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The results of different methods used in breeding of perennial flower cultivars in the Nikita Botanical Gardens
... The ability of introduced plants to tolerate adverse weather and climate conditions (drought, frosts, hard winds, etc.) was assessed based on our own observations and data of other researchers. Providing our investigations and giving recommendations we take into account trends of modern landscape gardening and studies of colleagues [7][8][9][10]. ...
The South-East Coast of the Crimea has been developing as recreational region. Green planting is one of the factors that improve its recreational attraction. So it is important to study cultivated here arboreal trees and shrubs for perfection their assortment for landscape gardening. We analyzed taxonomy and biomorphological structure, botanicgeographical origin of dendroflora, the history of introduction, and the present state of cultivated arboreal plants. At present cultivated dendroflora totals 229 species belonging to 107 genus of 27 families. Magnoliophyta occupies 86,0 % of species diversity and the leading role among them belongs to Rosaceae (27,4 %), Oleaceae (6,6%), Leguminosae (5,6%). Pinophyta occupies 14,0 % of species diversity and the leading role belongs to Cupressaceae (50,0 %). Species of Mediterranean flora dominate (31,4 %). The most of them are well adapted to local climatic and soil conditions and provide “Mediterranean” appearance to cultural landscapes. More than a half (62,9 %) of the species diversity are deciduous trees (38,4 %) and shrubs (24,5 %). The proportion of evergreen plants is lower: coniferous trees – 13,5 %, and evergreen shrubs – 13,1 %. Selecting assortment of ornamental arboreal trees and shrubs should correspond to their ability to withstand summer drought and winter low temperatures.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the cultivar composition of the Iris × hybrida hort. collection of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens according to bloom season and color classification. As a result of the analysis of phenological observations, the average long-term dates of the «beginning of flowering» phase in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea were determined for all collection cultivars. The definition of the studied cultivars according to the bloom season within the garden groups into early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering has been carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used in the practice of landscaping resort areas to create long blooming without a break compositions with the inclusion of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars from various garden groups. The definition of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars of NBS – NSC collection by color classes in accordance with the classification proposed by The American Iris Society was also carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used by landscape architects to create flower arrangements in specific color spectrum in combination with companion plants.
The article presents the results of studying the fruiting in 9 clematis cultivars under the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea. Morphometric characteristics of seeds, their weight and germination capacity are given. Potential and real seed production was assessed. It was found that the studied cultivars are characterized with high potential seed production, on average from 38.1 to 116.9 ovules per fruit, but relatively low real seed production, on average from 1.3 to 8.3 seeds per fruit. Among the studied cultivars, the largest number of viable seeds formed per plant was noted in 4 cultivars: ‘Jan Pawel II’, ‘Ramona’, ‘Elegia’ and ‘Juulii’. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding works as maternal parental forms.
Modern collections of flower-ornamental crops of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG) are formed as a result of long-term introduction and breeding researches begun, respectively, for Rosa L. in 1812 and 1824., for Syringa L. in 1813 and 1941, for Iris × hybrida hort. in 1812 and 1986, for Hemerocallis × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1995, for Clematis L. in 1817 and 1953, for Tulipa L. in 1812 and 1960, for Canna × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1948, for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. in 1812 and 1939. Each collection currently includes cultivars of both foreign and domestic selection, including those created in the NBG. The total amount of the collections is 2406 species, cultivars and forms. The collections of roses, clematises, cannas and chrysanthemums are the largest in the Russian Federation. The Rosa collection includes 35 garden groups from 36 existing ones, Syringa – 6 from 7 groups of flower coloring, Iris – all 6 existing garden groups, Clematis – 14 garden groups, Tulipa – 14 garden classes from 15, Canna – both existing garden groups, Chrysanthemum – all 11 classes of this crop. Thus, the formed collections quite fully reflect the created varietal diversity of each of these crops and provide a full material for further breeding and identification of adapted assortment for landscaping in the South of Russia.
The article presents the results of a long-term research on the introduction study and evaluation of cultivars of tea-hybrid roses introduced and selected by the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens to determine the possibilities of their use in floriculture of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The research was conducted in the period from 1955 to 2014. The material for the study was 679 cultivars of garden roses from the tea-hybrid garden group of the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. As a result of a comprehensive study, 400 cultivars are recommended for use in the floriculture of the Crimea. The main options for this use becomes the growing of tea-hybrid roses in the open ground for gardening purposes in bush and tree-shaped forms, as well as the growing cultivars for cutting in both open and protected ground. The biological features of the cultivars, which determine the possibility of different types of the use and the cultivars, that have these features were identified: 400 cultivars were recommended for use in landscaping in bush form, 45 cultivars - also in tree-shaped form, 226 cultivars are promising for cutting in the open ground and 107 cultivars - for forcing and cutting in greenhouses. The main methods of propagation of cultivars of tea-hybrid roses under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea are budding and rooting of green and hardwood cuttings. The optimal timing for propagation by each of these methods is indicated. The best rootstocks for budding were identified, depending on the type of their use in floriculture.
The article describes approaches to the study of fruiting cultivars Iris x hybrida hort. of the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens National Scientific Center of the garden group of high species, on the example of the cultivar 'Sky Hooks', and presents the primary processing of experimental data. The ratio of the average values of potential and actual seed productivity depends on: the number of generative shoots on the plant; the number of "levels" or branches on the generative shoot; the number of flowers and the number of fruits on the generative shoot; the number of fruits at a certain "level" of their location. Actual seed production of cultivars 'Sky Hooks' two times less potential, regardless of the number of generative shoots per plant, "level" location of the fetus, the number of "levels" on generative shoots, number of flowers and fruits on one generative shoots. The highest average values of potential and actual seed productivity correspond to the 3rd and 4th "levels".
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