No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life
Abstract
The effect of a grateful outlook on psychological and physical well-being was examined. In Studies 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions (hassles, gratitude listing, and either neutral life events or social comparison); they then kept weekly (Study 1) or daily (Study 2) records of their moods, coping behaviors, health behaviors, physical symptoms, and overall life appraisals. In a 3rd study, persons with neuromuscular disease were randomly assigned to either the gratitude condition or to a control condition. The gratitude-outlook groups exhibited heightened well-being across several, though not all, of the outcome measures across the 3 studies, relative to the comparison groups. The effect on positive affect appeared to be the most robust finding. Results suggest that a conscious focus on blessings may have emotional and interpersonal benefits.
... A gratidão é uma emoção positiva, socialmente orientada, que permite ao indivíduo observar e apreciar os aspectos positivos da vida e, ao lado disso, gera satisfação e retribuição em resposta a uma ação benéfica recebida por alguém (Froh et al., 2011). Ela desempenha um papel importante na construção e manutenção de relações sociais (Bartlett et al., 2012), com vistas à promoção de interações mais profícuas e que tragam bem-estar (Emmons e McCullough, 2003); melhorem a saúde física (Hill et al., 2013) e diminuam a solidão (O'Connell et al., 2016). Adicionalmente, a gratidão pode ser cultivada, o que justifica fortemente a realização de pesquisas sobre a temática, tal como apresentado por Monica Bartlett e Sarah Sarah Arpin (2019). ...
... A gratidão também tem sido discutida como uma emoção ou estado resultante de uma consciência e apreciação daquilo que é valioso e significativo para si mesmo. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que sentir-se grato aumenta a saúde física (Emmons e McCullough, 2003); promove reformulação de situações negativas que, por sua vez, aumenta a satisfação com a vida (Lambert et al., 2009). Além disso, quando os indivíduos se sentem gratos por ter recebido algo do outro, tende a se motivar a cuidar dele, o que estimula os comportamentos recíprocos e pro-sociais (Bartlett et al., 2012). ...
... Na busca por evidências de validade convergente com base na relação com variáveis externas (Estudo 3), o instrumento foi correlacionado com os afetos positivos e negativos, satisfação de vida e vitalidade e, posteriormente, foi testado um modelo de path análise para verificar o poder explicativo da gratidão em relação aos demais construtos. Apesar de haver relatos na literatura de que a gratidão pode estar associada ao aumento nos níveis de satisfação de vida e dos afetos positivos e consequente diminuição dos afetos negativos (Emmons e McCullough, 2003;Emmons e Stern, 2013), respectivamente os componentes cognitivo e afetivo (Diener et al., 2005; do Bem-estar subjetivo, no presente estudo não foram encontradas correlações ou potencial explicativo da gratidão nestas variáveis. A este respeito, uma consideração merece destaque. ...
Objetivamos construir e analisar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento para avaliar a gratidão em formato de julgamento situacional. Após a análise de juízes e estudo piloto, houve a exclusão de 6 itens dos 15 elaborados inicialmente. No estudo de busca de evidência de validade por meio da estrutura interna participaram 514 pessoas, sendo 56% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 14 e 72 anos, que responderam à Escala de Gratidão, Escala de Afetos, Escala de Vitalidade e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unidimensional composta por 9 itens. As mulheres apresentaram as maiores médias quando comparadas aos homens, tanto no julgamento como na autoavaliação da gratidão. A gratidão apresentou correlação, em sentido positivo com magnitude fraca, apenas com a vitalidade. Os dados indicaram evidências de validade com base no conteúdo do teste, consistência interna e na relação com variáveis externas para a Escala de Gratidão.
... . The results of this study are also reinforced by Wood., et al., that gratitude is related to life satisfaction, Emmons, & McCullough, 2003). Grateful individuals have high spirits, happy moods and are satisfied with the life they live (Wood, Froh & Geraghty, 2010). ...
... Grateful individuals have a high tendency to help with problems faced by others or provide emotional support to others (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Grateful individuals have the ability to socialize, emotional warmth, openness, sympathetic and empathetic attitudes, and behavior, and uphold humanistic values. ...
... Individuals who are in a state of gratitude have fewer physical complaints, spend more time exercising (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Psychological strength in dealing with stress due to illness, helping faster recovery from illness, and being able to enjoy excellent physical health (Emmons & Stern, 2013). ...
Gratitude is teaching about morality that concerns all aspects of human life. This study aims to determine the spiritual values of gratitude in the Qur'an in relation to character in Islamic education. Through a subjective-cum-objective hermeneutic approach, the research results show that gratitude contains several character values that are needed in Islamic education. These character values include, amanah, qonā'ah, istiqāmah, tawāḍu', tawakal, optimistic, creative, hard work and social care. The results of this study indicate that gratitude is the main character that contains religious and social character values based on belief and faith in God. These character values are needed in achieving the goals of Islamic education.
... Gratitude is defined as an individual's positive emotional response to others' assistance and kindness (Grant & Gino, 2010;Mccullough et al., 2001;Spence et al., 2014;Tsang, 2006), which includes trait gratitude and state gratitude. State gratitude is a positive emotion of short duration and can change dramatically (Emmons & Mccullough, 2003;McCullough et al., 2004). It is generally activated by specific events or circumstances referring to the receipt of material or non-material assistance from others in everyday life and work (Mccullough et al., 2001). ...
... It is demonstrated that state gratitude interacts with high and low arousal-positive emotions (McCullough et al., 2008) and can affect subjective well-being by boosting positive experiences and buffering negative affects (Nelson, 2009;Ouweneel et al., 2014). Interventions that encourage participants to reflect on gratitude for a person, an object, or a particular moment contribute to increased subjective well-being, greater life satisfaction, the feeling of optimism and self-esteem, as well as reduced negative affect (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Froh et al., 2008;Rash et al., 2011). For example, interventions to induce gratitude could aid older adults and patients in alleviating anxiety and depression symptoms, improving mental health and maintaining relational well-being (Cregg & Cheavens, 2021;Dickens, 2017;Emmonse & Mccullough, 2003). ...
... Bohlmeijer et al. (2021) revealed that long-term practices of gratitude interventions did increase well-being, despite failure to reduce distress. Giving even brief gratitude interventions, such as meditating or memorizing previous positive experiences for a few sustained minutes, helped improve immediate mood (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Watkins et al., 2003;Wood et al., 2010). ...
The positive effect of nostalgia provides an effective way to improve subjective well-being. However, there is little research on the relationship between nostalgia and subjective well-being, especially the mechanism of this link. This study tested the positive effects of nostalgia on emotional well-being (positive affect and negative affect) and cognitive well-being (satisfaction with life) via gratitude. Two experiments were conducted in samples of young adults who were randomized to experimental or control conditions. The analyses involved group comparisons as well as regression-based analyses of mediation. In Experiment 1 (N = 196), we induced nostalgia using a guided autobiographical recall procedure. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and gratitude, and gratitude partially mediated the association between nostalgia and positive affect. In Experiment 2 (N = 102), we induced nostalgia by showing a nostalgic video from the period when the participants were children. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and lower negative affect, and gratitude partially mediated these associations. The findings suggest that nostalgia could improve emotional well-being by increasing gratitude, but may not alter cognitive well-being.
... When researchers examined gratitude's etymology, they interpreted it as a state of being grateful to others or a mind to repay a favor [9]. Expression of gratitude is the most basic positive activity in human society [10], and major religions, such as Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, have emphasized it as a core virtue for individuals [11]. ...
... For instance, Lee and Shim [14] found that gratitude has positive effects on students' overall college life, such as improving academic achievement and attachment to the college. In addition, when college students write a gratitude diary, their ego resilience increases [15][16][17] thus, the more gratitude a person has, the more they feel happy and optimistic [10,18,19]. Regarding gratitude scales, Watkins et al. [20] developed the Gratitude, Resentment and Appreciation Test (GRAT) to separately measure gratitude influenced by subjective elements primarily in three factors: awareness of affluence; gratitude in daily life; and gratitude to others. ...
Humans feel happy when they experience positive emotions; gratitude is a significant inducer of positive emotions. This study investigates perceptions of gratitude among South Korean college students using the Q methodology, which enables the examination of individuals’ subjectivity. We collected 227 statements from a Q population through literature reviews, paper reviews, interviews, and questionnaire surveys; from them statements, we selected 40 Q samples. The P samples included 46 college students at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, and we performed data analysis with Principal Component Factor Analysis using the Quanl program. Using the results of this study, we classified gratitude into five types: Type 1 active gratitude through expression; Type 2 passive gratitude depending on conditions; Type 3 gratitude through relationships; Type 4 gratitude through internal satisfaction, and; Type 5 gratitude through materials. The results point to differences in experiences of gratitude that depend on conditions and environments, and by type. Researchers and administrators can use the results of this study to understand South Korean college students’ perspectives and perceptions when planning and implementing gratitude programs that prioritize their happiness.
... Luego de la implementación de la misma, se obtuvieron resultados favorables, debido a que las puntuaciones en los indicadores de la depresión de los estudiantes disminuyeron. La mejora observada por los participantes es similar a lo encontrado en otros trabajos realizados en donde se presentan dificultades emocionales (Ciarrochi et al., 2016;Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Fredrickson, 2001;Fredrickson y Levenson, 1998;Seligman et al., 2006). ...
... Dichos resultados son congruentes con los encontrados en las investigaciones (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Pan et al., 2022;Seligman et al., 2006) que incorporan seis semanas de ejercicios relacionados con la mejora de las emociones positivas en estudiantes. ...
El presente estudio expone los resultados de una intervención basada en psicología positiva cuyo objetivo fue disminuir los niveles de depresión en jóvenes universitarios. Previamente se realizó un diagnóstico aplicando instrumentos de medición de manera grupal. Se seleccionó a participantes (n = 3) para efectuar una intervención de cinco sesiones para cada caso, utilizando técnicas basadas en psicología positiva. Respondieron instrumentos (pre y post intervención) sobre emocionalidad positiva, negativa y depresión. Los resultados revelaron cambios favorables en los participantes al terminar las sesiones. Luego de la intervención, se observa una disminución en los niveles medios de depresión, una reducción de emociones negativas y un incremento de las emociones positivas de los estudiantes, con niveles superiores a los que mostraron antes de la intervención. Se concluye que la intervención con técnicas basadas en psicología positiva puede mejorar la salud emocional de los universitarios, disminuir su sintomatología depresiva y aumentar sus emociones positivas.
... Salah satu wujud ilmu yang diajarkan di pesantren melalui fungsi edukasi adalah gratitude atau rasa syukur. Gratitude dapat diartikan sebagai keadaan yang memiliki unsur perasaan positif, ungkapan terimakasih dan penghargaan atas kenikmatan yang individu dapatkan (Emmons & McCullough, 2003) sehingga individu dapat mengapresiasi dengan cara memberikan timbal balik yang positif atas segala sesuatu yang telah individu terima. Berangkat dari hal ini, individu yang bersyukur akan cenderung memberikan manfaat kepada orang lain atau lingkungan, salah satunya yakni perilaku prososial. ...
... Berangkat dari hal ini, individu yang bersyukur akan cenderung memberikan manfaat kepada orang lain atau lingkungan, salah satunya yakni perilaku prososial. Hasil penelitian yang sesuai dengan uraian di atas pernah diteliti oleh Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Kendler, 2003;Bartlett & DeSteno, 2006;Amawidyati & Utami, 2007;Pitaloka & Ediati, 2015, yang menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif antara gratitude dengan prososial, artinya semakin tinggi tingkat gratitude maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat perilaku prososial dan sebaliknya. ...
... On the other hand, heartfulness can also take the form of gratitude [40] directed toward others. It consists of two elements: the recognition that a positive outcome was achieved for oneself and the recognition that an external source, that is, another person, is responsible for it. ...
... Furthermore, it is interesting that focusing on health reasons when choosing one's diet predicts higher scores in gratitude. To feel grateful, a person must first recognize a positive outcome for oneself [40], which requires a certain awareness of one's well-being and health. As gratitude is defined as an "empathic emotion" whose roots lie in the ability to empathize with others [41], a general awareness of one's own body, sensations, thoughts, and emotions might be the base for relating to others. ...
Background: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness. Methods: In total, 419 persons participated. After providing demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related information, participants completed a gratitude questionnaire, a self-compassion scale, a compassion scale, and an equanimity scale. Results: The results show that vegans and vegetarians indicated higher scores than omnivores in some aspects of heartfulness, such as both self-compassion scales. These effects could not be shown for the two equanimity scales and for the gratitude questionnaire. Most aspects of heartfulness could either be predicted by demographic or diet-related variables. The best predictors of the elements of heartfulness were the ecological, ethical, or health-related reasons for choosing their diet stated by the participants, as well as the importance the participants attached to nutrition. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that vegans and vegetarians scored higher in several aspects of heartfulness. Vegans tended to score even higher than vegetarians. Both demographic and diet-related variables could predict heartfulness.
... (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) [8] In mental health disorders, with a decrease in exercise, social engagement, attention to activities of daily living, sleep, education, work, ability to distract from negative thoughts, meaning in life and self-esteem, there comes a spiral downward with further worsening of symptomatology and function [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Early attention to these parameters can arrest this downwards spiral, and improvement in these parameters can improve mood and functioning [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. A GP can work with the person to agree on goals relating to these parameters to form the basis of a management plan. ...
... Gratitude is something that may not come naturally to many people with mental health problems, particularly those with depression [20]. The spiral downward can be reversed by finding three things each day to be grateful for and why [21,22]. These could be written in a journal or be photos, drawings, newspaper cutting, notes from friends etc. ...
Background: Mental health disorders are common throughout the world and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of morbidity, mortality and health expenditure. General Practitioners are the most likely first 'port of call' but may not have enough time, training or resources to properly assess, manage, monitor or prevent mental health problems.
... Gratitude is derived from the Latin word gratia that represents grace, graciousness, and gratefu1ness and implies kindness, generosity, gift, good of receiving and giving, and asking for no return [43]. Lazar and Lazarus (1994) [44] held that gratitude is a kind of empathic emotion; that is, when the individual receives certain profit, he or she can discern other people's contribution to himself/herself, and consider that other people provide a valuable, and altruistic help, so that the individual generates gratitude. ...
... Second, gratitude and prosocial behavior were strongly positively correlated, which supports the perspective advanced and the research conducted by McCullough, et al(2002) [6], [43], and Froh and Bono (2008) [59], who believed that gratitude and prosocial behavior are positively correlated. That is, they believed that those who are more grateful are characterized by more empathy, forgiveness, and helpfulness. ...
... Definitions and determinants of these reactions are different, as well as their outcomes. For instance, gratitude, defined both as a trait (McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002) and as a state to respond with a grateful emotion towards a received benefit (Emmons and McCullough, 2003), is reported to be correlated with various well-being indicators (Algoe and Haidt, 2009;Emmons and McCullough, 2003;Froh, Yurkevicz, and Kashdan, 2009;McCullough, et al., 2002;McCullough, Tsang, and Emmons, 2004;Wood, Joseph, and Maltby, 2009), whereas indebtedness, defined as "a person's feelings of obligation to repay another" (Greenberg and Wescot, 1983), is reported to be related with negative emotions and outcomes (Fisher, Nadler, and Whitcher-Alagna, 1982; Goei and Boster, 2005; Oğuz-Duran, 2020). Similarly, guilt is defined as a negative evaluation of a single act of behaviour, whereas shame is defined as a condemnation of the whole self, and therefore has been reported to be a more painful emotion than guilt (Lewis, 1971;Tangney, 1990;Tangney, Stuewig and Mashek, 2007). ...
... Definitions and determinants of these reactions are different, as well as their outcomes. For instance, gratitude, defined both as a trait (McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002) and as a state to respond with a grateful emotion towards a received benefit (Emmons and McCullough, 2003), is reported to be correlated with various well-being indicators (Algoe and Haidt, 2009;Emmons and McCullough, 2003;Froh, Yurkevicz, and Kashdan, 2009;McCullough, et al., 2002;McCullough, Tsang, and Emmons, 2004;Wood, Joseph, and Maltby, 2009), whereas indebtedness, defined as "a person's feelings of obligation to repay another" (Greenberg and Wescot, 1983), is reported to be related with negative emotions and outcomes (Fisher, Nadler, and Whitcher-Alagna, 1982; Goei and Boster, 2005; Oğuz-Duran, 2020). Similarly, guilt is defined as a negative evaluation of a single act of behaviour, whereas shame is defined as a condemnation of the whole self, and therefore has been reported to be a more painful emotion than guilt (Lewis, 1971;Tangney, 1990;Tangney, Stuewig and Mashek, 2007). ...
... Secara khusus, rasa syukur dapat dianggap sebagai pengaruh prososial karena merupakan tanggapan terhadap perilaku yang dilakukan orang lain untuk berkontribusi pada kesejahteraan seseorang dan mungkin benar-benar memotivasi munculnya perilaku prososial(McCullough dkk., 2001). Dilansir dariEmmons dan McCullough (2003), selain dicirikan sebagai kebajikan moral dan sebagai emosi positif, Kebersyukuran juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap, kebiasaan, ciri kepribadian dan respons koping.Bersumber dari Merriam Webster Dictionary (n.d.), dijelaskan bahwa definisi dari Kebersyukuran adalah keadaan bersyukur. Selanjutnya, dalam APA Dictionary (n.d.) dijelaskan bahwa pengertian dari Kebersyukuran adalah rasa syukur dan kebahagiaan saat menerima hal kebaikan, baik manfaat nyata (misalnya, hadiah, bantuan) yang diberikan oleh seseorang ataupun suatu kebetulan yang bermakna positif (misalnya, hari yang indah). ...
The researcher assumes that by regularly attending ‘Pengajian Majelis Taklim’, it will make the individual know more deeply about the religion of Islam which is believed to surely lead him to the path of truth—the path that is blessed by Allah SWT. Therefore, this religious activity will increase the individual level of religiosity and gratitude. This study used a purposive sampling technique on 139 ‘Jemaah’ who regularly attend the ‘Majelis Taklim Ustaz Kembar’, Bogor. To measure religiosity, the researcher used The Centrality of religiosity scale (CRS) created by Huber dan Huber (2012), modified by Purnomo dan Suryadi (2018), then modified by Putra (2020), then modify by the researcher. For measuring gratitude, the researcher used The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6) created by McCullough et al. (2002), then modify by the researcher. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test in this study has a sig value. 0.200, Pearson correlation test in this study is 0.532 with a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05. Finding of this research is religiosity has positive correlation with gratitude among ‘Jemaah Majelis Taklim’. In this study, there were also other interesting findings, specifically that there was no correlation between Frequency Aspect of Gratitude with Religiosity (sig. 0.586 > 0.05). Furthermore, it is also known that there is no correlation between Ideology Dimension of Religiosity with Frequency Aspect (sig. 0.054 > 0.05), Span Aspect (0.072 > 0.05) and Density aspect (0.128 > 0.05) of Gratitude. These results indicate that a sense of gratitude towards Allah SWT with a sense of gratitude for the good things that have been obtained by individual in their lives is a separate thing.
... Thus, universities should help students develop purpose in life through purpose discussion, the purpose-centered system of education, and purpose toolkit. On the other hand, previous studies indicated that listing weekly or daily up to five things for which to be grateful can increase the gratitude of college students (Emmons & McCullough, 2003), writing a gratitude letter and deliver it in person can increase the gratitude of children and adolescents in a school setting (Froh et al., 2009), and prayer or meditation can provide individuals with a potent and readily available opportunity to cultivate and express gratitude (Davis et al., 2016). Thus, universities should cultivate gratitude of students with simple exercises such as gratitude list, gratitude letter, and grateful contemplation. ...
... Gratitude is the ability to value and appreciate the positive aspects of one's life (Wood et al., 2010), defined by the understanding that one's life has been positively influenced by another's kindness (Chaplin et al., 2019;McCullough et al., 2002). Past studies have consistently linked gratitude interventions to more positive emotional functioning and social relationships in various populations, including in HCWs, as well as to decreased depressive symptoms (Cheng et al., 2015;Cook et al., 2018;Dickens, 2017;Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Killen & Macaskill, 2014;Redwine et al., 2016). Past research has also shown correlations between gratitude, increased meaningfulness in life, and sustained positive effects past the intervention period (Jans-Beken et al., 2020;Killen & Macaskill, 2014). ...
Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental well-being of health care workers (HCWs). This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of two psychological interventions, gratitude journaling or cognitive strategies, on pediatric HCWs.
Method:
A pilot randomized parallel repeated measures design was used, with a convenience sample of 59 HCWs. Data were collected before and after the intervention period, 2 weeks after, and again 6 months later. Outcomes included depression, anxiety, meaning and purpose, feasibility, and acceptability.
Results:
Thirty-seven participants completed the study. The majority were nurses (registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses) and physicians. In both groups, depression and anxiety scores diminished, but changes were not statistically significant. The study was feasible to conduct, and subjects reported high acceptability.
Discussion:
Gratitude journaling and cognitive strategies may help mental well-being in HCWs; however, future studies with larger samples are needed.
... Many researchers have developed and examined positive writing interventions, such as spending a week writing down three things that went well each day and their reasons (Seligman, Rashid, & Parks, 2006;Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005), reflecting on past events and writing a list of things to be grateful for (Emmons & McCullough, 2003), and reporting well-being episodes (Fava, 1999). Various studies reported that expressive writing provided a positive impact on follow-up measurements, but it also carries a risk of negative emotions right after writing. ...
The world is gradually recovering from the coronavirus outbreak, which was first declared in early 2020 and the pandemic is slowly shifting into an endemic. This transition has brought a profound effect on individuals' mental states. Grief over the loss of loved ones and general suffering appear simultaneously with gratitude because of receiving social support and surviving among many other things. One of the effective and inexpensive interventions to deal with depression is expressive writing. To date, this intervention is still popular. There are two types of expressive writing, the first is writing down negative events, and the second is writing positive things or gratitude writing. These two writing techniques are generally not combined and alone rarely result in immediate effect (Baikie & Wilhelm, 2005). The purpose of this research is to find out the immediate effect of expressing negative events as well as gratitude writing, combining the two writing techniques with the perspective of cathartic-insight theory and gratitude. In the course of this research, expressive-gratitude writing was carried out for three consecutive days. The participants wrote about negative events on the first day, the impact of negative events from the perspective of others on the second, and on the last day, they wrote a letter of gratitude and learning. Immediately after completing the tasks, the depression level of the research participants (N=50, M-age= 33.69; n-woman= 40, n-man= 10) was measured using the BDI-II (21 items) and the Gratitude Questionnaire (6 items). The statistical test using the paired t-test revealed a significant decrease in the BDI-II average score and a significant increase in the gratitude average score. In contrast to previous studies which found that the immediate effect of expressive writing was either enhancing distress or showing no effect whatsoever, this research suggested that the immediate effect of expressive-gratitude writing could significantly reduce negative emotions and increase gratitude.
... Adults and adolescents who more strongly endorsed gratitude traits reported greater life satisfaction, better health outcomes, and more successful relationships (see [5][6][7][8][9]). Yet, beyond these individual benefits, gratitude may drive youth to pursue other types of intrinsic goals and fulfill higher-order needs (such as self-expression, purpose, and selfactualization [10]). ...
Scholars posit that gratitude may enhance other-oriented beliefs and behaviors and dampen self-oriented ones through a cycle of upward generativity. We examined associations between gratitude as an indicator of self-orientation (i.e., materialism and entitlement) and other orientation (i.e., connection to nature; attitudes, beliefs, and conversations about social justice; prosocial behavior) in the US youth across six months as moderated by race/ethnicity and gender. Specifically, Study 1 evaluated the psychometric performance of the gratitude moments scale in a more racially and ethnically diverse sample than that included in the original scale development. In study 2, we evaluated pre-registered hypotheses among the youth who completed surveys in October 2020 and again in January 2021 (n = 812). These hypotheses tested (1) whether there were ethnic/racial differences in the measure of children’s gratitude; (2) whether there were reciprocal associations over time between children’s gratitude and indices of self and other orientation; and (3) whether these reciprocal associations varied as a function of youth race/ethnicity and gender. The results of study 1 found that the gratitude moments scale demonstrated high reliability and validity in racially/ethnically diverse young adolescents (n = 89). Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis in study 2, we found only one difference in how the gratitude moments scale performed as a function of race/ethnicity or gender. In cross-lagged panel models, gratitude moments did not predict subsequent self- and other-orientation indices, though youth with lower social justice attitudes and greater prosocial behavior showed increases in later gratitude moments. Prosocial behavior was more strongly and consistently related to self- and other-orientation indices than gratitude. These findings are consistent with models of prosocial behavior as a catalyst for the development of additional forms of other-oriented beliefs, attitudes, and actions that may underlie the development of an other-oriented purpose.
... Additionally, it was shown that positive activities can reinforce each other and determine an upward spiral (Fredrickson & Joiner, 2002). For instance, people who counted their blessings were reported to exercise more than individuals who were told to count their daily stressors (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Engaging in positive activities was also reported to satisfy psychological needs such as connectedness, competence, autonomy, and control , which are all relevant for positive ageing. ...
Happiness represents an important driving force for individuals at any life stage and continues to be so in midlife and older age. While ageing is usually associated with experiencing less happiness, research findings show that people tend to be happier as they grow older (i.e. the positivity effect). In this chapter, I will examine happiness in midlife and older age, including attempts to explain the age-related positivity effect. In this sense, I will describe how happiness is defined in midlife and older age and what factors can influence it. Additionally, I will examine how happiness can be measured objectively by using various scales and how middle-aged and older individuals describe happiness from their point of view. Next, I will consider the existing links between happiness and personal growth in all life domains (i.e. cognitive, emotional, social, personality, physical). Starting from the existing evidence-base and theoretical models concerning happiness in midlife and older age, I will then go on to examine how can positive psychology principles and developmental assets be applied to design interventions to promote happiness among middle-aged and older adults.
... The few participants who experienced enhanced life satisfaction attributed it to either increased efforts in values-behavior congruence or an increase in gratitude due to the values clarification process. Research suggests that gratitude has a robust, positive relationship with life satisfaction (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Park, Peterson, & Seligman, 2004;Wood, Joseph, & Maltby, 2008). This area requires further investigation. ...
... From there on, feeling grateful would then lead to experiences of heightened wellbeing, or being protected from depressive feelings; both effects of gratitude predicting greater wellbeing and reduced depression have been wellestablished patterns obtained from a range of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies (e.g. Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Wood et al., 2008Wood et al., , 2010. There is also another potential mechanism, involving reciprocal altruism, which could explain how gratitude could act as a mediator in relation to PBJW/GBJW-wellbeing/depression links. ...
Belief in a Just World (BJW) can be categorised into domains of how people view the fairness of their immediate social worlds (Personal Belief in a Just World–PBJW) and the wider world (General Belief in a Just World–GBJW). We conducted two studies with 179 (Study 1) and 364 (Study 2) participants to examine differential relationships that PBJW and GBJW could have in directly predicting mental wellbeing and depression and indirectly via three mediators of perceived control, optimism, and gratitude. Path analyses examined how well data from each study fit 13 different models. Models 1 to 4 tested whether PBJW directly and indirectly via the three mediators predicted wellbeing (Model 1) and depression (Model 3) and if GBJW likewise directly and indirectly predicted wellbeing (Model 2) and depression (Model 4). These four models had the best supported statistical fit for either Study 1 or 2 relative to other models. In both studies when explaining the effect of PBJW on wellbeing and depression, perceived control was the strongest mediator, followed by optimism, and then gratitude. When examining the effect of GBJW on wellbeing and depression, only perceived control and optimism were significant mediators. These studies affirm the need to assess GBJW and PBJW as separate phenomena, rather than combining these constructs or omitting PBJW, as is sometimes done.
... Whereas prior research has typically examined the unique predictive effects of each type of gratitude on well-being and health (Aghababaei et al., 2018;Aghababaei & Tabik, 2013;Rosmarin et al., 2011), we were interested in how they might interact with each other. Understanding how these different forms of gratitude may interact with well-being is a particularly important goal because issues of mental health and well-being have been growing in recent years (Aknin et al., 2022), and gratitude may be one method to improve overall well-being (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). ...
A growing body of research has focused on distinguishing general forms of gratitude from gratitude to God. We contributed to this area of research by examining correlates of personality traits and meaning in life in a cross-sectional study (N = 1,398). General gratitude was more strongly positively related to honesty-humility, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and meaning in life than gratitude to God. Moreover, gratitude to God moderated the positive relationship between general gratitude and meaning in life such that the relationship was stronger at lower than higher levels of gratitude to God. The results suggest that general forms of gratitude may be more important for well-being and positive traits than gratitude to God. General forms of gratitude may be particularly beneficial among less religious people, while gratitude to God may be particularly beneficial for people’s well-being among those who are less grateful in general.
... Pada prosesnya karier juga membutuhkan well being dan emosi yang positif, karena kedua hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan adaptasi dan resiliensi karier seseorang [11] Empati Bekerja dimasa pandemi tentunya membuat jiwa terkadang terasa sangat melelahkan dan membuat hati sedih akan tetapi subjek memiliki empati yang baik kepada sesama dengan tidak terlalu ikut campur urusan oranglain serta saling support satu sama lain dengan menguatkan dengan menyemangati diri sendiri merupakan salah satu hal yang dilakukan subjek untuk tetap dapat merasa bersyukur. Selain itu bersyukur ialah suatu kondisi emosional dan sikap terhadap hidup sebagai kekuatan manusia dalam meningkatkan pribadi dan berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan [12] ...
Resilience is an ability of self-resilience that every individual must have in living his life so that individuals are able to organize their lives well. The purpose of this study was to determine the resilience of female workers during the pandemic in Yogyakarta and the aspects affecting the resilience of female workers during the pandemic in Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative type with a phenomenological approach through the interview method with six informants. The results showed that women during the pandemic had good resilience by avoiding negative thoughts and trying to be individuals who built a positive life with family support as the first bastion so that informants maintain their spiritual and physical health. This triggered the informants to remain productive in order to build a happy and healthy family environment.
... To rule out alternative explanations, participants rated their state gratitude by assessing the extent to which they felt the following toward farmers: 'grateful' , 'thankful' , and 'appreciative' on a one (not at all) to seven (very much) scale (α = .96; Emmons and McCullough 2003). For worthiness, participants were asked to rate the extent to which they believed that farmers 'earned such recognition as conveyed in the advertisement' and 'deserve to be appreciated' on a one (not at all) to seven (very much) scale (r = .59; ...
This research investigates the use of advertised gratitude expressions by sincere brands. As sincere brands are well aligned with gratitude expressions, we theorize that a messaging strategy solely expressing gratitude fails to yield brand benefits beyond a message where gratitude is not expressed. However, sincere brands can reap more brand benefits when their advertised gratitude expression is perceived as effortful (e.g., thank you message coupled with a free product). We demonstrate that when sincere brands engage in these high-effort expressions of gratitude, consumers evaluate the brand more positively, an effect mediated by brand trust. We also explore when sincere brands may benefit from low-effort gratitude expressions. Specifically, we find that consumer reactions to low-effort acknowledgments are more favorable when consumers identify with the gratitude target. Based on these findings, we detail our contributions to theory and provide managerial implications for sincere brands wishing to express gratitude.
... In Emmons, RA, and McCullough's research entitled "Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life", broadly speaking, gratitude can be applied through the habituation method. Grateful individuals will obtain physical, social and subjective well-being (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). ...
A grateful personality is one of the essential elements in the personality development of students. This personality is reflected in verbal and deeds as a manifestation of acknowledgment in the heart for the blessings. This personality encourages students to appreciate and repay the kindness of others. This study aims to determine the level of gratitude of junior high school students in East Kalimantan. This study used a mixed-method approach. Respondents in this study were 714 people. The mean test results showed that the level of students' gratitude at Junior High Schools in East Kalimantan was very high, with an average score of 4.6. The teacher's strategies in instilling a grateful personality are with advice, exemplary, assignments, habituation, and activity programs at school. The methods are by providing materials (lectures, advice, discussions, and questions and answers related to gratitude), exemplary by providing examples of the values of gratitude, giving demonstration tasks, and practice in gratitude, giving the task of making a list of good things that have been felt and should be grateful for every day, habituation to good things (instilling the nature of qana'ah, giving appreciation and motivation, presenting a sense of empathy around oneself, inviting self-introspection, giving charity, helping others, spreading smiles, greetings, visiting friends or teachers who are sick or grieving), and school programs (dhuha and dzuhur prayers in congregation, reading the Qur'an, praying before starting lessons, and giving sadaqah every Friday at school). The results of this study may have an implication to become a policy regulation for schools to support the development of a grateful personality for students of Junior High School.
... Gratitude is recognized as a temporary feeling after receiving benefits or as a character strength . In the first case, the duration is limited, while as a character strength the person has the predisposition to experience it (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). ...
The COVID-19 outbreak has affected mental health worldwide, and especially among university students, who stopped attending lessons and had a long break from their social life. The present chapter presents the findings of a study aiming to investigate the relationship between distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and well-being dimensions (gratitude, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress) in this population. The sample consisted of 79 Greek university students, all emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 years. Participants completed self-report questionnaires including the satisfaction they experienced regarding distance learning, DASS-21, SHS, SWLS, GQ-6, and mDES. Overall, results showed that Greek university students experienced moderate levels of life satisfaction and positive affect and high levels of subjective happiness and gratitude, moderate stress levels, low anxiety and depression symptoms, and moderate negative affect levels. An important finding of the study is that there is an interaction between satisfaction with distance learning and all well-being indices, except subjective happiness. The findings provide suggestions for further research and applications in the field of education and counseling in emerging adulthood.KeywordsCOVID-19Distance learningGratitudeWell-beingEmerging adults
... Positive psychology has been translated into effective evidence-based interventions that promote positive well-being, called positive psychology interventions (PPIs). PPIs can focus on a broad range of activities such as writing gratitude diaries [21], delivering gratitude letters [22] and practicing visualising ones' best self [23,24]. ...
Community pharmacies are well‐placed to deliver well‐being interventions;however, to date, nothing has been produced specifically for this setting. The aim of this study was to develop a positive psychology intervention suitable for a community pharmacy setting with the goal of increasing the well‐being of community members. Methods: Intervention development consisted of three steps: Step 1—identify the evidence-base and well-being model to underpin the basis of the intervention (Version 1); Step 2—model the intervention and gather user feedback to produce Version 2, and Step 3—revisit the evidence-base and refine the intervention to produce Version 3. Results: Findings from nine studies (seven RCTs, one cross-sectional, one N-1 design plus user feedback were applied to model a 6-week ‘Prescribing Happiness (P-Hap)’ intervention, underpinned by the PERMA model plus four other components from the positive psychology literature (Three Good Things, Utilising Your Signature Strengths in New Ways, Best Possible Selves and Character Strengths). A PERMA-based diary was designed to be completed 3 days a week as part of the intervention. Conclusions: This work is an important development which will direct the future implementation of interventions to support well-being in this novel setting. The next stage is to gain the perspectives of external stakeholders on the feasibility of delivering the P-Hap for its adoption into community pharmacy services in the future.
... This is different from the positive emotions we attribute to ourselves; being proud of our own actions or achievements, for example (Schlosser, 2015). Gratitude has motivational properties (Bock et al., 2016), affects an individual's well-being (Emmons and McCullough, 2003), and is also related more to experiential consumption than to material consumption (Walker et al., 2016). ...
... 19,27 4. Daily exercise of writing gratitude diary, counting one's blessings can assist towards making day to day life easy and pleasant. 28 5. Positive behaviour in adolescence is associated with midlife wellbeing, high social interaction and engagement and few emotional difficulties. 29 6. ...
The present population of young people is 1.8 billion and they comprise one quarter of the world population. Their age ranges between 10-24 and is currently the largest in the history. Adolescent (age 10-19 years) can be a powerful agent of personal change and community development, so focus on adolescent health is pertinent to meet global health targets. Personal, school, family, community factors effect adolescent overall health. The age of onset of puberty has decreased and the age at which mature social roles are achieved is rising amidst the huge impact of social media. This generation is taking a different path through adolescence from previous generations and is facing new challenges to their health and wellbeing. In last few years factors like socio-economic development, less mortality, high migration, breaking down of families, increase in terrorism and age of social media have added to more psychological problems. Hence there is an increasing demand to focus on adolescent mental health issues. As a clinical Psychologist and a school counsellor, I work with school mental health wellbeing teams to support mental, emotional, behavioural, and social wellbeing of students. I advocate positive psychology in schools and can confidently argue its many benefits towards enhancing overall wellbeing of students. In this paper, I have put forward a working “Positive Psychology Life-skills” curriculum triangular model (PPL model).
... Hal tersebut sejalan dengan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Ryff (1989) bahwa rasa syukur kesejahteraan psikologis seabagi bukan satu-satunya unsur yang memberi pengaruh, karena sebagai perwujudan perasaan ataupun emosinya, selanjutnya berkembang membentuk kebiasaan, sifat moral yang baik, suatu tindakan, sifat kepribadian serta akan memberi pengaruh kepada individu dalam menanggapi akan suatu keadaan (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Sejalan degan yang diungkapkan oleh Wood, dkk. ...
The Covid-19 pandemic that lasted for more than one year affected the psychological well-being of the community, including students. This study aimed to determine the effect of gratitude on psychological well-being in college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with data analysis techniques in the form of simple linear regression analysis. The population in this study amounted to 20,989 people, with total sample of 267 people, used cluster random sampling technique. The data collection technique used the Gratitude Scale and the Psychological well-being Scale. The results show that the significance value = 0.000 <0.05 so that H0 was rejected with the regression equation Y = 20.236 + 1.243x. There is an effect of gratitude on psychological well-being in undergraduate students of Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Tulungagung during the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, gratitude has on effects the psychological well-being of 26.7% of undergraduate students of UIN Tulungagung during the Covid-19 pandemic, and the remaining 73.3% are other factors.
This paper takes inspiration from Books III and IV of the Nicomachean Ethics, which discuss the ways in which the student of virtue can go wrong with respect to different vices. It uses this discussion to draw some conclusions about Aristotelian habituation. I will argue that habituation is an appropriate learning strategy for many kinds of students of virtue, not just children; that habituation is multi-faceted and involves habits of emotions, habits of reason and habits of action; and that habituation is messy because it reflects a messy subject matter. I will conclude with some thoughts on how educators can best respond to this messiness.
Many psychological treatments aim to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by modifying maladaptive patterns of cognitions, behavior, and other actions. The Things You Do Questionnaire (TYDQ) was developed to measure the frequency of actions that are associated with psychological health in a reliable and valid manner. The present study examined treatment-related change in the frequency of actions measured by the TYDQ. Using an uncontrolled single-group design, 409 participants with self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both received access to an 8-week internet-delivered treatment course based on cognitive behavior therapy. Most (77 %) participants completed the treatment, completed questionnaires at post-treatment (83 %), and obtained significant reductions in symptoms of depression (d = 0.88) and anxiety at post-treatment (d = 0.97), as well as improvement in a measure of satisfaction with life (d = 0.36). Factor analyses supported the five-factor structure of the TYDQ, including Realistic Thinking, Meaningful Activities, Goals and Plans, Healthy Habits, and Social Connections. Those participants who, on average, engaged in the identified actions on the TYDQ at least half the days of the week reported lower symptoms of depression and anxiety at post-treatment. The psychometric properties of both a longer 60-item (TYDQ-60) and shorter 21-item (TYDQ-21) version were acceptable. These findings provide further evidence that there are modifiable activities that are strongly associated with psychological health. Future studies will test the replicability to these results in in a broader range of samples, including those seeking psychological treatment.
Collectivism/Individualism is a key to grasping the differential consumer responses to CSR across generations in contemporary Korea. The study adopts a perspective that individualist/collectivist self-concepts coexist within an individual’s mind. To understand the differential effects of individualist/collectivist self-concepts in CSR settings, <Study 1> utilized the “Worn Wear Program” of Patagonia and examined the relationships among ‘perceived self-sacrificial CSR’, ‘consumer gratitude’, and ‘consumer admiration’, focusing on moderation effects of individualist/collectivist self-concept between caucasian Americans and Koreans. <Study 1> discovered that both caucasian Americans and Korean consumers felt admiration to the company that had implemented self-sacrificial environmental CSR, which effect was partially mediated by consumer gratitude. Using Yuhan Kimberly’s environmental CSR, <Study 2> investigated the relationships among the aforementioned three constructs and consumer moral elevation, revealing that Korean consumers were morally elevated by self-sacrificial CSR, which was partially mediated by consumer gratitude and admiration. Interestingly, comparatively to caucasian Americans, Korean consumers with strong individualist self-concept showed a drastic increase in admiration as corporate sacrifice was highly perceived, which was the opposite tendency among consumers with strong collectivist self-concept. The results shed light on management, society as well as academics. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Whether personality changes or not over the lifespan has been the subject of a long debate in developmental research. Contrary to assumptions that personality development stops around the age of 30, individuals continue to evolve, and certain traits may get accentuated or diminished while ageing. The present chapter will explore questions such as “how does personality change happen in midlife and older age?” and “is personality change an inevitable development process or something that happens because of conscious time and effort investment?” To answer these questions, the chapter will first define personality and explore how one can measure its development in midlife and older age. Second, it will go on to describe some theoretical models that explain personality development across midlife and older age. Third, the evidence base concerning experiences with personality change in middle and later adulthood will be discussed. Fourth, the chapter will examine how personality development is related to cognitive improvement, emotional and social growth, and physical development. Finally, the chapter will provide some ideas concerning how to foster personality development in midlife and older age by using positive psychology intervention principles.
Physical ageing is present in our daily lives when we look in the mirror, when we worry about age-related diseases or loss of physical strength, or when we are exposed to advertisements for anti-ageing products. These thoughts and settings have a focus on decline and loss in common but leave us wondering what physical development can mean in midlife and older age and how to encourage it. The present chapter aims to define physical ageing and explores the bodily developments that can happen in older age. Furthermore, the chapter examines how individuals experience and cope with biological ageing. In this context, the chapter presents several methods concerning how one could measure physical development in middle age or late life and reviews qualitative data on people’s perspectives on age-related bodily changes and health issues. Next, the chapter examines how physical development is related to other areas of growth in older age (e.g. cognitive, emotional, social, personality). Last, but not least, the chapter discusses how a positive psychology approach can be applied to intervene and shape physical development in midlife and older age by increasing individual strengths and boosting developmental assets.
When setting out to reach our developmental goals in various life domains (e.g. physical, cognitive, emotional, social, personality), we need theory and evidence-based interventions to guide us on our journey of personal growth. This chapter aims to explore what type of interventions can be effective in fostering development in middle and older age and how to design these. In this sense, it describes some models that can provide a good theoretical frame for developmental interventions. Additionally, the chapter proposes several positive psychology strategies that can be used to stimulate development across midlife and old age. The first part of the chapter focuses on how to use theoretical models from developmental and positive psychology to formulate intervention aims and identify suitable change strategies. The second part of the chapter deals with how to apply positive psychology principles to design developmental interventions for middle-aged and older individuals. In this context, the chapter includes some examples to provide guidance for designing interventions that target positive development in midlife and older age.
A variety of positive psychology intervention (PPI) activities can increase subjective well‐being. Still, there is variability in the impact of various PPI activities across people. In two studies, we examine strategies for personalizing a program of PPI activities to efficiently increase subjective well‐being. In Study 1 (N = 516), we examined participants' beliefs about and employment of various PPI activity selection strategies. Participants favored self‐selection over weakness‐based, strength‐based, or random activity assignments. When making activity selections for themselves, they reported using the weakness‐based strategy the most. The tendency to make weakness‐based activity selections related to negative affect whereas strengths‐based activity selections related to positive affect. In Study 2 (N = 112), we randomly assigned participants to complete a set of five PPI activities allocated either randomly, based on their skill weaknesses, or based on their self‐selections. Completing life‐skills lessons significantly increased subjective well‐being from baseline to post‐test. Furthermore, we found evidence for added benefits in terms of subjective well‐being, broad well‐being outcomes, and skills improvement of the weakness‐based and self‐selection personalization strategies compared with the random assignment of these activities. We discuss the implications for research, practice, and the well‐being of individuals and societies offered by the science of PPI personalization.
Gratitude is essential in positive organizational scholarship and is said to flourish and prosper organization members. This article aims to investigate the role of gratitude in transforming a toxic workplace into a collaborative work environment by exploring the mediating role of psychological capital (Psycap). The results reveal that gratitude practiced by the employees at the workplace can counter workplace toxicity and enhance a collaborative work environment, creating harmony in society. The study proposes the institutionalization of a gratitude-based organizational culture that prevents workplace toxicity and supports a collaborative work environment. The study is one of the pioneer studies that tried to unlock the “black box” through which dispositional gratitude can help build workplace harmony and collaboration.
Growing evidence shows that positive psychology interventions (PPIs) are able to enhance positive emotions. However, less is known about the specific role of high and low arousal positive emotions within such interventions. The goal of the current study is to examine the effect of different types of PPIs on high and low arousal emotions and to explore whether high and low arousal positive emotions serve as mediators for the intervention effects on mental well-being. Post-hoc tests of three formerly published randomized controlled trials were conducted in comparison with waitlist control: (1) a multicomponent PPI (N = 275), (2) a comprehensive gratitude intervention (N = 144), and (3) an acts of kindness intervention (N = 216). Findings showed that the multicomponent PPI improved low arousal emotions, while the gratitude intervention marginally improved high arousal positive emotions. The acts of kindness intervention was not more effective in improving positive emotions compared to waitlist control. Similar conclusions could be drawn from the mediation analyses, yielding most pronounced results for low arousal positive emotions mediating the effect of the multicomponent PPI on mental well-being. The current study provides first evidence that the upward spiral of positive emotions might depend on the type of PPI and its impact on high and in particular low arousal positive emotions.
The parental separation among left-behind children in China imposes a huge burden on their mental health and well-being. These children, living alone while their parents migrate for work, suffer from severely undermined health and interpersonal relationships, including increased susceptibility to depression, emotional and behavioral problems, anxiety, and aversive states such as loneliness. Fortunately, extensive research has identified protective factors against these negative impacts, such as resilience, self-esteem, and psychological capital. Positive psychology, a field of study that focuses on promoting the “goods” to increase the flourishing of people, can be a breakthrough source of solution that boosts these factors. This research protocol aims to examine a multi-component positive psychological intervention – Injoy – on promoting the well-being of middle-school-aged left-behind children in China through measuring subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, mental health, self-esteem, resilience, and psychological capital before and after the implementation of the eight-week internet-based intervention.
This study aimed to conduct a narrative review of the literatura to analyze the instruments used in clinical research for patient-reported outcomes measures in implant-supported oral rehabilitation. The search was conducted in index data bases of national and international journals without time restriction, in Portuguese and English, using the key words: dental implants, clinical research, patient-reported outcomes measures, quality of life. Currently, clinical studies should include results obtained through self- reporting of the perceived benefits of treatment in functional, psychological and social aspects. Most studies use instruments that add different dimensions of quality of life, such as GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index), DIDL (Dental Impacton Daily Living), OHIP (Oral Health Impact Profile), OHQoL-UK (W), OIDP (Oral impacts in daily presentations). In general, the itens in these questionnaires were formulated in a negative way, with a focuson problens, with OHIP-14 being the most used because it is simple, validated for several languages and consolidated for different clinical situations. Other positive psychology tools, such as the Rosenberg and McCullough questionnaires, have been suggested to assess the perception of self-esteen and gratitude, with a focus on long-term well-being and patient satisfaction. Qualitative or mixed method studies can also provide a better understanding of the results centered on patients undergoing rehabilitation with implants. Based on the observed literature, it is concluded that the study of patient-centered results can be enriched with the use of various methods to capture the patient's perception of the benefits of implant-supported rehabilitation. It is suggested the use of the OHIP-14, however, their use has limitations that can be partially met by the application of questionnaires related to positive psychology, as gratitude and self-esteen, which have positive fields.
This article explores and describes parent-adolescent dyads’ experiences of gratitude activities in a South African context. Our sample of six parent-adolescent dyads (n = 12) completed structured gratitude activities to participate in over a period of three weeks, followed by qualitative interviews regarding their experiences. Thematic analysis of the data yielded the following themes regarding the experience of gratitude activities: (i) positive experiences such as difference, pleasantness, challenge, and usefulness; (ii) a deeper understanding of gratitude, including becoming aware of things participants previously took for granted; and (iii) the relational value of spending time together. Our brief gratitude intervention appeared to have efficacy for mutually supportive relationships among the parent-adolescent dyads.
A felicidade é e sempre será uma busca incansável do ser humano. Ao longo da história da humanidade foi debatida e conceituada por vários filósofos, estudiosos e por quem não se cansa de tentar traduzir em palavras este conceito tão importante para a realização das pessoas. Sabe-se que para o encontro ou o alcance da felicidade são necessários alguns elementos importantes, que se bem entendidos, compreendidos e vividos podem resultar neste objetivo realizado, porém é preciso que haja mudanças pessoais e interpretação de algumas atitudes ao longo da vida. O objetivo principal do trabalho que segue, utilizando de uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e investigação em diversas fontes, com a utilização de diversos recursos de pesquisa, foi o de demonstrar os caminhos que contribuem para que talvez se descubra o que realmente é felicidade. Não somente uma, mas várias são as abordagens e os aspectos que contribuem para a descoberta da felicidade, desde as relações pessoais, a interpretação de situações ao longo da vida, a relação espiritual, o conhecimento sobre si próprioe o quanto cada um destes elementos representam e significam para cada pessoa. Entender a influência das necessidades apresentadas por Maslow contribui para este encontro do bem estar, do sentir-se bem, pleno, equilibrado e realizado, apresentando a conexão entre os mais diversos fatores e ações que interferem neste caminho e, independente se for vida pessoal ou profissional, a satisfação destas necessidades torna-se uma importante ferramenta para o alcance e concretização do encontro do bem estar, da plenitude e da realização intrínseca que leva o indivíduo ao encontro da felicidade. Portanto, felicidade pode depender de um conjunto de elementos e fatores, mas o importante é que ela, em dado momento acaba por existir, fazendo com que o indivíduo por si só tenha esta percepção e curta o momento feliz.
Researchers have become increasingly interested in exploring leaders’ behaviours that promote followers’ proactive behaviours, but the literature is limited to leadership styles and generally does not consider leader displays of emotion. In this study, the impact of leader expressions of gratitude on followers’ proactive behaviours was examined from a self-evaluative perspective. Data from a field study ( N = 184) and an experimental vignette study ( N = 150) in China supported our hypotheses that leader gratitude expressions were positively related to followers’ proactive behaviours. Role breadth self-efficacy and perceived social worth mediated the relationship between leader gratitude expressions and followers’ proactive behaviours. This mediating effect was strengthened for followers with high relational identification. These results contribute to a nuanced understanding of gratitude by shedding light on the phenomenon of leader gratitude expressions and their positive outcomes. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Gratitude interventions have been shown to reduce stress, but minimal research has examined domain- and stressor-specific gratitude interventions. This study assessed the impact of those gratitude interventions on stress and affect. Participants (N = 239) from the U.S. general population were randomized into one of three groups: domain-specific gratitude (gratitude list in seven domains), stressor-specific gratitude (gratitude list about a stressor in seven domains), or control (task completion list for seven days). The domain-specific gratitude group decreased in stress and negative affect and increased in positive affect from pre- to post-intervention and had lower stress and negative affect than the stressor-specific gratitude group post-intervention. The stressor-specific gratitude group increased in stressor-specific gratitude from pre- to post-intervention. The control group decreased in stress from pre- to post-intervention. Our findings suggest that a domain-specific gratitude intervention is beneficial for psychological health, and a stressor-specific gratitude intervention is beneficial for reframing stressors.
Human life is transparent, humans have different environments, different ways of thinking, feeling, and life goals; so that it often creates a sense of not understanding each other. In ancient times, mental health was only limited to people with mental disorders and was not intended for the general public. But with the development of modern times, the view has shifted to that mental health is also important for the general public, starting from the ability to explore themselves and how to interact with the environment around them. One way to measure a company's good performance is to find out how effectively the company is achieving its goals. One of the main variables for the organization to achieve its goals is the result of maximum employee performance. But many employees' performance declines even just because of the problems they face, with feelings, the surrounding environment, and something that is wrestling in their minds. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out how these two things are related.
ABSTRAK Masa pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan beberapa akibat, yakni banyak perusahaan yang mengalami penurunan ekonomi, sehingga mereka memilih untuk melakukan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK). Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan berpikir positif dan rasa bersyukur dengan resiliensi pada karyawan yang terkena PHK, khususnya laki-laki yang bekerja dan untuk mengetahui cara mengembangkan resiliensi terhadap korban PHK. Metode menggunakan kuantitatif pendekatan korelasional. Data dikumpulkan melalui 3 macam kuesioner, yaitu berpikir positif, rasa beryukur, dan resiliensi diri. Responden berjumlah 99 orang yang berasal dari daerah Tambun Selatan yang mengalami Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja di perusahaan yang disebabkan penurunan ekonomi di dalam perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara berpikir positif dan rasa bersyukur dengan resiliensi diri. Lebih lanjut hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berpikir positif memiliki nilai korelasi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan rasa bersyukur. Kata Kunci : berpikir positif, rasa bersyukur, resiliensi diri, ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic period caused several consequences, namely many companies experienced an economic downturn, so they chose to terminate their employment (PHK). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between positive thinking and gratitude with resilience in employees affected by layoffs, especially working men and to find out how to develop resilience to victims of layoffs. The method uses a quantitative correlational approach. Data were collected through 3 kinds of questionnaires, namely positive thinking, gratitude, and self-resilience. Respondents were 99 people who came from the South Tambun area experienced termination of employment at the company due to the economic downturn in the company. The data were analyzed through the correlational method. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between positive thinking and gratitude and self-resilience. Furthermore, the results of the study show that positive thinking has a greater correlation value than gratitude.
The altruistically shared information provided by residents is significant for travelers, affecting decisions they postpone until arrival at their destination. This study integrates altruism as a personal value with the basic postulates of social exchange theory and theory of reasoned action to explain the behavior of residents in terms of gratuitous referrals at destination (GRAD). A structural equation model is tested at a tourist destination on the coast of southwestern Spain. The results reveal that the factors influencing residents' attitude toward GRAD behavior (GRB) substantially differ from those that condition attitude toward tourism more generally. Furthermore, the altruistic values of residents indirectly condition their GRB.
Positive psychology is a subdomain that addresses the importance of human strengths and personal assets in individuals’ well-being. The principles of positive psychology align with the philosophy of rehabilitation counseling by emphasizing individuals’ strengths to promote psychosocial adjustment to disability. Considering the intersection between positive psychology and rehabilitation counseling, applying the positive psychology framework to rehabilitation counseling will be a promising foundation for improvement in services and outcomes. As the number of individuals on the autism spectrum increases, more innovative services are needed to keep abreast of their needs. This article discusses how positive psychology can be applied to the population of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explores possible practices that can be replicated by practitioners to provide quality services for this emerging disability population. Implications for education and research are also discussed.
The researcher assumes that by regularly attending ‘Pengajian Majelis Taklim’, it will make the individual know more deeply about the religion of Islam which is believed to surely lead him to the path of truth—the path that is blessed by Allah SWT. Therefore, this religious activity will increase the individual level of religiosity and gratitude. This study used a purposive sampling technique on 139 ‘Jemaah’ who regularly attend the ‘Majelis Taklim Ustaz Kembar’, Bogor. To measure religiosity, the researcher used The Centrality of religiosity scale (CRS) created by Huber dan Huber (2012), modified by Purnomo dan Suryadi (2018), then modified by Putra (2020), then modify by the researcher. For measuring
gratitude, the researcher used The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6) created by McCullough et al. (2002), then modify by the researcher. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test in this study has a sig value. 0.200, Pearson correlation test in this study is 0.532 with a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05. Finding of this research is religiosity has positive correlation with gratitude among ‘Jemaah Majelis Taklim’. In this study, there were also other interesting findings, specifically that there was no correlation between Frequency Aspect of Gratitude with Religiosity (sig. 0.586 > 0.05). Furthermore, it is also known that there is no correlation between Ideology Dimension of Religiosity with Frequency Aspect (sig. 0.054 > 0.05), Span Aspect (0.072 > 0.05) and Density aspect (0.128 > 0.05) of Gratitude. These results indicate that a sense of gratitude towards Allah SWT with a sense of gratitude for the good things that have been obtained by individual in their lives is a separate thing.
Keywords : Religiosity, Gratitude, Jemaah, Pengajian, Majelis Taklim
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.