing services, the well-being of users is influenced (and suppressed) by eight factors. In addition, socio-cultural beliefs are prevalent in developing markets, and the impact of COVID-19 on the sharing economy is evident. However, the pandemic has promoted the use of micro-mobility services. This study, which contributes to the existing knowledge on the theory of subjective well-being and cultural beliefs, has major theoretical and managerial implications and offers a rich future research agenda.
... Collaborative consumption is defined as "the set of resource circulation schemes that enable consumers to both receive and provide, temporarily or permanently, valuable resources or services through direct interaction with other consumers or through an intermediary" (Ertz et al. 2019, p. 32). In the transportation domain, this refers to business models or exchange schemes that allow lay individuals to offer transportation resources (e.g., cars, bikes) or services (e.g., rides) to other individuals, either directly (i.e., in-person) or indirectly (i.e., via an intermediary such as a website, application, platform, or organization) (Ertz et al. 2016a(Ertz et al. , b, 2017Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx 2018). The collaborative mode of transportation known as ride-hailing has therefore gained traction as a creative solution to cater to the growing transportation needs of Beijingers. ...
Bike sharing is becoming increasingly popular around the world. However, there is little empirical evidence of the emerging free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) system, and even less from a product life cycle perspective. Based on actual urban transportation big data and related product life cycle data, this chapter takes Beijing FFBS system as a study case. By comparing the changes in the choice of transportation means of urban residents before and after the emergence of FFBS, and in combination with the evolution of the FFBS system, the real environmental impact of FFBS is dynamically observed and evaluated from a life cycle analysis (LCA) perspective. The results show that FFBS display desirable properties in reducing air waste in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This reduction effect is mainly achieved by connecting to the public transportation system, hence substituting for the use of private cars. Yet, in comparison to the period prior to the emergence of FFBS (i.e., 2016), the excessive supply of FFBS resulted in an average annual increase of 0.38% in air waste as GHG emissions by daily transportation of urban residents in 2017 and 2018, with a cumulative increase of 0.102 million tons CO2, e. Since then, under increased government control, the scale of the FFBS system has gradually become reasonable and the operating efficiency has gradually improved. In 2019, air waste as GHG emissions were reduced by 0.065 million tons compared with 2016. Especially, according to the development plan of Beijing FFBS system, it is expected that the emission reductions will reach 0.16 million tons, a reduction rate of about 1.13%.
... The construction of the bibliometric maps was completed using the VOSviewer software (Leiden University), which allowed for the visualization of the study field's structure through a two-dimensional bibliographic network [76]. This software has been applied in different subjects, including business and management [68,[77][78][79][80], the environment [81][82][83], medicine [84][85][86], and Earth sciences [87][88][89]. ...
Land cover is an important descriptor of the earth’s terrestrial surface. It is also crucial to determine the biophysical processes in global environmental change. Land-use change showcases the management of the land while revealing what motivated the alteration of the land cover. The type of land use can represent local economic and social benefits, framed towards regional sustainable development. The Amazon stands out for being the largest tropical forest globally, with the most extraordinary biodiversity, and plays an essential role in climate regulation. The present work proposes to carry out a bibliometric analysis of 1590 articles indexed in the Scopus database. It uses both Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software for the evaluation of author keywords, authors, and countries. The method encompasses (i) search criteria, (ii) search and document compilation, (iii) software selection and data extraction, and (iv) data analysis. The results classify the main research fields into nine main topics with increasing relevance: ‘Amazon’, ‘deforestation’, ‘remote sensing’, ‘land use and land cover change’, and ‘land use’. In conclusion, the cocitation authors’ network reveals the development of such areas and the interest they present due to their worldwide importance.
... This makes it possible to handle a large number of documents and data easily, also more accurately. This tool profoundly analyses the relationship between publications, citations, co-citations and keywords with strong visualization of the network, which helps researchers to easily and clearly identify gaps in the literature and possible future research interests in a specific field [12]. ...
This paper provides an overview of standard literature publications during 2008–2020 on e-waste linked circular economy concept using bibliometric analysis. It presents key topic of waste to wealth and reduction of an environmental hazard. As applied in e-waste management, the concept of circular economy has received considerable attention among the research community over the past few decades. The Scopus database is utilized to retrieve the peer-reviewed articles from 2008 to 2020. A total of 326 publications were identified to focus on e-waste and circular economy. The parameters examined are document type, year wise and journal wise distribution, top authors, top citation and keywords. After that, VOSviewer software is used to visualize the current trends as well as the recent hotspots. It is observed that the topic of a circular economy is encircled by various issues such as e-waste, reuse, recycle, and sustainability in a density map of frequency of appearance of keywords. A few factors are also identified for improved e-waste management and for achieving the sustainable development goals of 2030 though minimized utilization of natural resources.
... In this study, the records are collected from both WoS and Scopus and then merged. Considering such a large dataset improves the analysis from: (i) having a more global perspective of bibliometric analysis [58], (ii) eliminating any dependency of the results on the database used [59], (iii) following the good practice to "supplement results retrieved from a citation database with additional publications to reach the desired level of completeness for the study at hand." [92,93]. ...
The building industry is responsible for considerable environmental impacts due to its consumption of resources and energy, and the production of wastes. Circular Economy (CE), a new paradigm can significantly improve the sustainability of this sector. This paper performs a quantitative scientific evolution analysis of the application of CE in the building sector to detect new trends and highlight the evolvement of this research topic. Around 7000 documents published 2005 to 2020 at Web of Science and Scopus were collected and analyzed. The bibliometric indicators, network citation, and multivariate statistical analysis were obtained using Bibliometrix R-package and VOSviewer. The co-occurrence analysis showed six keyword-clusters, in which the three main ones are: (i) energy and energy efficiency in buildings; (ii) recycling, waste management and alternative construction materials; (iii) sustainable development. The analysis showed that researchers pay close attention to “sustainability”, “energy efficiency”, “life cycle assessment”, “renewable energy”, and “recycling” in the past five years. This paper highlights that (i) the development and use of alternative construction materials; (ii) the development of circular business models; (iii) smart cities, Industry 4.0 and their relations with CE, are the current research hotspots that may be considered as potential future research topics.
... The present research followed a mixed-method approach adopted from Ranjbari et al. (2021b) by employing an analytical method to map the scientific literature of HCW, as illustrated in Figure 2. The rationales behind adopting this mixed-method approach are (1) unfolding the theoretical foundations and developments of HCW research by conducting an analysis based on a massive database and (2) taking advantage of the ability of bibliometric and text mining analyses to identify established past evolutions and emerging topical areas (Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018) within a huge amount of publications in the literature in a reasonable manner. Data collection and the process of analyzing the data are explained in the following sections. ...
Improper healthcare waste (HCW) management poses significant risks to the environment, human health, and socioeconomic sustainability due to the infectious and hazardous nature of HCW. This research aims at rendering a comprehensive landscape of the body of research on HCW management by (i) mapping the scientific development of HCW research, (ii) identifying the prominent HCW research themes and trends, and (iii) providing a research agenda for HCW management towards a circular economy (CE) transition and sustainable environment. The analysis revealed four dominant HCW research themes: (1) HCW minimization, sustainable management, and policy-making; (2) HCW incineration and its associated environmental impacts; (3) hazardous HCW management practices; and (4) HCW handling and occupational safety and training. The results showed that the healthcare industry, despite its potential to contribute to the CE transition, has been overlooked in the CE discourse due to the single-use mindset of the healthcare industry in the wake of the infectious, toxic, and hazardous nature of HCW streams. The findings shed light on the HCW management domain by uncovering the current status of HCW research, highlighting the existing gaps and challenges, and providing potential avenues for further research towards a CE transition in the healthcare industry and HCW management.
... Premises, parking lots, cars, bicycles, washing machines, tools, and even clothes stay unused most of their lifetime [15]. Therefore, the idea of "the sharing economy"-a novel way of resource distribution facilitated by online platforms where temporary access is given to goods owned by urban citizens and organisations-has been highlighted as a potential solution to many urban sustainability challenges [16,17]. ...
By changing the institutionalised practices associated with resource distribution, the sharing economy could support sustainable urban transformations. However, its impacts on urban sustainability are unknown and contested, and key actors hold different perceptions about them. Understanding how they frame these impacts could help solve conflicts and outline what can be done to influence the development of the sharing economy in a way that fosters urban sustainability. This study explores the diversity of these frames across actors (sharing economy organisations and municipalities), segments (accommodation, bicycle, and car sharing), and cities (Amsterdam and Toronto). A framework of the impacts on urban sustainability was developed following a systematic literature review. This then guided the analysis of secondary data and 51 interviews with key actors. Results show that accommodation sharing is framed most negatively due to its impact on urban liveability. Bicycle sharing is surrounded by less conflict. Still, in Amsterdam, which has a well-functioning bicycle infrastructure, it is viewed less positively than in Toronto. Car sharing is the most positively framed segment in Amsterdam as its potentials to lower emissions align with municipal sustainability agendas. Practical insights for negotiations between sharing economy organisations and municipalities to advance urban sustainability are proposed.
... Academic, business, and public interest in the collaborative economy (CE), in general, and platform economy, in particular, increased sharply over the last decade (Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). Platforms refer to "an intermediary owning a digital exchange platform or marketplace" (Ertz et al., 2019, p. 30). ...
Transportation platforms are often thought to be poised for a bright future, yet issues about the profitability of this industry surface frequently. This study uses the system dynamics modeling framework to forecast ride-hailing platforms' growth on a series of key performance indicators, including profit and the influence of various micro and macro, internal and external factors on growth. More specifically, taking ride-hailing platforms as a focal case, this study explores the internal structure and growth mechanism of a simulated transportation platform from a systematic perspective. The results provide a better understanding of the sustainable growth paths and mechanisms about ride-hailing platforms while further constituting an analytical tool for the operation and management of the emerging platform business model. By so doing, the paper presents useful conclusions for researchers, managers, and policy-makers alike, since it further advances theoretical and practical understanding of the digital transportation economy.
... In collaborative social companies, there are at least three actors, the service provider, the platform, and the client [5], and quality depends simultaneously on them and their interaction [2]. None of the actors can be neglected, even more so in social collaborative companies, since these social companies operate in the context of capitalism [13], which must be competitive to be sustainable and to guarantee their long-term viability [32], for which quality is considered a key aspect [33]. ...
This article has two aims: the first is to propose a definition for social collaborative companies that encompasses their main characteristics, and once the companies to which we refer is settled, the second aim is to propose a quality model for social collaborative companies. These companies are of a particular type based on a collaborative business model and with a social focus as part of their mission. They employ a democratic style of governance, whether or not they are cooperatives, and operate through a platform in the collaborative environment. The quality model has three main categories: management, operations, and continuous improvement in a cyclical manner to ensure continuous improvement. The findings may be interesting for academics due to the fact that it is the first attempt to provide a quality model for these social collaborative companies and provide a conceptual framework for these organizations. Additionally, some managerial implications can be evident, such as when (i) the framework functions as a management guide for excellence, (ii) a tool for benchmarking, and (iii) a tool for internal and external communication.
... For SE, the keywords were selected from those proposed in the literature (WEF 2017, Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx 2018, Görör 2018, Botsman 2019, Curtis & Lehner 2019. 1 To make the SE and FO literatures comparable, the selected keywords were aimed at extracting publications on access to material goods and shared consumption (Access Economy, Access-Based Consumption, Collaborative Consumption and Collaborative Economy ) and sharing practices mediated by digital platforms (Gig Economy, On-demand Economy, Peer Economy, Peer-to-Peer Economy and Platform Economy). Gift Economy identified publications analysing consumers' attitudes to ownership compared to traditional forms of possession and transfer of ownership. ...
The sharing economy is changing the consumption and ownership of goods. As consumption becomes more and more characterised by sharing and access-based consumption, ownership is becoming more concentrated. The literature on the sharing economy focuses almost exclusively on shared consumption practices and rather overlooks the question of ownership despite a substantial body of work on forms of shared ownership, that is, fractional ownership. In this paper, I study the extent of the linking between these two streams of work and whether they have a common conceptual base. I analyse the citations networks of these academic literatures, using the Leiden algorithm of community detection and main-path analysis. I find that the sharing economy literature originated in consumer research that debates over sharing as opposed to possession, and in work on transaction costs. I draw on the strand of work on fractional ownership and identify three sharing economy aspects: psychological ownership, anticommons and exclusion of group cooperation. The findings allow a better understanding of the characteristics of the sharing economy and open avenues for future research on fractional ownership models in the sharing economy.
... This type of analysis requires a search protocol that provides confidence and validity to the studies in which it is applied. The protocol specifies criteria such as: study range, databases in use, coverage of sources to be used, quality of the metadata under analysis, including other aspects, which will give the required precision and will influence the degree of consistency and replicability that the studies may have [28][29][30]. ...
Abstract:
The world’s cultural and natural heritage has been gradually affected by climate change, and although the research agendas of many countries have included this reality since 2003, there is still an incipient approach to it, with analysis techniques used being limited. In addition, there are very few case studies that describe in detail the adaptation processes of spaces to these new conditions. The aim of this research is to identify the scientific production related to the impact of climate change on cultural and natural heritage indexed in the international databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), which will enable to establish maturity of the research on this subject. The methodology used for the analysis of the data obtained is bibliometric analysis; evaluative and relational measures are applied to a set of 78 articles (45 in Scopus and 33 in WoS) and to a joint base of 47 articles after deleting those articles that overlap in both databases. The result is a scientific mapping that enables observing of the evolution of knowledge generation in this field of study. The main findings show that research is incipient, with a large presence of transient authors with a single publication, the research is limited to the geographical scope of Europe and North America, neglecting many other areas, the impact which is measured by the citation of articles is very low, the relational measures corroborate that the thematic approach is new by identifying a high presence of isolated relationships among authors. The results obtained will be very useful for researchers working in this scientific area, as they can find a synthesis of scientific production in this document, allowing them to draw their own conclusions regarding the current gaps in research; constituting the starting point of their research, with the aim of filling these gaps.
Keywords: climate change; cultural heritage; natural heritage; scientific production; bibliometric analysis
... The growing interest in environmental diversity and a wish for social integration by collective consumption (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Albinsson & Perera, 2012;Botsman & Rogers, 2010) have revealed collaborative consumption as an attractive choice for consumers. The collaborative economy characterised as a social and economic system designed on the notion of sharing material and human resources assume generation, distribution, commerce, consumption of goods and services in common by individuals and organizations. ...
Collaborative consumption is currently an exciting topic of interest for many debates and controversies being perceived as a fast-growing social phenomenon. Considering the contemporary development processes via sharing economy, there is an interest to prove that the segment of young consumers practices changed from traditional buying and owning behaviour to collaborative consumption stratagems. Thus, the central objective of the present study is to explore the potential young consumer behaviour adjustments and to discuss the motivations behind those changes by considering the emergence of collaborative consumption.
The primary hypothesis of the present article states that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations influence teenager’s attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding participation in collaborative consumption.
Regarding the methodology, the author’s performed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The objective was to determine if previously exposed motivational factors influence positively the young consumer’s behavioural intention and their attitude towards a supposed adherence to collaborative consumption schemes.
... Le pratiche di consumo collaborativo, economia collaborativa o più in generale, come meglio suggerisce il risultato di uno studio bibliometrico (Ertz, Leblanc-Proulx, 2018), 'economia della condivisione' (sharing economy), sono entrate nella prassi quotidiana relativa all'acquisizione di beni e servizi e suscitano un interesse crescente in segmenti di ricerca per lo più eterogenei. Il settore del turismo è senz'altro tra quelli più coinvolti nelle cosiddette 'economie tra pari' (P2P), anche grazie alla nascita di piattaforme digitali in grado di mettere in collegamento i fornitori e gli utilizzatori di servizi legati al mondo dell'ospitalità. ...
La recente diffusione delle pratiche di consumo collaborativo nel mercato dell’ospitalità, meglio identificate sotto il paradigma della sharing economy, costituisce un’opportunità rilevante per la creazione di economie alternative spesso non regolamentate, decentrate, neoliberali e sostenibili. Se, da un lato, l’economia tra pari (P2P) è in grado di alleggerire e facilitare i meccanismi di gestione dell’ospitalità, sia per i prestatori di servizi sia per i fruitori, mediante l’impiego di piattaforme digitali dinamiche e intuitive, è anche evidente come il suo largo utilizzo in ambito urbano ne imponga una più decisa regolamentazione per ciò che concerne gli affitti ad uso turistico. Ne deriva una sostanziale ridefinizione dell’assetto dei centri città, potenzialmente beneficiari di nuovi spazi del consumo e di nuove economie urbane. L’approccio cartografico di questo studio inten-de indagare l’ampiezza spaziale raggiunta in alcune tra le principali città italiane da parte di Airbnb, la piattaforma leader mondiale nella condivisione dei servizi per l’ospitalità, mediante l’utilizzo dei big data forniti dal relativo provider open data (insideairbnb.com). Inoltre, esplorando l’area urbana di Milano come caso di studio, si rilevano due evidenze: nelle principali aree d’accesso alla città esiste una decisa sovrapposizione tra l’offerta turistica tradizionale e i patterns localizzativi di Airbnb, mentre nelle aree più decentrate, ma comunque interessate da una domanda turistica destagionalizzata, gli Airbnb esibiscono complementarità rispetto all’offerta alberghiera.
... A thick size corresponded to strong interlinkage. Authors that shared an analogous colour had the same citation according to Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx (2018). Evidently, many authors are trying to collaborate in optimizing cellular agriculture technology. ...
World agriculture is facing a daunting task to feed the burgeoning population against multiple production and environmental threats. The alarming growth in population vis-à-vis current food production is expected to increase the global food insecurity levels. Inter alia, cellular agriculture – an incipient technology – is being considered as a potential alternative to cater for the growing demand for food and nutrition. The technology aims to develop edible agricultural products including meat with reduced environmental footprint against conventional farm production. In this context, an attempt has been made to review the progress of cellular agriculture research in four decades (1981-2020) through a bibliometric analysis and to suggest a roadmap for future research. The study sourced data from the Web of Science during October 2020. Using keywords, the database showed 212 searches pertaining to cellular agriculture from 135 journals worldwide. Of the journals, seven had at least five published articles and 33 had two articles each. Subsequently, the bibliographic coupling among the identified journals was carried out. It is found that the Journals: Appetite, Meat Science, and Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics had the largest circles corresponding to their respective number of publications coupled with notable linkages with other journals. Also, a detailed analysis was performed on categories, growth trend, keywords, institutions, regions and leading researchers of cellular agriculture. The findings indicate that the Appetite Journal followed by the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics had published a significant percentage of articles on cellular agriculture, and Environmental Science and Technology was identified as the highly cited journal. The USA, England and the Netherlands were identified as the progressive regions in cellular agriculture research. The bibliometric analysis points to sluggish progress in cellular agriculture research and production despite its potential benefits. Future research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of the technology, consumer willingness to buy, development of food safety protocols on its merit and regional policy governance coupled with popularising its paybacks in the context of ensuring food security.
... The bibliometric analysis applies a quantitative method for the explanation, assessment, and evaluation of available papers. Bibliometric analysis has been availed in previous research to examine diverse domains like sustainability in the collaborative economy (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018), technological innovation research (Akbari, Khodayari, Khaleghi et al., 2020), intelligence models (López-Robles et al., 2019), social innovation , sustainable technology , key account management (Kumar et al., 2019), and open innovation (Le et al., 2019). ...
Even though academics and practitioners extensively apply the notion of the sharing economy (SE), the conceptualization and the literature construction remained disjointed and dispersed due to the lack of a rigorous attempt to understand the core concept of the SE. This concept is multidimensional, which makes its investigation essential for practitioners and academics. Based on a 15-year data set collected from the Web of Science database, our paper seeks to provide a pervasive science plot of the intellectual structure of the SE field. A bibliometric review method was used by studying documents published from 2005 to 2020, using the VOSviewer, Bibexcel, SPSS, and GunnMap2 software. Providing an overview of articles, authors, the most influential journals, and themes of research, we contribute to the literature on the SE by identifying and proposing six research groups in MDS analysis, six research clusters in HCA analysis, and future study directions. Eventually, the research acknowledges the theoretical contribution, the limits of the present study, and recommends further study directions.
... According to them, sharing also comprises forms of gifting, reselling, bartering or swapping between peers. This anyway complicated picture gets further blurred by additional terms, most importantly Collaborative Consumption (Botsman and Rogers 2011;Barnes and Mattsson 2016;Huber 2017) and Collaborative Economy (Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx 2018;Bauwens, Mendoza, and Iacomella 2012), but also on-Demand, Gig or Platform Economy. ...
... A detailed search is done in the widely recognized databases Scopus and WoS (Chadegani et al., 2013) using a combination of search terms to identify the relevant articles. Several studies have relied upon these two databases to identify relevant literature (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Heradio et al., 2016;Lazar & Chithra, 2020). While selecting the search terms, it is assumed that most of the authors would never miss the following terms: i) culture or its derived forms in the title; ii) sustain or its derived forms in the title; and iii) building/built/architecture or its derived forms in title/abstract/keywords, as it would deprive them a chance to get their article cited readily. ...
The mutual and interdependent link between the economic, social and environmental pillars forms the basis for sustainable development. In recent years, culture is also identified as an essential pillar in achieving sustainable development. However, a comprehensive review of published literature revealed limited studies which provide an overview of culture in sustainable development and the sustainable built environment. This study attempts to provide an overview of culture in sustainable development and the sustainable built environment by reviewing various reports of United Nations, sustainable development models, existing Green Building Rating Systems and published research. A generic set of cultural indicators and their benefits in the sustainable built environment are summarized based on bibliometric and comprehensive literature review. The study reveals several benefits of incorporating cultural elements into building design, such as improved cultural interactions, creating a sense of place, protecting place character, efficient use of energy and resources, creating job opportunities for local people, improved affordability and sustainable behavioral change. The identified generic cultural indicators act as a primary reference to develop context-specific cultural indicators while developing/enhancing building assessment/rating systems. The study outcome would also serve as a vital reference while developing region-specific design policies. The study concludes that consideration of culture as a fourth dimension is essential to accomplish sustainable development. The study recommends further investigation in the research domain to understand, develop and validate region-specific indicators for culture in the sustainable built environment and opens up the scope for future research.
... The data in question began to be collected on July 1, 2019, and ended on August 31, 2019. Since the objective was to analyze the sharing economy in the Brazilian context, the search was conducted in Brazil's native language, considering common variations found in literature, as pointed out by Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx (2018). ...
Sharing economy is a concept that has been rapidly expanding around the world. However, the focus of most studies includes only developed countries. The objective of this article is to conduct an institutional analysis of the sharing economy in an emerging country. In order to proceed with it, we used the Social Media Analysis (SMA) alongside content analysis in order to obtain and analyze the collected data. The results indicate that the understanding of the sharing economy is intimately linked to the institutional context to which the analysis is connected.
... Collaborative consumption is defined as "the set of resource circulation schemes that enable consumers to both receive and provide, temporarily or permanently, valuable resources or services through direct interaction with other consumers or through an intermediary" (Ertz et al. 2019, p. 32). In the transportation domain, this refers to business models or exchange schemes that allow lay individuals to offer transportation resources (e.g., cars, bikes) or services (e.g., rides) to other individuals, either directly (i.e., in-person), or indirectly (i.e., via an intermediary such as a website, application, platform or organization) (Ertz et al., 2016a(Ertz et al., , 2016bErtz et al., 2017;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). The collaborative mode of transportation known as ride-hailing has therefore gained traction as a creative solution to cater to the growing transportation needs of Beijingers. ...
Bike sharing is becoming increasingly popular around the world. However, there is little empirical evidence of the emerging free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) system, and even less from a product life cycle perspective. Based on actual urban transportation big data and related product life cycle data, this chapter takes Beijing FFBS system as a study case. By comparing the changes in the choice of transportation means of urban residents before and after the emergence of FFBS, and in combination with the evolution of the FFBS system, the real environmental impact of FFBS is dynamically observed and evaluated from a life cycle analysis (LCA) perspective. The results show that FFBS display desirable properties in reducing air waste in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This reduction effect is mainly achieved by connecting to the public transportation system, hence substituting for the use of private cars. Yet, in comparison to the period prior to the emergence of FFBS (i.e., 2016), the excessive supply of FFBS resulted in an average annual increase of 0.38% in air waste as GHG emissions by daily transportation of urban residents in 2017 and 2018, with a cumulative increase of 0.102 million tons CO2,e. Since then, under increased government control, the scale of the FFBS system has gradually become reasonable and the operating efficiency has gradually improved. In 2019, air waste as GHG emissions were reduced by 0.065 million tons compared with 2016. Especially, according to the development plan of Beijing FFBS system, it is expected that the emission reductions will reach 0.16 million tons, a reduction rate of about 1.13%.
... It is through this mean that the SE may be viewed, at least potentially, as contributing to a sustainability transition. Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx (2018) have also brought to light the recent and progressive attention given by scholars to the SE concerning an increasing coverage of sustainability-related topics. In the same vein, Curtis and Lehner (2019) have also stressed the enormous sustainable potential of SE business models, even though the market is mostly full by market-based exchanges (as opposed to pure sharing models). ...
The Sharing Economy (SE) has been developing at an impressive pace throughout the globe and emerging as an innovative and hastily growing practice of the economy, which, on the other hand, has been attracting the attention of the scientific community. An increasing number of studies have been brought to light, particularly since 2017, helping to document and analyse how the SE has been unveiling itself and evolving across economic systems. There still is, nevertheless, a scarcity of a well-settled comprehension of the SE. This research addresses this gap by making a valuable contribution in helping to settle the sometimes-controversial, contention/dispute discourse around this arising field of knowledge over the last few years. It is composed of 3 sequential studies, whose respective research questions help find an answer to the central overall research question of the research, which is: what is the nature of the SE, and how and why stakeholders have progressively been granting legitimation to it? In conducting a historical qualitative analysis of the expression SE and its equivalents, Study 1 clarifies that (i) the SE is a phenomenon that has predominantly been formed by emergence processes, comprising social movement, similarity clustering and truce components; (ii) there is a generalised legitimacy granted to the SE by a vast number of stakeholders, even though still lacking on the consolidation of socio-political legitimation; and (iii) the nature of the SE seems to fall in a metaphorical approach, particularly, the notion of radial categories. Studies 2 and 3 represent a deeper dive into the heart of the SE sphere, with the aim to explore the role of two pivotal stakeholders, whose mutual interaction is vital for the legitimacy gaining of the SE: (a) the organisations belonging to the field and (b) the consumers. Results, respectively, show: (a) a content analysis of (1) how SBPs organisations portray themselves and express their identities to the world and (2) what is the nature of the legitimacy that is granted by external audiences to prototypical SBPs reveal that, while SBPs go through a stakeholder evaluation screening process involving the degree of their legitimacy in terms of sameness (or close substitution), distinctiveness, cognitive and socio-political, they resort to a self-presentation strategy that is based on proclaiming to be part of a global social movement and act as social agents of change concerning contemporary high-priority matters: the widespread prevalence of information technologies; the desirability of empowering people; the social cohesion as a requirement in a globalised world; and sustainability as a precondition for a more auspicious world; (b) one experiment reveals that consumers’ intention to participate in “pure sharing” and/or “pure exchange” SBPs of the SE depends on either hedonic, either gain, and/or either normative motives, hence comprising both individual and supra individual strands, to be cognitively activated in them by the stimulus given by the nature of the SBP in question. More relevantly, there is a tendency for consumers to associate both extremes of SBPs of the SE with normative, supra-individual strands, thus, allowing to elaborate that they choose to participate in SBPs due to their transformative character – it is in favour of the collective good, bringing people closer together, a more cohesive, altruistic, non-egocentric, a fairer society and, ultimately, the unlocking of new paths for better sustainability of the planet and a more auspicious future for humanity, which is something that, to the best of our knowledge, current literature did not uncover before.
... Bibliometric analysis is a research area that attracts increasing attention from the scientific community and it has become widespread, especially with the advent of internet technologies (Merigó and Yang, 2017: 38). There are many articles in the literature that provide a bibliometric overview in many research areas, including marketing (Martínez-López et al. 2018;Samiee and Chabowski, 2012;Kim et al. 2019;Nicolas et al. 2020), innovation (Sakata et al. 2013;Liu et al. 2015;Zhang et al. 2016;Cancino et al. 2017), sustainability (Niñerola et al. 2019;Ertz and Leblanc-Proulx, 2018;Nobanee et al. 2021;Jiménez-García et al. 2020) economics (Bonilla et al. 2015;Castillo-Vergara et al. 2018;Dominko and Verbič, 2019;Wang et al. 2020), health (Bouchard et al. 2015), fuzzy research (Liu and Liao, 2017), water research (Zhang et al. 2017;Wang et al. 2010;Fu et al. 2013;Goh and See, 2021), entrepreneurship (Rey-Martí et al. 2016;Andrade-Valbuena et al. 2019;Servantie et al. 2016;Block et al. 2020), smart cities (Guo et al. 2019;Mora et al. 2017;Alagumalai et al. 2021;Pérez et al. 2020), green supply chain management (Fahimnia et al. 2015;Maditati et al. 2018;Mishra et al. 2017;Gong et al. 2019) and tsunami research (Chiu and Ho, 2007;Jain et al. 2021). In addition, journals (Alfaro-Garcia et al. 2020;Donthu et al. 2020;Donthu et al. 2021;Shilbury, 2011); universities (Forliano et al. 2021;Merigó et al. 2019;Skute et al. 2019;van Leeuwen et al. 2016); and countries (Bayoumy et al. 2016;Maula et al. 2018;Bornmann et al. 2015;Lovakov and Agadullina, 2019) have been evaluated using bibliometric analysis. ...
Feminism is the body of social movements for the protection of women’s rights. With the transfer of feminist activities to the online environment, the concept of digital feminism emerged, and women’s rights
started to be defended online. The aim of this study is to analyze the articles dealing with the subject
of “digital feminism” in the Web of Science and Scopus databases taking various parameters into account. For this purpose, the bibliometric method was utilized, and 53 articles which addressed digital
feminism between the years 1975-2021 were examined. This study is the first to discuss digital feminism
using bibliometric analysis. In this respect, it is thought that the study will contribute to the literature
and will be a reference for researchers.
... The main macroeconomic indicators of such changes are growth in: 1) final domestic consumption in GDP and 2) the share of high-tech products in total exports (Wei et al., 2019). The key element of the industrial cycle hypothesis is the formation of net savings with added value created in export industries as a source of financing for economic restructuring (Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). ...
Purpose – the purpose of our article is to study structural changes in the national economy using a portfolio model of sectors with different returns and, on this basis, processing the methodology for identifying the current state and instrumental factors of economic policy.
Research methodology – the methodology of empirical research includes methods of grouping, abstraction, comparison, systems analysis, synthesis and generalization, graphical methods and regression analysis. To analyze the nature of the relationship between the index of structural changes and the dynamics of GDP, which determines the comparative profitability of the resource and non-resource sectors and the current position of the current structure relative to the equilibrium value, we used error-corrected models (ECMs).
Findings – using regression models with error correction, a favourable long- and short-term relationship between structural changes in favour of non-resource exports and Ukraine’s GDP has been empirically confirmed. Using the index of structural changes, considering the ratio of raw materials and non-raw materials exports, the necessity of applying administrative measures is substantiated.
Research limitations – the study concerned mainly the national economy of Ukraine, but in the future, attention should be paid to the application of the results of our study in other countries of Eastern Europe. In the future, the results obtained can be adapted for other countries of the world. The research was based on the use of specific mathematical methods, and not all mathematical possibilities were used.
Practical implications – the model can be used in the practical activities of state economic structures In the future, it is possible to change key indicators and further expand the field of use of the model.
Originality/Value – the novelty of the study lies in the development of a methodology for identifying the current state and instrumental factors of economic policy that can speed up economic growth based on favourable structural shifts (in favour of the non-resource export sector).
... nalyzing scientific production is important to understand the current state of various areas of knowledge (e.g., Buela-Casal et al., 2019;Carneiro-Barrera et al., 2019). Through carrying out bibliometric analyses, it is possible to obtain a detailed perspective of the research trends in the existing literature, as well as understanding which are the most cited papers and authors (e.g., Ho & Hartley, 2016;Ioannidis et al., 2019), which are the topics of recent interest (e.g., Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018), or the level of internationalization of a discipline (e.g., Begeny et al., 2018;Tortosa-Pérez et al., 2020a, 2020b. Carrying out these studies is therefore fundamental, not only in the academic and research context but also for the scientific journals themselves, as they show the necessary characteristics to be placed in the best positions within the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases (e.g., Corrales-Reyes et al., 2018;Salas et al., 2017). ...
The aim of this work was to analyze the Spanish psychology publications and journals indexed in the Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) during the last three years, to provide relevant information such as the journal citation indicator (JCI), the number of published
documents, the most studied topics, analysis of indicators, collaborations, etc. Using the time range 2018-2020, 17 journals were screened, and a total of 1,247 documents (1,071 articles) with 43,697 references were obtained. Excluding Spain, the most productive
countries were Mexico, Brazil, and Chile. In terms of the number of authors, the same countries predominate, in the following order: Brazil, Mexico, and Chile. The journals with the highest JCI and number of citations per paper were the Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y
Salud (1.08 and 5.17 respectively) and the International Journal of Educational Psychology (0.70 and 2.14 respectively), the former being the only one in the first quartile. Those with the highest h and g indexes were the Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud (7 and 10
respectively) and Papeles del Psicólogo (6 and 9 respectively). The three most used “keywords” were psychotherapy, adolescents, and anxiety.
... This perceived change in the consumer behaviour requires an investigation of consumer cognition of covid-19 and its impact towards the sharing practices. The sharing practices have been identified as sustainable consumption i.e., pro-environment in number of studies (Böcker & Meelen, 2017;Ertz & Leblanc-Proulx, 2018). Michelini et al., (2018) determined that consumers, present and potential, are increasingly concerned with the effects of their actions on the environment, eco-sustainability, thus, they are more likely to be supportive of sharing practices. ...
The COVID-19 induced crisis has been identified as the most disruptive event in recent times. Its manifold consequences have affected various disciplines, like marketing, organizational behaviour, management practices and including but not limited to consumer behaviour. There are studies on the magnifying effect, poor hygiene, lifestyle diseases like diabetes, obesity, air-pollution have on corona virus. Yet, the literature is lacking on understanding whether the consumer cognition of Covid-19 will lead them to adopt a pro-environment behaviour. In the present study the authors seek to research this understudied area. Based on Affective Events Theory (AET). Accordingly, post literature review, an online survey was conducted with the respondents being eligible only if they had engaged in sharing practices during the covid period. A total of 347 responses were deemed fit for analysis. Structural Equation Modelling is used to demonstrate the fitness of the proposed model. The analysis reveal that covid-19 cognition can be a factor to indulge in environment friendly sharing practices. This research, thus, bridges the gap between cognition of covid-19 related pandemic and the intention of the consumers to indulge in pro-environment behaviour.
... This software allows the visualization of bibliometric networks, including journals, researchers, and individual publications, among others [33]. Given its help for carrying out scientometric analysis, it has been used in several fields such as public-private partnerships [34], environmental [35], collaborative economy [36], business economics [37], among others. On the other hand, for the content analysis, in search of the most significant relevance, it was supported by the field-weighted citation impact metric provided by the same database and VosViewer's density visualizations. ...
The green bonds market has had a growth in recent years within its different sectors and regions. Specifically, up to 2020, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has issued USD 26 billion. Some authors have studied the factors influencing financing through green bonds. However, a research gap is identified in the analysis of the regions that contribute to the issuance of this type of bond, specifically for LAC. This is the first study to examine the variables such as issue amount, number and type of issuers, currency, and maturity data in the region using a dataset of issuing performed between 2014–2020. We find the typical sizes of the issues, the search for a premium in the issue, the perception of complexity, the issuance of guides, and tax incentives as the main factors affecting this market. Finally, the study presents the potential for further research.
Sharing economy research has risen exponentially during the last 4 years. Although several theoretical revisions on this topic have been developed, a conceptual analysis based on bibliometric techniques and science mapping tools is lacking. Within this framework, this article has two aims: (i) to carry on a performance analysis to identify the outstanding themes and (ii) to visually present the scientific structure by topics of research in sharing-collaborative economy as well as its evolution to identify future directions. The resources in the Web of Science Citation Index were used. Intelligent techniques and, more specifically, the SciMAT tool (based on co-word analysis and h-index analysis) were applied using a sample of 940 indexed papers from 2010 to 2020 (with 10.652 global citations). Our results show that the new post-pandemic era requires the sharing economy industry to investigate alternative ways: to improve trust, to innovate, to search for authenticity and experiences, to attend tourist motivations based on sustainability, and to use big data and manage overtourism.
This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science.
The collaborative economy is considered to have great potential in promoting the circular economy. However, there is little empirical research in this field. Taking the Beijing free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) program as an example, this study develops a system dynamics (SD) model based on the product lifetime extension business model (PLEBM) framework, and the business practices of FFBS. Combined with the dynamic evolution process of the FFBS market, the impact of FFBS on bicycle lifetime and the utilization efficiency of the urban bicycle system is explored. The results show that FFBS can reduce the required supply scale of the entire bicycle system by about 21%, and increase the average daily usage of bicycles by about 27%. In addition, FFBS also can increase the average lifecycle trip volume per bike in the entire urban bicycle system from approximately 900 to 1060, an increase of 16%. In particular, this study estimates that the optimal supply scale of the FFBS market in Beijing is about 800,000. It is worth noting that although enhancing the PLE strategy can increase the contribution of FFBS to PLE, it may also deteriorate the profitability of the FFBS platform. The authorities and FFBS operators should work together to continuously improve the profitability of the platform and strengthen its innovation capabilities to promote the healthy and sustainable development of FFBS.
The research subject of this monograph is multi-sided collaborative networks designed to help farmers and other entrepreneurs in rural areas to develop and accelerate the processes of business servitization in collaboration with a wide range of actors and groups. Even though service-driven business models are already used quite often in farming practice, the servitization of rural businesses, in contrast to the servitization of manufacturing, is still poorly studied in the scientific literature. Even fewer studies can be found exploring the benefits of collaboration in accelerating the territorial servitization of the rural regions. This research encourages researchers in rural development to focus on the phenomenon of collaboration and its potential to strengthen the economy of rural areas by implementing an innovative service-driven business model in farming and other rural businesses.
An increasing number of journal articles have been published on fairness in the platform economy from diverse perspectives. However, no study has yet attempted to assess the quantities and impact of such publications. In this study, 473 Scopus-indexed journal articles were analyzed using a bibliometric method to identify the leading authors and journal outputs as well as the evolutionary trends in knowledge on fairness in the platform economy. The results revealed that contributions to research in the area mostly originated from North America (the USA), Europe, and Asia, with no substantive research emerging from Africa. However, some researchers who are not from Africa partnered researchers from Africa to produce papers. This suggests the need for substantive research attention on fairness in the platform economy by researchers in Africa. The knowledge domains of research focused mainly on the topic categories of crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, sharing economy, and the gig economy. Evolutionary trends in fairness in the platform economy tend to move from discussions revolving around digital platforms and resources that facilitate platform work to issues related to discrimination, bias, inequality, and equity in engaging in the platform economy. This study provides insights into fairness-related issues to address in the platform economy so that positive outcomes can be generated for the economy. A spotlight on Africa and future directions for its researchers have also been highlighted.
Collaborative consumption has gained great popularity by embodying an affordable and sustainable form of consumption. It has also been considered a favorable pathway to sustainability to reduce the environmental impact of the fashion industry. Several online collaborative consumption platforms concerning fashion rental and second-hand resale have emerged in recent years. However, despite the relevance of the topic, the academic literature remains very fragmented, and a clear systematization of what collaborative consumption really entails in the fashion industry is still missing. By means of a systematic literature review based on 101 journal articles from 1980 to 2020, the findings provide a holistic view of collaborative consumption in the fashion sector highlighting three research themes (customer perspective, business perspective, and circular economy and sustainability perspective) and their related sub-themes addressed in the research studies to date. A new conceptual framework has been also developed to provide a clear understanding of the main collaborative consumption modes in the fashion industry. Finally, new directions for future research are suggested.
Purpose
This study aims to examine the various factors and conditions pertaining to the rise of the sharing economy.
Design/methodology/approach
After framing the sharing economy concept, the study adopts a multidisciplinary approach and relies on the extant literature to analyze and classify eight major groups of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.
Findings
The analysis indicates that the sharing economy (1) represents a significant paradigm shift emphasizing utilization rather than possession and relying on mutual trust, collaboration and reciprocity; (2) benefits from fundamental transformations such as the world population growth, global urbanization, surge in the world middle class and the convergence of tastes and preferences; (3) relies on technological innovation but is affected by socio-cultural and psychological conditions; (4) is driven by emerging trends in consumption, marketing and working conditions; (5) benefits from lax or nonexistent regulation and taxation; and (6) is recognized as clean and environmentally friendly.
Originality/value
This paper's chief contribution resides in adopting a multidisciplinary perspective to offer an in-depth analysis of the various types of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.
The association of Industry 4.0 and supply chain management assures tremendous growth and developmental opportunities towards manufacturing organizations. The two aspects (Industry 4.0 and supply chain management) are one of the most opted choices for research among academicians and researchers. The study in question accommodates 884 papers from past 10 years, which contributes towards Industry 4.0, supply chain management, cyber-physical systems, digitization, Internet of Things, and Big Data predictive analytics. The statistical tools include BibExcel and Gephi for bibliometric and network analysis. The results are presented in the form of top contributing authors, keywords, and citations. The article also shares a conceptual model based on the review of studies. The findings will help managers or officials to understand the importance of Industry 4.0 and its association with supply chain management. The formed clusters and their associations are providing new areas that require managerial attention. The article ends while discussing the current and future scope of research.
El crowdfunding cívico se puede entender como una modalidad de finanzas sostenibles, ya que toma en consideración no solo la valoración económica de los proyectos, sino también cuestiones sociales y medioambientales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el crowdfunding cívico y el matchfunding como herramienta para financiar los Objetivos de desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) desde la escala local y regional. Para ello se analizan los resultados de la experiencia piloto de microfinanciación comunitaria con apoyo institucional “Matchfunding Madrid Km Región” que busca promover la innovación en proyectos de canales cortos de comercialización de alimentos sostenibles y de proximidad. Además, se realizaron entrevistas con los responsables políticos de 35 municipios de la Comunidad de Madrid acerca de la aceptación, beneficios y barreras que podría tener el matchfunding en las entidades locales. El crowdfunding cívico, y en concreto el matchfunding, es una herramienta que tiene potencial para financiar proyectos locales que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible y marcar una agenda política y social en torno a los ODS. Entre otros beneficios, se fomentan la participación ciudadana y la actividad empresarial. Para impulsar su uso es necesaria una mayor difusión de buenas prácticas e investigación sobre estos mecanismos en el ámbito local y regional.
This chapter aims to examine the configuration of the sharing economy in the United Kingdom. The chapter provides an examination of the key opportunities and challenges that this socio-economic model generates in the country. It includes an account of different sharing economy initiatives in the United Kingdom, including crowdfunding projects, tool libraries, timesharing banks, men’s sheds, and shared workspaces, commercial sharing economy services, micro-libraries, community gardening projects, and paid online peer-to-peer accommodation. Increased consumer choice and economic benefits derived from an extended economy around the sharing economy are identified as key opportunities. Key challenges relate to policymaking and taxation of businesses and participants in the sharing economy, as well as the wider enforcement of health and safety regulations and the impact that the recent pandemic is having on the industry. The chapter also provides an examination of the latest developments and regulations in this area. In addition, the chapter identifies the most pressing issues and possible future directions of research in this context.
Despite the growth experienced by the Collaborative Economy in recent years, there are still unexplored gaps within this phenomenon. One of the areas of study with scarce literature is linked with the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies based on collaborative environments, such as Free and Open Source Software, on the spread of the Collaborative Economy. Some questions are raised, such as: (1) To what extent do organizations linked with Collaborative Economy make use of Free and Open Source Software?, (2) What are the incentives that motivate the implementation of Free and Open Source Software in Collaborative Economy companies?, (3) What use do Collaborative Economy companies give to Free and Open Source Software?, and (4) Is there a greater use of Free and Open Source Software expected for the coming years among these organizations? To answer these questions, a study based on the Delphi method has been designed. To this end, a panel of 15 high-level experts in the field was formed. From the consensus of the experts, a significant role for Free and Open Source Software in the different collaborative components and industries is evident, with the current levels practically being maintained by the year 2025.
The sharing economy is changing the consumption and ownership of goods. As consumption becomes more and more characterised by sharing and access-based consumption, ownership is becoming more concentrated. The literature on the sharing economy focuses almost exclusively on shared consumption practices and rather overlooks the question of ownership despite a substantial body of work on forms of shared ownership, that is, fractional ownership. In this paper, I study the extent of the linking between these two streams of work and whether they have a common conceptual base. I analyse the citations networks of these academic literatures, using the Leiden algorithm of community detection and main-path analysis. I find that the sharing economy literature originated in consumer research that debates over sharing as opposed to possession, and in work on transaction costs. I draw on the strand of work on fractional ownership and identify three sharing economy aspects: psychological ownership, anticommons and exclusion of group cooperation. The findings allow a better understanding of the characteristics of the sharing economy and open avenues for future research on fractional ownership models in the sharing economy.
Circular Economy (CE) has been one of the most transformational tendencies for the past years. What seemed to be one more organizational hype, is now appearing as a global trend, affecting macro, meso and microenvironments, ranging from governments, global organizations (such as the UN), the whole private sector, science, to final consumers and individuals. Despite the numerous CE definitions, a common sense regarding what CE means is still subject of studies. This opens space for misinterpretation and misuse, as well as greenwashing and image depreciation risks. Consequently, some organizations tend to shape CE to their own definitions and paradigms rather than changing their businesses. This article builds on previous work and aims to establish a common-sense CE definition, separating it from its enablers and related concepts, which seem to be the root causes of misuse. We asked 44 worldwide CE experts PhDs the same question: “Using your own words, please describe what you understand by “Circular Economy”. Database was complicated and analysed through a coded framework and triangulated with the support of R statistical tool. The main outcome is a final definition proposal, along with a structured CE framework. It is expected this research will provide resources to allow standards organizations to establish formal cross-industry CE policies and regulations, leading to scales, targets, KPI's development for CE assessments and audits; and guide organizations and governments on their CE transition roadmaps.
Investment in biofuels as sustainable alternatives for fossil fuels has gained momentum over the last decade due to the global environmental and health concerns regarding fossil fuel consumption. Hence, effective management of biofuel supply chain (BSC) components, including biomass feedstock production, biomass logistics, biofuel production in biorefineries, and biofuel distribution to consumers, is crucial in transitioning towards a low-carbon and circular economy (CE). The present study aims to render an inclusive knowledge map of the BSC-related scientific production. In this vein, a systematic review, supported by a keywords co-occurrence analysis and qualitative content analysis, was carried out on a total of 1975 peer-reviewed journal articles in the target literature. The analysis revealed four major research hotspots in the BSC literature, including (1) biomass-to-biofuel supply chain design and planning, (2) environmental impacts of biofuel production, (3) biomass to bioenergy, and (4) techno-economic analysis of biofuel production. Besides, the findings showed that the following subject areas of research in the BSC research community have recently attracted more attention: (i) global warming and climate change mitigation, (ii) development of the third-generation biofuels produced from algal biomass, which has recently gained momentum in the CE debate, and (iii) government incentives, pricing, and subsidizing policies. The provided insights shed light on the understanding of researchers, stakeholders, and policy-makers involved in the sustainable energy sector by outlining the main research backgrounds, developments, and tendencies within the BSC arena. Looking at the provided knowledge map, potential research directions in BSCs towards implementing the CE model, including (i) integrative policy convergence at macro, meso, and micro levels, and (ii) industrializing algae-based biofuel production towards the CE transition, were proposed.
This study aims to analyze the intellectual and cognitive structures of the sharing economy as a field of research. Adopting an integrated bibliometric approach of citation, co-citation, and co-word analysis, this study analyses 941 articles published on Web of Science from 1978 to 2019. Findings reveal that despite there being a latent concentration in citations distribution, the ascending and descending influence patterns discovered over time indicate a dynamic flow and healthy growth of the field. The analysis of the intellectual structure identifies four main areas of research, with hospitality and tourism being the most developed, and the journals about hospitality being the preferred channel for research into the sharing economy. Finally, for the cognitive structure analysis, in-depth strategic diagrams, thematic evolution, and trend analysis disclose some research gaps. Thus, we contribute to the sharing economy literature by inductively synthesizing, and organizing SE research, and by proposing future research directions.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which collaborative consumption (CC) enthusiasts are significantly more likely to engage into specific forms of socially responsible consumption (SRC), in contrast to regular consumers.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors administered an online questionnaire survey to a panel of 1,006 consumers. A cluster analysis combined with analyses of variance then determined the extent to which CC enthusiasts were more likely to engage in the focal SRC behaviors as opposed to others.
Findings
CC enthusiasts differ positively from other consumers concerning sustainable transportation, citizen consumption, and composting but negatively from other consumers concerning recycling; they do not differ significantly as regards to environmental, animal protection and local consumption.
Originality/value
Conflating CC and SRC remains debatable. This study provides some preliminary evidence about the complex associations that exists between the two constructs.
The sharing or "gig" economy claims to bring the romance of entrepreneurialism to the masses. Through peer-to-peer technology, workers can monetise their homes, resources, time and skills to make additional money. What is marketed as an empowering business opportunity is laden with difficulties and contradictions. Sudden changes to platform design, service offerings and algorithms leave workers feeling vulnerable, not independent. Instead of embracing sharing economy rhetoric, most workers describe themselves as simply seeking money. This article sheds light on the diversity of the gig economy and questions sharing economy company claims that they are contributing to the growth of entrepreneurship. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved.
The article focuses on the development of trust in ride-sharing business models. Topics mentioned include the insights of sociologist James Coleman on the meaning of trust, the importance of interpersonal relationship, and the social aspects of technological innovations. Also mentioned are the customer loyalty to a brand and the importance of digital infrastructure to improve the safety and security of customers.
We develop a conceptual framework that allows us to define the sharing economy and its close cousins and we understand its sudden rise from an economic-historic perspective. We then assess the sharing economy platforms in terms of the economic, social and environmental impacts. We end with reflections on current regulations and future alternatives, and suggest a number of future research questions.
Considerable work has focused on Collaborative Consumption (CC) from a managerial standpoint. Little academic research has been conducted into this specific concept. This paper proposes two theoretical contributions in that regard: 1) a definition of CC that enables to determine effectively whether any given resource distribution system can be labelled as CC or not; 2) the scope and limits of CC by contrasting it with other forms of exchanges. Consumers’ capacity to switch side from obtainment to provision or from “obtainer” to “provider” role constitutes the key criteria to identify a resource distribution system as being a form of CC. We define CC as the set of resource circulation systems which enable consumers to both obtain and provide, temporarily or permanently, valuable resources or services through direct interaction with other consumers or through a mediator. Collaborative Consumption is therefore a concept which stands in sharp contrast with the notion of Conventional Consumption. Conventional consumption – which underlies classic marketing thought – is a type of resource distribution system which involves passive consumers (not obtainers), who cannot, or are not given the capacity to, provide any resource or service (not providers). Incapable of engaging either in obtainment or in provision, their role is limited to that of buying – monetary exchange - and consuming organization-made resources or services, and, in the case of tangible resources, to discard them. In contrast, Collaborative Consumption involves not mere “consumers” but “obtainers” who may also be “providers”. In sum, consumers’ capacity to switch roles from provider to obtainer and from obtainer to provider, in a given resource distribution system constitutes the key distinguishing criteria between conventional consumption and CC. We also introduce the consumer process that is specific to Collaborative Consumption by emphasizing that CC involves not only delegation, such as in conventional consumption, but also empowerment and quasi-empowerment. More specifically, delegation assumes that there is a clear distinction between organizations which produce and sell goods and consumers who buy those goods produced and sold by organizations. Consumers rely on organization-made advertising, texts, logos, labels, trademarks, brands and other communication to choose among the broad array of goods or other types of resources that are offered to them. Empowerment means that consumers are empowered to collaborate directly with each other. They organize, arrange and negotiate informally the terms and conditions of the exchange of valuable resources, including goods or services. Under the concept of empowerment, consumers engage in what we call pure collaboration, where both the obtainer and the provider are consumers, such as in a secondhand purchase or sale at a flea market. As a middle-ground between delegation and empowerment, quasi-empowerment involves consumer-to-consumer exchanges that are mediated by a third-party, which is typically an organization. Under the concept of quasi-empowerment, consumers engage either in sourcing collaboration or in trading collaboration. Sourcing collaboration means that the provider provides a resource or service to the obtainer through a mediator. On the other hand, trading collaboration means that the obtainer obtains a resource from the provider through that specific mediator.
A new form of digital economic circulation has emerged, wherein ideas, knowledge, labour and use rights for otherwise idle assets move between geographically distributed but connected and interactive online communities. Such circulation is apparent across a number of digital economic ecologies, including social media, online marketplaces, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and other manifestations of the so-called ‘sharing economy’. Prevailing accounts deploy concepts such as ‘co-production’, ‘prosumption’ and ‘peer-to-peer’ to explain digital economic circulation as networked exchange relations characterised by their disintermediated, collaborative and democratizing qualities. Building from the neologism of platform capitalism, we place ‘the platform’ – understood as a distinct mode of socio-technical intermediary and business arrangement that is incorporated into wider processes of capitalization – at the centre of the critical analysis of digital economic circulation. To create multi-sided markets and coordinate network effects, platforms enrol users through a participatory economic culture and mobilize code and data analytics to compose immanent infrastructures. Platform intermediation is also nested in the ex-post construction of a replicable business model. Prioritizing rapid up-scaling and extracting revenues from circulations and associated data trails, the model performs the structure of venture capital investment which capitalizes on the potential of platforms to realize monopoly rents.
The cultural and philosophical movement of modernism has defined contemporary marketing knowledge, constructing a powerful narrative that has conceptually bound, yet semantically separated, business to consumer (B2C) and business to business (B2B) marketing knowledge. Perceived paradigm shifts towards relationships, and the birth of relationship marketing are argued to be no more than an evolution of modern marketing, yet at the heart of relational constructs sit the very features that modernism seeks to marginalise in the search for truth and the establishment of power structures. Indeed, while B2C marketing has embraced postmodern thinking in consumer culture theory recently, relationship marketing at the B2B level remains conceptually hinged to modern marketing. Using the lens of the postmodern marketing literature, this conceptual paper investigates the rise of China's ecommerce company Alibaba, and uses this case as a vehicle to argue for relationship marketing knowledge to embrace postmodern thinking and redefine how it should advance in the future.
The vast and growing array of concepts, methods and tools in the sustainability field imply a need for a structuring and coordinating framework, including a unifying and operational definition of sustainability. One attempt at such framework began over 25 years ago and is now widely known as the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. However, as with the larger sustainability field, the social dimension of this framework has been found to not be sufficiently science-based and operational and thus in need of further development. In this two-part series an attempt at a science-based, operational definition of social sustainability is presented. In part 1 a systems-based approach to the social system was presented, based on extensive literature studies as well as conceptual modelling sessions using the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development as the guiding structure. The focus of that study was on the essential aspects of the social system that need to be sustained, namely trust, common meaning, diversity, capacity for learning and capacity for self-organization. The aim of this second paper is to identify and present overriding mechanisms by which these aspects of the social system can be degraded, thereby finding exclusion criteria for re-design for sustainability. Further literature studies, conceptual modelling sessions and initial testing of this prototype with partners in academia, business and NGOs were performed. Based on the understanding of the essential aspects of the social system and the identified overriding mechanisms of degradation of these, a hypothesis for a definition of social sustainability by basic principles is presented. The proposed principles are that in a socially sustainable society, people are not subject to structural obstacles to: (1) health, (2) influence, (3) competence, (4) impartiality and (5) meaning-making. Overall, the two papers aim to provide a hypothesis for a definition of social sustainability, which is general enough to be applied irrespective of spatial and temporal constraints, but concrete enough to guide decision-making and monitoring. It is also a further development of the social dimension of the FSSD, which practitioners and researchers have requested for some time and can act as a support towards better integration of social sustainability in many other fields, e.g., sustainable product innovation, sustainable supply chain management, sustainable transport system development, and others.
OPEN ACCESS: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/toc/jtf/2/1
Purpose
Although networked hospitality businesses as Airbnb are a recent phenomenon, a rapid growth has made them a serious competitor for the hospitality industry with important consequences for tourism and for tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of the phenomenon, its potential further development in the next five years and the impact this developments will have on tourism, on hotels and on city destinations.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature study, combined with scenario workshops and a Delphi panel, were used to map current trends and uncertainties. With this input, future scenarios were elaborated using the Global Business Network (“scenario cross”) method.
Findings
Network platforms as Airbnb are often classified under something called the “Sharing Economy”, a denomination that obscures their true nature. Airbnb is a challenging innovation to which traditional hospitality will have to respond. Its impact has at the same time led to a call for regulatory policies. The definition of these policies and the evolution of tourism are variables that determine future scenarios. Attempts to ban the phenomenon mean a disincentive to innovation and protect oligopolistic markets; more receptive policies may have the desired results if tourism grows moderately but in booming destinations they may lead to a harmful commercialization.
Originality/value
Until now, Airbnb has been described in conceptual studies about the so-called “Sharing economy”, or more recently in empirical studies about isolated effects of holiday rentals. This paper contextualizes the evolution of networked hospitality and seeks to synthesize the sum of its impacts, thus enabling businesses and local governments to define positions and strategies.
Bibliometric methods are used in multiple fields for a variety of purposes, namely for research evaluation. Most bibliometric analyses have in common their data sources: Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (WoS) and Elsevier's Scopus. This research compares the journal coverage of both databases in terms of fields, countries and languages, using Ulrich's extensive periodical directory as a base for comparison. Results indicate that the use of either WoS or Scopus for research evaluation may introduce biases that favor Natural Sciences and Engineering as well as Biomedical Research to the detriment of Social Sciences and Arts and Humanities. Similarly, English-language journals are overrepresented to the detriment of other languages. While both databases share these biases, their coverage differs substantially. As a consequence, the results of bibliometric analyses may vary depending on the database used.
Sharing, caring, and profit with Juliet B. Schor, Edward T. Walker, Caroline W. Lee, and Paolo Parigi and Karen Cook.
Citation analysis—the exploration of reference patterns in the scholarly and scientific literature—has long been applied in a number of social sciences to study research impact, knowledge flows, and knowledge networks. It has important information science applications as well, particularly in knowledge representation and in information retrieval.
Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in citation analysis to help address research, management, or information service issues such as university rankings, research evaluation, or knowledge domain visualization. This renewed and growing interest stems from significant improvements in the availability and accessibility of digital bibliographic data (both citation and full text) and of relevant computer technologies. The former provides large amounts of data and the latter the necessary tools for researchers to conduct new types of large-scale citation analysis, even without special access to special data collections. Exciting new developments are emerging this way in many aspects of citation analysis.
This book critically examines both theory and practical techniques of citation network analysis and visualization, one of the two main types of citation analysis (the other being evaluative citation analysis). To set the context for its main theme, the book begins with a discussion of the foundations of citation analysis in general, including an overview of what can and what cannot be done with citation analysis (Chapter 1). An in-depth examination of the generally accepted steps and procedures for citation network analysis follows, including the concepts and techniques that are associated with each step (Chapter 2). Individual issues that are particularly important in citation network analysis are then scrutinized, namely: field delineation and data sources for citation analysis (Chapter 3); disambiguation of names and references (Chapter 4); and visualization of citation networks (Chapter 5). Sufficient technical detail is provided in each chapter so the book can serve as a practical how-to guide to conducting citation network analysis and visualization studies.
While the discussion of most of the topics in this book applies to all types of citation analysis, the structure of the text and the details of procedures, examples, and tools covered here are geared to citation network analysis rather than evaluative citation analysis. This conscious choice was based on the authors’ observation that, compared to evaluative citation analysis, citation network analysis has not been covered nearly as well by dedicated books, despite the fact that it has not been subject to nearly as much severe criticism and has been substantially enriched in recent years with new theory and techniques from research areas such as network science, social network analysis, or information visualization.
The public perception of shared goods has changed substantially in the past few years. While co-owning properties has been widely accepted for a while (e.g., timeshares), the notion of sharing bikes, cars, or even rides on an on-demand basis is just now starting to gain widespread popularity. The emerging "sharing economy" is particularly interesting in the context of cities that struggle with population growth and increasing density. While sharing vehicles promises to reduce inner-city traffic, congestion, and pollution problems, the associated business models are not without problems themselves. Using agency theory, in this article we discuss existing shared mobility business models in an effort to unveil the optimal relationship between service providers (agents) and the local governments (principals) to achieve the common objective of sustainable mobility. Our findings show private or public models are fraught with conflicts, and point to a merit model as the most promising alignment of the strengths of agents and principals.
Resource efficiency in production and technological innovations are inadequate for considerably reducing the current use of natural resources. Both social innovations and a complementary and equally valued strategy of sustainable consumption are required: goods must be used longer, and services that support collaborative consumption (CC) patterns must be extended. “Using rather than owning” strategies, such as product sharing, have the potential to conserve resources. Based on the results of different German studies, this article highlights the resource-saving potentials of CC patterns and recommendations proposed for policies and further research questions. The purpose of this paper is to show that a general resource-saving potential can be realized by “use rather than own” schemes, depending on the application field and the framework for implementation. CC is suitable for making a positive contribution to achieving the Factor 10 target by playing an important role in changing consumer patterns.
Sharing is a phenomenon as old as humankind, while collaborative consumption and the “sharing economy” are phenomena born of the Internet age. This paper compares sharing and collaborative consumption and finds that both are growing in popularity today. Examples are given and an assessment is made of the reasons for the current growth in these practices and their implications for businesses still using traditional models of sales and ownership. The old wisdom that we are what we own, may need modifying to consider forms of possession and uses that do not involve ownership.
This paper conceptualizes and explores the symbolic and psychological aspects of both acceptance and rejection toward used clothes. Based on Sartre’s (1956) view on having and being, it proposes a broader investigation of the various aspects of positive and negative meanings associated with the exchange and resale of second-hand clothing. Based on an exploratory study, the findings suggest that when used clothes are mentally detached from a previous owner, they can be appraised for their intrinsic properties instead of being reduced to the incorporated intimacy with another person. In addition, certain characteristics of these products seem to uncover various and strong desires for re-appropriation.
Sharing is the constitutive activity of Web 2.0. But when did ‘sharing’ become the term used to describe the activities that constitute participation in Web 2.0? What does sharing mean in this context? What is its rhetorical force? This paper argues that a new meaning of sharing has emerged in the context of Web 2.0 with three main features: fuzzy objects of sharing; the use of the word ‘share’ with no object at all; and presenting in terms of sharing functions of social network sites that used not to be so described. Following a critique of the use of the notion of sharing by social network sites, the article concludes by suggesting affinities between sharing in Web 2.0 and in other social spheres.
Sharing is an alternative form of distribution to commodity exchange and gift giving. Compared to these alternative modes, sharing can foster community, save resources, and create certain synergies. Yet outside of our immediate families, we do little sharing. Even within the family, there is increased privatization. This article addresses impediments to sharing as well as incentives that may encourage more sharing of both tangible and intangible goods. Two recent developments, the Internet and intellectual property rights doctrines, are locked in a battle that will do much to determine the future of sharing. Businesses may lead the way with virtual corporations outsourcing the bulk of their operations. Whether virtual consumers sharing some of their major possessions are a viable counterpart remains an open question.
This study combined two bibliometric analysis methods to provide a systematic and holistic review of social media-related academic literature. A total of 406 publications related to social media between 2007 and 2016 were identified from 16 business and hospitality/tourism journals. Co-citation analysis identified Word-of-Mouth as the major theoretical foundation of social media research in business, while the hospitality/tourism field presented a diverse theoretical foundation. The study then employed co-word analysis to identify the evolution of research themes over time in both fields. The comparison of social media research between the two fields highlighted four similarities, including the growth of research over time, the term “social media” gaining popularity, the new trend of social networking sites, and managerial applications as research focus. Finally, the study called for a future research agenda on social media research in the hospitality/tourism field.
Morozov (2013a) in an op-ed published in The Financial Times stated: “the sharing economy [SE] amplifies the worst excesses of the dominant economic model: it is neoliberalism on steroids”. The above statement does not seem so far-fetched based on the different academic discussions collected. Some recent attempts have been made to problematise the assumptions made under the banner of the SE. The findings reveal the extent of the terminological confusion that surrounds the SE and the need for a more elaborate discussion that enables practitioners, regulatory bodies, and academics to shed some light on the social impacts of the SE. In this paper we identify the debate that has resulted from the collision between what we term ‘the SE manifesto’, the SE's promise of social progress, and platform capitalist practices operating under the banner of the SE. The framework developed in this paper enables us to analyse the assumptions made by the initial promoters of the SE on its impact on markets, governments, workers, consumers, and the environment and set a research agenda that can help academics and governments engage in a more nuanced discussion on the disruption created by the SE.
Sharing economy businesses have emerged in recent years as a disruptive approach to the traditional way of planning, modeling and doing business. The phenomenon has gained significant traction within a wide range of domains including entrepreneurship, innovation, technology and management more broadly. Despite this surge and interest, there is a lack of empirical research regarding the increasing diversity of sharing economy business models and the implications for business growth, community impact, sustainability and public policy. With this research, we sought to leverage a rigorous comparative method, fs/QCA, to assess the business models of 36 firms in the sharing economy. Leveraging a rich set of qualitative data, our analysis leveraged seven dimensions of sharing economy business models drawn from extant research, revealing a typology comprising five ideal types that collectively account for the constellation of possible, empirically-relevant business models across the sharing economy. The emergent dilemmas and paradoxes as well as implications of these typologies of business models for startups, investors and policymakers are explored.
This article introduces the special issue on the increasing role of cities as a driver for (open) innovation and entrepreneurship. It frames the innovation space being cultivated by proactive cities. Drawing on the diverse papers selected in this special issue, this introduction explores a series of tensions that are emerging as innovators and entrepreneurs seek to engage with local governments and citizens in an effort to improve the quality of life and promote local economic growth.
This book builds on the idea that peer-to-peer infrastructures are gradually becoming the general conditions of work, economy, and society. Using a four-scenario approach, the authors seek to simplify possible outcomes and to explore relevant trajectories of the current techno-economic paradigm within and beyond capitalism. © Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens 2014. All rights reserved.
The phrase ‘sharing economy’ has grown to become an umbrella term for a wide range of nonownership forms of consumption activities such as swapping, bartering, trading, renting, sharing, and exchanging. In spite of such a wide spectrum of behaviors, there is limited practical knowledge about how individual sharing economy practices should be managed. Building on a framework that categorizes sharing economy practices based on their detailed characteristics, this article provides extensive recommendations to managers and practitioners. The article argues that each practice is a hybrid of sharing and exchange, and provides several recommendations based on the nature of each practice's offering.
This study provides an overview of the sharing economy, specifically focusing on the food-sharing sector. It predominantly uses secondary research, such as academic and practical literature, case studies and news publications to undertake this research. This project firstly examines the different reasons for growth in the sharing economy and the types of sharing models that have emerged. To evaluate these models, a thorough analysis of business models of relevant and distinct firms-AirBnB, Taskrabbit, Eatwith and Uber is presented. Secondly, this study evaluates the opportunities and threats faced by firms in the sharing economy, specifically focusing on why some firms fail, main issues they have to overcome and key trends that may aid their development. Moreover, this study focuses on the food industry and how different sharing models are set up in that sector and the market forces they are faced with. Lastly, the financial performance of food-sharing platforms is analyzed, using risk and reward trade-offassumptions and cost factors. Results of this study showed that there are four key models of food sharing that are competing in the sharing economy. Early successes of Eatwith and Shareyourmeal indicate potential growth in the P2P home-cooked food model and the delivery/takeaway model of food-sharing. Our forecasts, looking at the motives for sharing and the UK market size indicates significant potential for growth in the delivery/takeaway segment and based on this finding, the report examines the delivery/takeaway model in more detail. Research uncovers some opportunities for growth, especially in combating the unhealthy perception of current delivery/takeaway offerings and also in encouraging people to dispose of their waste. Moreover, research shows that firms face some key issues in this segment of the sharing economy which include health and safety issues, trust issues and logistics issues. Based on findings, it is recommend that company focus on the two most important models of food sharing the P2 P model and the delivery/takeaway model and attempt to identify the potential for emerging firms in these segments in the UK and Russia. It is recommended that the P2P model is an unknown entity, yet increasing popular with early success stories making it an attractive prospect. It is also recommend that company observe developments in this model in the next 3 years. Moreover, findings present the delivery/takeaway model as one with great potential based on market conditions and success stories and suggestions are made encouraging entry into this segment. For this project we analyzed relevant academic and non-academic literature concerned with the topic. Secondary data (both qualitative and quantitative) is mostly used in this report, as collection and processing of any meaningful primarily data is complicated. The Russian market was additionally analyzed through a questionnaire among presumed target audience of the services in question.
If you would like a copy of the article for your personal use, please email me: mingming.cheng@otago.ac.nz
This paper provides an objective, systematic and holistic review of the sharing economy (SE) academic literature to uncover the theoretical foundations and key themes underlying the field by using co-citation analysis and content analysis. Sixty-six publications on sharing economy with ten papers related to tourism and hospitality from 2010 to 2015 (inclusive) have been identified. This paper revealed three broad areas of foci with sharing economy research in general: (1) SE's business models and its impacts, (2) nature of SE, and (3) SE's sustainability development as well as two areas of foci in tourism and hospitality specifically: (1) SE's impacts on destinations and tourism services (2) SE's impacts on tourists. The sharing economy has a strong intellectual tradition from lifestyle and social movement field, consumption practice and sharing paradigm. This paper presents a more robust framework and holistic understanding of the sharing economy field and calls for a new theory-informed research agenda on sharing economy to coalesce multi-level perspectives.
This Article posits ten first principles on which a regulatory response to the sharing economy must rest. Given the rapid diversification of products in the sharing economy, this Article gives particular focus to the short-term rental market, typified by Airbnb, as one lens through which to illustrate these principles. This Article then turns to review existing regulatory responses to the sharing economy. Here again, the Article focuses on regulations related to the shortterm rental market with a particular emphasis on the two strictest, existing local government regulatory structures: those of San Francisco, California and Portland, Oregon. This Article next proposes a response beyond such traditional regulatory strategies that are not well suited to regulating the sharing economy. Instead, this Article proposes a markets-based mechanism, transferable sharing rights, which is better suited to internalize externalities in the short-term rental market. Finally, this Article examines the corporatization of the sharing movement and the implications for regulations as sharing evolves from a peer-to-peer enterprise to a place where established market participants seek to assert themselves in the sharing economy’s new domains.
‘Sharing economy’ platforms such as Airbnb have recently flourished in the tourism industry. The prominent appearance of sellers' photos on these platforms motivated our study. We suggest that the presence of these photos can have a significant impact on guests' decision making. Specifically, we contend that guests infer the host's trustworthiness from these photos, and that their choice is affected by this inference. In an empirical analysis of Airbnb's data and a controlled experiment, we found that the more trustworthy the host is perceived to be from her photo, the higher the price of the listing and the probability of its being chosen. We also find that a host's reputation, communicated by her online review scores, has no effect on listing price or likelihood of consumer booking. We further demonstrate that if review scores are varied experimentally, they affect guests' decisions, but the role of the host's photo remains significant.
This paper studies four sites from the sharing economy to analyze how class and other forms of inequality operate within this type of economic arrangement. On the basis of interviews and participant observation at a time bank, a food swap, a makerspace and an open-access education site we find considerable evidence of distinguishing practices and the deployment of cultural capital, as understood by Bourdieusian theory. We augment Bourdieu with concepts from relational economic sociology, particularly Zelizer's “circuits of commerce” and “good matches,” to show how inequality is reproduced within micro-level interactions. We find that the prevalence of distinguishing practices can undermine the relations of exchange and create difficulty completing trades. This results in an inconsistency, which we call the “paradox of openness and distinction,” between actual practice and the sharing economy's widely articulated goals of openness and equity.
In recent years several new ‘transportation network companies’ (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, have emerged, competing with traditional taxicabs. In most U.S. cities, taxicab markets operate implicitly or explicitly as a cartel, and new services pose an economic challenge to them. The motivation and moral of the paper is predicated on a belief that is not defended in the paper, namely the belief that such government-created cartels are undesirable. Here I survey the coverage by economics blogs of the TNCs, with specific emphasis on whether bloggers highlight the consumer benefits from the new competition. One of the main results is that very few vocal left-leaning U.S. academic economics bloggers have had anything at all positive to say about Uber and Lyft: most are silent, some are ambivalent, and a few are outright hostile. © 2015 Atlas Economic Research Foundation. All rights reserved.
Purpose
– Given the importance of logistics operations in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce and growing interest in the related environmental effects, the purpose of this paper is to offer an up-to-date literature review on the topic of B2C e-commerce environmental sustainability, specifically from a logistics perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis focussed on a set of 56 papers published from 2001 to 2014 in 38 peer-reviewed international journals. The papers were analyzed and categorized according to the main features of the paper, the research method(s) adopted and the themes tackled.
Findings
– There is a growing interest in sustainability issues. In the last 14 years, the focus has progressively shifted from the mere identification of the wide-ranging environmental effects of e-commerce to the need for a quantitative evaluation of their impact, although much remains to be done in this regard. Some industries, such as books and grocery, have largely been addressed, however, promising sectors in the e-commerce field, such as clothing and consumer electronics, have only been considered to a certain degree. Moreover, despite the emerging role of multichannel strategies, the environmental implications of the related logistics activities have not yet been studied in detail.
Originality/value
– B2C e-commerce has grown in popularity, and its environmental implications are currently of key interest. This paper contributes to the understanding of the existing body of knowledge on this topic, presenting an up-to-date classification of articles and highlighting themes for further research activities. From a managerial perspective, this paper helps supply chain managers develop a clear understanding of both the logistics areas with the most impact on environmental sustainability and the KPIs used to quantify the environmental implications of e-commerce logistics operations comprehensively and effectively.
This Essay offers a framework to explain large-scale effective practices of sharing private, excludable goods. It starts with case studies of carpooling and distributed computing as motivating problems. It then suggests a definition for shareable goods as goods that are "lumpy" and "mid-grained" in size, and explains why goods with these characteristics will have systematic overcapacity relative to the requirements of their owners. The Essay next uses comparative transaction costs analysis, focused on information characteristics in particular, combined with an analysis of diversity of motivations, to suggest when social sharing will be better that secondary markets at reallocating this overcapacity to nonowners who require the functionality. The Essay concludes with broader observations about the attractiveness of sharing as a modality of economic production as compared to markets and to hierarchies such as firms and government. These observations include a particular emphasis on sharing practices among individuals who are strangers or weakly related; sharing's relationship to technological change; and some implications for contemporary policy choices regarding wireless regulation, intellectual property, and communications network design.
The emergent field of green supply chain management has been rapidly evolving with a geometric growth in the number of academic publications in this field. A number of literature reviews have been published focusing on specific aspects of green supply chain management such as performance measurement, supplier selection/evaluation, analytical modeling efforts, and some others with broader areas of focus. This paper presents a thorough bibliometric and network analysis that provides insights not previously fully grasped or evaluated by other reviews on this topic. The analysis begins by identifying over 1000 published studies, which are then distilled down to works of proven influence and those authored by influential investigators. Using rigorous bibliometric tools, established and emergent research clusters are identified for topological analysis, identification of key research topics, interrelations, and collaboration patterns. This systematic mapping of the field helps graphically illustrate the publications evolution over time and identify areas of current research interests and potential directions for future research. The findings provide a robust roadmap for further investigation in this field.
Journal of Democracy 6.1 (1995) 65-78
As featured on National Public Radio, The New York Times, and in other major media, we offer this sold-out, much-discussed Journal of Democracy article by Robert Putnam, "Bowling Alone." You can also find information at DemocracyNet about the Journal of Democracy and its sponsor, the National Endowment for Democracy.
Many students of the new democracies that have emerged over the past decade and a half have emphasized the importance of a strong and active civil society to the consolidation of democracy. Especially with regard to the postcommunist countries, scholars and democratic activists alike have lamented the absence or obliteration of traditions of independent civic engagement and a widespread tendency toward passive reliance on the state. To those concerned with the weakness of civil societies in the developing or postcommunist world, the advanced Western democracies and above all the United States have typically been taken as models to be emulated. There is striking evidence, however, that the vibrancy of American civil society has notably declined over the past several decades.
Ever since the publication of Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America, the United States has played a central role in systematic studies of the links between democracy and civil society. Although this is in part because trends in American life are often regarded as harbingers of social modernization, it is also because America has traditionally been considered unusually "civic" (a reputation that, as we shall later see, has not been entirely unjustified).
When Tocqueville visited the United States in the 1830s, it was the Americans' propensity for civic association that most impressed him as the key to their unprecedented ability to make democracy work. "Americans of all ages, all stations in life, and all types of disposition," he observed, "are forever forming associations. There are not only commercial and industrial associations in which all take part, but others of a thousand different types -- religious, moral, serious, futile, very general and very limited, immensely large and very minute. . . . Nothing, in my view, deserves more attention than the intellectual and moral associations in America."
Recently, American social scientists of a neo-Tocquevillean bent have unearthed a wide range of empirical evidence that the quality of public life and the performance of social institutions (and not only in America) are indeed powerfully influenced by norms and networks of civic engagement. Researchers in such fields as education, urban poverty, unemployment, the control of crime and drug abuse, and even health have discovered that successful outcomes are more likely in civically engaged communities. Similarly, research on the varying economic attainments of different ethnic groups in the United States has demonstrated the importance of social bonds within each group. These results are consistent with research in a wide range of settings that demonstrates the vital importance of social networks for job placement and many other economic outcomes.
Meanwhile, a seemingly unrelated body of research on the sociology of economic development has also focused attention on the role of social networks. Some of this work is situated in the developing countries, and some of it elucidates the peculiarly successful "network capitalism" of East Asia. Even in less exotic Western economies, however, researchers have discovered highly efficient, highly flexible "industrial districts" based on networks of collaboration among workers and small entrepreneurs. Far from being paleoindustrial anachronisms, these dense interpersonal and interorganizational networks undergird ultramodern industries, from the high tech of Silicon Valley to the high fashion of Benetton.
The norms and networks of civic engagement also powerfully affect the performance of representative government. That, at least, was the central conclusion of my own 20-year, quasi-experimental study of subnational governments in different regions of Italy. Although all these regional governments seemed identical on paper, their levels of effectiveness varied dramatically. Systematic inquiry showed that the quality of governance was determined by longstanding traditions of civic engagement (or its absence). Voter turnout, newspaper readership, membership in choral societies and football clubs -- these were the hallmarks of a successful region. In fact, historical analysis suggested that these networks of organized reciprocity and civic solidarity...
Introduction Part One: Cultures (Cultures of Our Past Culture of Our Future RO, Extended RW, Revived Cultures Compared) Part Two: Economies (Two Economies: Commercial and Sharing Hybrid Economies Economy Lessons) Part Three: Enabling the Future (Reforming Law Reforming Us Conclusion)
This article explores the concept of sharing in three distinct spheres: Web 2.0, whose constitutive activity is sharing (links, photos, status updates, and so on); “sharing economies” of production and consumption; and intimate interpersonal relationships, in which the therapeutic ethos includes a cultural requirement that we share our emotions. It is argued that a range of distributive and communicative practices—not all of which are entirely new—are converging under the metaphor of sharing. Thus, practices in one sphere are conceptualized in terms of practices from other spheres. What all three spheres of sharing have in common are values such as equality, mutuality, honesty, openness, empathy, and an ethic of care. Moreover, they all challenge prevalent perceptions of the proper boundary between the public and the private.
Access-based consumption, defined as transactions that can be market mediated but where no transfer of ownership takes place, is becoming increasingly popular, yet it is not well theorized. This study examines the nature of access as it contrasts to ownership and sharing, specifically the consumer-object, consumer-consumer, and consumer-marketer relationships. Six dimensions are identified to distinguish among the range of access-based consumptionscapes: temporality, anonymity, market mediation, consumer involvement, the type of accessed object, and political consumerism. Access-based consumption is examined in the context of car sharing via an interpretive study of Zipcar consumers. Four outcomes of these dimensions in the context of car sharing are identified: lack of identification, varying significance of use and sign value, negative reciprocity resulting in a big-brother model of governance, and a deterrence of brand community. The implications of our findings for understanding the nature of exchange, consumption, and brand community are discussed.
The purpose of this study is to examine the role social networking technologies play in the moral economy of alternative tourism. The study takes as its empirical focus the online hospitality exchange network Couchsurfing. Using the concept of ‘moral affordances’, the analysis outlines the way Couchsurfing’s technical systems, software design, and search algorithms enable participants to engage in a moral economy based on the non-commodified provision of accommodation to strangers and personal relations of trust and intimacy. Findings suggest that these affordances are not isolated effects of the technologies themselves, but rather reflect a broader moral landscape in which alternative tourism is performed.
Using the Random Graph Hypothesis, the statistical validity of co-citation graphs has been investigated as a function of co-citation strength for a given value of citation frequency. The results show that for both high and low values of co-citation strength the partition of cited documents produced by the co-citation relationship may be statistically invalid. Critical thresholds can be identified that define the limits of statistical validity. Within these limits, there is a narrow region of statistical validity where the associated structures are not an artifact of the clustering procedure and can be interpreted. It is concluded that the choice of citation and co-citation thresholds can be influenced by formal considerations which insure statistically meaningful partitions rather than arbitrary decisions which can produce meaningless interpretations. Experimental and theoretical implications for the co-citation graph and other bibliometric structures are discussed.
We examine alternative consumption including collaborative consumption, sharing, and unconsumption (i.e., postconsumption activities such as upcycling, reuse, recycling, etc.) at non-monetary-based private and public sharing events including Really Really Free Markets (RRFMs). These alternative marketplaces (RRFMs) were initially organized by the Anarchist Movement as a form of resistance to the capitalist economic model. However, many consumer groups now utilize this model to stage public sharing events as a means of raising awareness about various issues including sustainability and overconsumption. Participants bring, share, and take goods without any expectation of monetary or other exchange. There is limited research on collaborative consumption and sharing in non-monetary marketplaces. We address this gap by exploring alternative marketplaces, organized by consumers for consumers, utilizing qualitative research methods. Our findings indicate that a sense of community is both a driver of participation and an outcome of these events. Organizers and participants utilize these venues to share knowledge and possessions for various ideological and practical reasons. Our findings also indicate that these events challenge the entrenched notions of exchange and reciprocity. Our research contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of community, collaboration, and changing consumer mindsets to the success of such sharing efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Le partage est défini comme une forme de distribution économique sans calcul de ce qui est obtenu en retour; à l'intérieur d'un groupe social; et selon la structure des rôles du groupe par sexe, âge et capacité. C'est une forme de distribution prédominante au niveau de la bande et dans les ménages et autres "économies intimes" dans toutes les sociétés. Le partage est décrit comme (1) un écoulement "asymétrique", (2) ordinairement entre des gens essentiellement différents, (3) qui ont des relations internes communes, et (4) qui est fondé sur des liens émotionnels aussi bien que rationnels.