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The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography
Abstract
In four studies, the authors examined the correlates of the disposition toward gratitude. Study 1 revealed that self-ratings and observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive affect and well-being prosocial behaviors and traits, and religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies 1 and 2 and provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity, Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric properties, is also described.
... Gratitude is a personality strength closely related to happiness, and people who experience gratitude show higher levels of positive emotions, life satisfaction, and optimism. In particular, gratitude has a larger effect in enhancing positive emotions than in reducing negative ones [8]. When researchers examined gratitude's etymology, they interpreted it as a state of being grateful to others or a mind to repay a favor [9]. ...
... Regarding gratitude scales, Watkins et al. [20] developed the Gratitude, Resentment and Appreciation Test (GRAT) to separately measure gratitude influenced by subjective elements primarily in three factors: awareness of affluence; gratitude in daily life; and gratitude to others. Furthermore, McCullough et al. [8] selected six items to measure gratitude quantitatively. In addition, many researchers have conducted studies to understand the concept quantitatively by scaling gratitude [21][22][23][24][25]. ...
... They had good relationships with their loving families, nice people, and helpful friends; they also had the characteristic of perceiving gratitude when helped. In addition, they had a strong tendency to recognize the contributions of others, and respond with gratitude to positive results or experiences [8]. ...
Humans feel happy when they experience positive emotions; gratitude is a significant inducer of positive emotions. This study investigates perceptions of gratitude among South Korean college students using the Q methodology, which enables the examination of individuals’ subjectivity. We collected 227 statements from a Q population through literature reviews, paper reviews, interviews, and questionnaire surveys; from them statements, we selected 40 Q samples. The P samples included 46 college students at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, and we performed data analysis with Principal Component Factor Analysis using the Quanl program. Using the results of this study, we classified gratitude into five types: Type 1 active gratitude through expression; Type 2 passive gratitude depending on conditions; Type 3 gratitude through relationships; Type 4 gratitude through internal satisfaction, and; Type 5 gratitude through materials. The results point to differences in experiences of gratitude that depend on conditions and environments, and by type. Researchers and administrators can use the results of this study to understand South Korean college students’ perspectives and perceptions when planning and implementing gratitude programs that prioritize their happiness.
... Especialmente, no que diz respeito à mensuração do construto, alguns achados sugerem que a gratidão é unidimensional (McCullough et al., 2002), todavia, análises detalhadas dos conceitos teóricos indicam que também podem existir facetas ou várias dimensões (Hammer e Brenner, 2017;Peterson e Seligman, 2004). De acordo com Christopher Peterson e Martin Seligman (2004), é importante avaliar a intensidade, a frequência, a extensão e a densidade. ...
... Entre os instrumentos desenvolvidos para avaliar a gratidão o mais conhecido e utilizado é o Gratitude questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) (McCullough et al., 2002), instrumento de autorrelato com seis itens que avalia as diferenças individuais na propensão do sentimento de gratidão na vida diária, apresentando bons parâmetros psicométricos (a = 0,82). Além de ser frequentemente aplicado, o GQ-6 já teve adaptações e validações feitas em diversos países (Fayaz, 2020;Kong et al., 2017;O'Connell e Killeen-Byrt, 2018). ...
... Além de ser frequentemente aplicado, o GQ-6 já teve adaptações e validações feitas em diversos países (Fayaz, 2020;Kong et al., 2017;O'Connell e Killeen-Byrt, 2018). Outro instrumento utilizado é a Gratitude Adjectives Checklist (McCullough et al., 2002) composto por três itens numa escala likert de cinco pontos, que varia de 1 (muito pouco) a 5 (extremamente) e boa consistência interna (a = 0,87). Ademais, a Wishes and Gratitude Survey, que derivou do estudo de Franziska Baumgarten-Tramer (1938) com duas questões dissertativas tem sido adaptado e utilizado em diferentes populações e contextos, entre eles o brasileiro no qual a sua versão é composta por quatro perguntas abertas. ...
Objetivamos construir e analisar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento para avaliar a gratidão em formato de julgamento situacional. Após a análise de juízes e estudo piloto, houve a exclusão de 6 itens dos 15 elaborados inicialmente. No estudo de busca de evidência de validade por meio da estrutura interna participaram 514 pessoas, sendo 56% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 14 e 72 anos, que responderam à Escala de Gratidão, Escala de Afetos, Escala de Vitalidade e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unidimensional composta por 9 itens. As mulheres apresentaram as maiores médias quando comparadas aos homens, tanto no julgamento como na autoavaliação da gratidão. A gratidão apresentou correlação, em sentido positivo com magnitude fraca, apenas com a vitalidade. Os dados indicaram evidências de validade com base no conteúdo do teste, consistência interna e na relação com variáveis externas para a Escala de Gratidão.
... extrinsic) religiosity (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989); more positive trusting attitudes toward the transcendent (Wood et al., 2010); and a greater perceived presence of (compared to searching for) meaning in life (Steger et al., 2006) and flourishing spiritually (Abernethy & Kim, 2018). Because transcendent standards can include a summons to enact relational virtues with people, we anticipated that TA would have positive correlations with indicators of human accountability , forgivingness (Berry et al., 2005), gratitude (McCullough et al., 2002), limitations-owning humility (Haggard et al., 2018), a values-reaffirming approach to self-forgiveness (Griffin et al., 2018), and the likelihood of relational repair responses after wrongdoing . Recent work has highlighted the importance of autonomy to act in healthy congruence with one's values as important for ensuring accountability, which is distinct from servility or blind conformity Weinstein et al., 2012). ...
... Given the role of virtues in R/S, we predicted positive correlations between TA and transcendent virtues including gratitude to God (Watkins et al., 2019) and hope in God . We also anticipated positive associations with gratitude to other people (McCullough et al., 2002), as well as forgiveness of others (Berry et al., 2005) and a values-oriented approach to embracing forgiveness for oneself with esteem restoration after wrongdoing (Griffin et al., 2018). We also anticipated that TA would be associated with humility that owns one's limitations (Haggard et al., 2018). ...
... Gratitude. The 6-item Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6;McCullough et al., 2002), which has two reverse-scored items, measured dispositional gratitude to others for benefits, α = .78. ...
Welcoming accountability is a responsive and responsible virtue that can be shown in relation to people or to God, a higher power, or transcendent guide. Our interdisciplinary team defined transcendent accountability (TA) and developed a 10-item scale using classical and item response theory methods. Across diverse US samples (total N = 990) the scale exhibited internal consistency, construct validity, incremental validity, known-groups validity, and test-retest reliability. TA showed positive correlations with religious and spiritual variables, transcendent virtues (gratitude to God, eschatological hope), human virtues (gratitude, accountability, forgiveness), relationality (agreeableness, empathy), responsibility, conscientiousness, self-regulation), values-congruent autonomy, meaning, and flourishing. It had inverse correlations with negative attitudes and symptoms (personality disorder, anxiety, depression), and weak associations with searching for
meaning and social desirability. TA predicted unique variance in spiritual flourishing, meaning, and relational repair. Transcendent accountability is a valuable construct that complements gratitude to God (GTG) and advances positive psychology.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2023.2170824
... One such potential predictor of life satisfaction is gratitude. Gratitude has been defined by many authors who independently agree that it is a positive feeling (or response) of appreciation for what one has gained by the actions of others or from sources other than oneself (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;McCullough et al., 2002;Robustelli & Whisman, 2018;. In a study by Emmons and McCullough (2003), they found that participants who experienced feelings of gratitude by reflecting on things they were grateful for, reported feeling "better about their lives as a whole" (p. ...
... Gratitude is a nuanced construct that eludes easy classification. Typical definitions include emotions felt by a recipient in response to a benefactor's actions (Emmons & McCullough, 2003;McCullough, et al., 2002;McCullough et al., 2004;Wood et al., 2010). Emmons and Crumpler (2000) suggested the positive feelings from experiencing gratitude provides what they described as a human strength that can influence one's health, well-being, and pursuit of goals. ...
... As a state, gratitude can be characterized as a short-term positive feeling experienced when one is grateful or thankful (Emmons, 2004;Mairean et al., 2018). What sets state gratitude apart from trait gratitude is the understanding that trait gratitude represents how an individual may be predisposed a certain level of gratitude (McCullough et al., 2002), whereas state gratitude is in less stable, directly in response to a benefactor's actions, and perhaps more prone to vary based on context or other factors that would explain the state of emotions an individual feels from the act or acts of a benefactor (Emmons & Shelton, 2002) namely thankfulness, appreciativeness, happiness, and the like. ...
Life satisfaction, along with gratitude, and mindfulness are constructs that are well researched in many different situations and with a variety of different variables. However, research of the roles that both mindfulness and gratitude have on life satisfaction are minimal. This study focused on the role that mindfulness and gratitude have in predicting an individual’s level of life satisfaction. Study participants were currently employed adults as extant literature has mainly focused on students, retired, or otherwise unemployed individuals. Correlation and structural equation modeling were used to identify significant path coefficients and relationships between variables. Results showed mindfulness facets correlated with life satisfaction, however, only two of the five facets of mindfulness had statistically significant relationships. Direct relationships were shown between mindfulness and gratitude, however, only four of the five mindfulness facets were shown to have statistically significant relationships. Gratitude was directly, positively, and significantly correlated to life satisfaction and gratitude was also found to partially mediate the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction. Findings suggest that the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction becomes significantly stronger with the presence of gratitude. Implications of this study show that organizations can experience better returns on investments towards workforce well-being efforts when they combine both mindfulness and gratitude training to better influence an employee’s life satisfaction.
... Gratitude has been conceptualized as the tendency to respond favorably to others when the benefactor has done something positive that benefits the recipient (McCullough et al., 2002). Because of the inherent relational component between two people, gratitude has widely been considered a social emotion (Algoe, 2012;Gordon et al., 2012). ...
... We relied on prior research on gratitude per se (not necessarily to God) as a guide when examining the relationships between gratitude and personality and well-being, and we expected to replicate previous results. Specifically, previous research has found that gratitude is positively related to extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness and negatively related to neuroticism (Aghababaei et al., 2018;McCullough et al., 2002). Gratitude is positively related to well-being (McCullough et al., 2002). ...
... Specifically, previous research has found that gratitude is positively related to extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness and negatively related to neuroticism (Aghababaei et al., 2018;McCullough et al., 2002). Gratitude is positively related to well-being (McCullough et al., 2002). ...
A growing body of research has focused on distinguishing general forms of gratitude from gratitude to God. We contributed to this area of research by examining correlates of personality traits and meaning in life in a cross-sectional study (N = 1,398). General gratitude was more strongly positively related to honesty-humility, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and meaning in life than gratitude to God. Moreover, gratitude to God moderated the positive relationship between general gratitude and meaning in life such that the relationship was stronger at lower than higher levels of gratitude to God. The results suggest that general forms of gratitude may be more important for well-being and positive traits than gratitude to God. General forms of gratitude may be particularly beneficial among less religious people, while gratitude to God may be particularly beneficial for people’s well-being among those who are less grateful in general.
... Gratitude McCullough et al. (2002) defined gratitude as "a generalized tendency to recognize and respond with grateful emotion to the roles of other people's benevolence in the positive experiences and outcomes that one obtains" (p. 11). ...
... The immediate linkage is theoretically based on the "Moral effect theory of gratitude" (Watkins, 2014) and the "Amplification theory of gratitude" (McCullough et al., 2002); besides, the indirect association is premised on the "Broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion" (Fredrickson, 2004). The moral effect theory explains three moral functions of gratitude, that is, barometer, motivator, and reinforcer. ...
... As a barometer, gratitude helps one to realize and appreciate others' contributions to one's life. According to McCullough et al. (2002), an individual experiences gratitude when (a) they receive valued assistance, (b) the benefactor incurs high costs and efforts, (c) unintentional efforts of the donor, and (d) the act is gratuitous, that is, not defined by any role-based existence. As a moral motivator, it motivates one to behave prosocially. ...
Gratitude is essential in positive organizational scholarship and is said to flourish and prosper organization members. This article aims to investigate the role of gratitude in transforming a toxic workplace into a collaborative work environment by exploring the mediating role of psychological capital (Psycap). The results reveal that gratitude practiced by the employees at the workplace can counter workplace toxicity and enhance a collaborative work environment, creating harmony in society. The study proposes the institutionalization of a gratitude-based organizational culture that prevents workplace toxicity and supports a collaborative work environment. The study is one of the pioneer studies that tried to unlock the “black box” through which dispositional gratitude can help build workplace harmony and collaboration.
... In addition, in the ancient Confucianism, people proposed eight virtues, including loyality, dutifulness, benevolence, love, honest, justice, peace, and fair, and put "benevolence" and dutifulness as core behaviors (Wen, 1989) [5]. McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2002) [6] also pointed out that gratitude is a function of the perception of intentional benevolence. In Chinese culture, gratitude has become the fundamental value and faith, as well as the root moral principle (Zhang, 2008) [7]. ...
... In addition, in the ancient Confucianism, people proposed eight virtues, including loyality, dutifulness, benevolence, love, honest, justice, peace, and fair, and put "benevolence" and dutifulness as core behaviors (Wen, 1989) [5]. McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2002) [6] also pointed out that gratitude is a function of the perception of intentional benevolence. In Chinese culture, gratitude has become the fundamental value and faith, as well as the root moral principle (Zhang, 2008) [7]. ...
... However, the scales above did not made for grade 5 and 6 students. Besides, McCullough et al(2002) [6] proposed that positive experiences enable individuals to identify the help provided by others and the generosity reflected in the help of others. Moreover, although there is a general tendency to react with general heartfelt gratitude, the inclusion of a third person in an interaction can lead to a negative experience. ...
... Furthermore, we argue that university students' gratitude can mediate the association between their purpose in life and knowledge sharing behavior. Gratitude refers to a general tendency to express thankfulness and gratefulness when receiving kindness (McCullough et al., 2002). On the one hand, university students' purpose in life may predict their gratitude. ...
... Therefore, according to self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2012), grateful university students are more likely to generate autonomous motivation and thus engage in knowledge sharing behaviors. Meanwhile, grateful individuals tend to have high levels of openness, agreeableness, and extraversion (McCullough et al., 2002). Grateful individuals also seek to add positive to positive, and inclined to have positive interactions with others and have a positive impact on the "broader world" (Malin et al., 2017). ...
... In relation to understanding gratitude as a potential mediator of PBJW/GBJW being related to wellbeing/depression, the following mechanisms could be at play. By seeing one's personal world as fair, the recipient of this perceived fairness is likely to feel grateful and blessed for receiving their just desserts (McCullough et al., 2002). From there on, feeling grateful would then lead to experiences of heightened wellbeing, or being protected from depressive feelings; both effects of gratitude predicting greater wellbeing and reduced depression have been wellestablished patterns obtained from a range of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies (e.g. ...
... Thirdly, the use of self-reporting measures might result in socially desirable responding. However, McCullough et al. (2002) found that the GQ-6, which we used to measure gratitude, was not confounded by social desirability, along with Sutton and Douglas (2005) who found that PBJW's association with life satisfaction was not confounded by social desirability. Moreover, the present study preserved participants' anonymity, which may have helped to reduce social desirability. ...
Belief in a Just World (BJW) can be categorised into domains of how people view the fairness of their immediate social worlds (Personal Belief in a Just World–PBJW) and the wider world (General Belief in a Just World–GBJW). We conducted two studies with 179 (Study 1) and 364 (Study 2) participants to examine differential relationships that PBJW and GBJW could have in directly predicting mental wellbeing and depression and indirectly via three mediators of perceived control, optimism, and gratitude. Path analyses examined how well data from each study fit 13 different models. Models 1 to 4 tested whether PBJW directly and indirectly via the three mediators predicted wellbeing (Model 1) and depression (Model 3) and if GBJW likewise directly and indirectly predicted wellbeing (Model 2) and depression (Model 4). These four models had the best supported statistical fit for either Study 1 or 2 relative to other models. In both studies when explaining the effect of PBJW on wellbeing and depression, perceived control was the strongest mediator, followed by optimism, and then gratitude. When examining the effect of GBJW on wellbeing and depression, only perceived control and optimism were significant mediators. These studies affirm the need to assess GBJW and PBJW as separate phenomena, rather than combining these constructs or omitting PBJW, as is sometimes done.
... In this regard, the constructs of gratitude and meaning making (search for meaning and the presence of meaning) are relevant to explore/consider. Gratitude has been defined by Mccullough et al. (2002) as the "generalized tendency to recognize and respond with grateful emotion to the roles of other people's benevolence in the positive experiences and outcomes that one obtains" (p. 112). ...
... Gratitude was assessed using the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) that was developed by Mccullough et al. (2002). This questionnaire consists of six items that are answered on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). ...
Middle-aged adults are a central pillar of society because they comprise large segments of the workforce and bridge younger and older generations. Given the significant role that middle-aged adults play for the greater good of society, more research is warranted to evaluate in which ways adversity could accumulate or pile-up to impact pertinent outcomes. We used data from a sample of middle-aged adults (n = 317, age 50-65 at baseline, 55% women) who were assessed monthly for a period of 2 years to examine whether the accumulation of adversity was predictive of depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and character strengths (generativity, gratitude, the presence of meaning, and search for meaning). Greater accumulation of adversity was associated with reporting more depressive symptoms, lower life satisfaction, and the lower presence of meaning and the effects remained for depressive symptoms when accounting for concurrent adversity. More concurrent adversity was associated with reporting more depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction and lower levels of generativity, gratitude, and the presence of meaning. Analyses that targeted specific domains of adversity showed that the accumulation of adversity associated with close family members (i.e., spouse/partner, children, and parents), and financial, and work domains showed the strongest (negative) associations across each outcome. Our findings demonstrate that monthly adversity take its toll on pertinent midlife outcomes and points to future research targeting mechanisms underlying our findings as well as resources that promote positive outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
... Self-valuation score [19] Prioritization of personal well-being and response to imperfections and errors. Prioritizing self-care and using a growth mindset approach to medical errors may combat burnout Gratitude Questionnaire [20] Grateful people have more positive emotions and life satisfaction, and less depression and anxiety Table 4 demonstrates the change in primary and secondary outcome measures from pre-to post-intervention. There was a significant increase in the median PFI score (3.4 to 3.6 Cohen's d = 0.33, p = 0.03). ...
... To measure trait gratitude, the Gratitude Questionnaire 6 [52] was modified slightly in wording and scaling to tailor it for use with adolescents. Gratitude is defined as the tendency to be thankful and appreciative of benefits and benefactors in one's life. ...
Gratitude interventions can provide cost-effective support for mental health to under-resourced schools. This study aims to better understand the effects of a promising intervention Bono et al. evaluated in 2020. Using a quasi-experimental design (where classes were assigned to a thanking app, gratitude curriculum, app + curriculum, or control condition), that evaluation found that the full (combined) intervention impacted students’ self-reported trait gratitude, anxiety, and subjective well-being (SWB) over six weeks, compared against only the control condition. However, here, we evaluated the individual intervention components’ effectiveness on students (N = 326) using multilevel modeling. As hypothesized, the full intervention impacted students’ gratitude, anxiety, and SWB, compared to the control condition, but impacted SWB more than the app-only condition, suggesting that teaching gratitude science makes thanking more meaningful. Then, we examined if stress mediated these effects. Perceived stress partially mediated the relationships of gratitude with depression and SWB and fully mediated the relationship of gratitude with anxiety. Additionally, changes in perceived stress and SWB differed by gender. Finally, we qualitatively analyzed thanks exchanges during the intervention using informal content analysis and found themes of psychological safety—a critical feature neglected in other interventions. We conclude with recommendations for optimizing school gratitude interventions.
... The original gratitude questionnaire, GQ-6, includes six items. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.82 [52]. In this study, the German 5-item version, GQ-5-G, was used [51] to measure gratitude, because the validation study by Hudecek et al. [53] demonstrated that the model fit of GQ-6 was significantly improved once one item was eliminated. ...
Background: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness. Methods: In total, 419 persons participated. After providing demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related information, participants completed a gratitude questionnaire, a self-compassion scale, a compassion scale, and an equanimity scale. Results: The results show that vegans and vegetarians indicated higher scores than omnivores in some aspects of heartfulness, such as both self-compassion scales. These effects could not be shown for the two equanimity scales and for the gratitude questionnaire. Most aspects of heartfulness could either be predicted by demographic or diet-related variables. The best predictors of the elements of heartfulness were the ecological, ethical, or health-related reasons for choosing their diet stated by the participants, as well as the importance the participants attached to nutrition. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that vegans and vegetarians scored higher in several aspects of heartfulness. Vegans tended to score even higher than vegetarians. Both demographic and diet-related variables could predict heartfulness.
... We measured prosocial emotions with assessments of gratitude and awe. Participant answered six items about general gratitude (e.g., "I have so much in life to be thankful for") through the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6; [64]), assessed on a 7-point scale (1 = Strongly agree to 7 = Strongly disagree; α = .82). Participants also completed six items about awe (e.g., "I often feel awe"; [65]; α = .84), ...
Major stressors can influence religiosity, making some people more religious, while making others less religious. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study with a nationally representative sample of religiously affiliated American adults (N = 685) to assess group differences between those who decreased, stayed the same, or increased in their religious devotion. In quantitative analyses we evaluated differences on sociodemographic variables, religious behaviors, individual differences, prosocial emotions, well-being, and COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors. Of most note, those who changed (i.e., increased or decreased) in religious devotion were more likely than those with no change in devotion to experience high levels of stress and threat related to COVID-19, but only those who increased in religious devotion had the highest dispositional prosocial emotions (i.e., gratitude and awe). Further, those who changed in religious devotion were more likely to report searching for meaning than those with no change, but only those who increased were more likely to report actual presence of meaning. Qualitative analyses revealed that those who increased in religious devotion reported increasing personal worship, the need for a higher power, and uncertainty in life as reasons for their increase in religious devotion; those who decreased reported being unable to communally worship, a lack of commitment or priority, and challenges making it hard to believe in God as reasons for their decrease in religious devotion. The findings help identify how COVID-19 has affected religious devotion, and how religion might be used as a coping mechanism during a major life stressor.
... Additional interventions that may facilitate adaptive coping during the COVID-19 pandemic include gratitude and cognitive interventions. Gratitude is the ability to value and appreciate the positive aspects of one's life (Wood et al., 2010), defined by the understanding that one's life has been positively influenced by another's kindness (Chaplin et al., 2019;McCullough et al., 2002). Past studies have consistently linked gratitude interventions to more positive emotional functioning and social relationships in various populations, including in HCWs, as well as to decreased depressive symptoms (Cheng et al., 2015;Cook et al., 2018;Dickens, 2017;Emmons & McCullough, 2003;Killen & Macaskill, 2014;Redwine et al., 2016). ...
Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental well-being of health care workers (HCWs). This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of two psychological interventions, gratitude journaling or cognitive strategies, on pediatric HCWs.
Method:
A pilot randomized parallel repeated measures design was used, with a convenience sample of 59 HCWs. Data were collected before and after the intervention period, 2 weeks after, and again 6 months later. Outcomes included depression, anxiety, meaning and purpose, feasibility, and acceptability.
Results:
Thirty-seven participants completed the study. The majority were nurses (registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses) and physicians. In both groups, depression and anxiety scores diminished, but changes were not statistically significant. The study was feasible to conduct, and subjects reported high acceptability.
Discussion:
Gratitude journaling and cognitive strategies may help mental well-being in HCWs; however, future studies with larger samples are needed.
... Secondly, we suggest that the investigation should start at the event level so that we can depict clearly how a specific other-praising emotion is elicited in the workplace and whether such emotional experiences can promote specific proactive behaviour afterwards. Although we also can study other-praising emotions at a trait level, such as trait gratitude and trait moral elevation (McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002;Pohling, Diessner, and Strobel, 2018), which captures dispositional tendencies in experiencing specific otherpraising emotions, we believe it is desirable to understand emotional phenomena at the event, intra-individual level, to understand how an other-praising emotional episode evolves and shapes one's actions before moving to the individual level to understand inter-individual differences (see Ashkanasy, in this volume, for the multilevel framework of emotion and Ohly and Venz for the event-level analysis of emotions). ...
... Other measures included self-valuation (5-point Likert scale [ranging from never (0) to always (4)], 4 items, range 0-4)); IUS (5-point frequency [1][2][3][4][5], 12 items, range 0-60); Hardiness-resilience score (HRS/DRS-15, 4-point frequency (0-3), 15 items, range 0-45); Gratitude score (7-point frequency [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], 2 items from the GQ-6 scale, range 0-14); and Measurement of Current Status score (MOCS, 5-point frequency [1][2][3][4][5], 3 items from MOCS part A, range 0-15). PFI scores are calculated as the average of the scoring items while all other scores are summed across items [22][23][24][25][27][28][29]. Measures were selected based on previously published research demonstrating the impact of coaching on well-being and associated parameters [13,14,30]. ...
Background:
Coaching has been shown to decrease physician burnout; however, coachee outcomes have been the focus. We report the impact of coaching on women-identifying surgeons who participated as coaches in a 9-month virtual program.
Methods:
A coaching program was implemented in the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS) to determine the effects of coaching on well-being and burnout from 2018 to 2020. AWS members volunteered and completed training in professional development coaching. Pre- and post-study measures were assessed, and bivariate analysis performed based on burnout and professional fulfillment score.
Results:
Seventy-five coaches participated; 57 completed both pre- and post-study surveys. There were no significant changes in burnout or professional fulfillment including the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment scale, hardiness, self-valuation, coping, gratitude, or intolerance of uncertainty scores from baseline to post-survey. On bivariate analysis, hardiness was associated with lower burnout throughout the duration of the program. Coaches with lower burnout at the end of the program met with their coachee more frequently than coaches with higher burnout [mean (SD) 3.95(2.16) versus 2.35(2.13) p = 0.0099].
Discussion:
Burnout and professional fulfillment demonstrated no change in women surgeons who participated as professional development coaches. Those with lower burnout and higher professional fulfillment at the end of the program were found to have higher hardiness, which may be worth future investigation.
Conclusions:
Acquisition of coaching skills did not directly improve well-being in faculty who participated in a resident coaching program. Future studies would benefit from control groups and exploration of qualitative benefits of coaching.
... By engaging in activities, older individuals can effectively increase their happiness (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005(Lyubomirsky et al., , 2011aLyubomirsky, 2008;Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009). Such activities may include thinking optimistically about one's future (Scheier & Carver, 1993), counting one's blessings (McCullough et al., 2002), savouring positive experiences (Jose et al., 2012), or engaging in acts of kindness (Krueger et al., 2001). Concrete examples of exercises designed to express gratitude that can be included in interventions are writing letters of gratitude to someone who has helped them in one way or another (Lyubomirsky et al., 2011a;Boehm et al., 2011) and listing "five blessings" or "three things one is grateful for" once a week (Chancellor et al., 2018;Lyubomirsky et al., 2005). ...
Happiness represents an important driving force for individuals at any life stage and continues to be so in midlife and older age. While ageing is usually associated with experiencing less happiness, research findings show that people tend to be happier as they grow older (i.e. the positivity effect). In this chapter, I will examine happiness in midlife and older age, including attempts to explain the age-related positivity effect. In this sense, I will describe how happiness is defined in midlife and older age and what factors can influence it. Additionally, I will examine how happiness can be measured objectively by using various scales and how middle-aged and older individuals describe happiness from their point of view. Next, I will consider the existing links between happiness and personal growth in all life domains (i.e. cognitive, emotional, social, personality, physical). Starting from the existing evidence-base and theoretical models concerning happiness in midlife and older age, I will then go on to examine how can positive psychology principles and developmental assets be applied to design interventions to promote happiness among middle-aged and older adults.
... Gratitude was assessed among participants with a six-item revised gratitude questionnaire, 41 which was translated into Chinese by Wei et al. 42 This questionnaire is a self-report measure designed for assessing the experiences and expressions of gratefulness and appreciation in daily life as well as perceptions when benefiting from others. The questionnaire covers four aspects of gratefulness, including the gratitude intensity facet (such as "I feel thankful for what I have received in life"), the gratitude frequency facet (such as "Long amounts of time can go by before I feel grateful to something or someone"), the gratitude span facet (such as "I sometimes feel grateful for the smallest things"), and the gratitude density facet (such as "I am grateful to a wide variety of people"). ...
Purpose:
The school climate, which refers to the quality and character of school life, is associated with a wide range of developmental outcomes. Although researchers have shown considerable interest in uncovering the links between school climate and prosocial behavior, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the mediating role of gratitude between school climate and adolescents' prosocial behavior.
Methods:
A sample of 632 Chinese adolescents (363 girls and 269 boys; Mage = 16.83 years at time 1, SD = 0.68 years) completed a battery of sociometric and self-report questionnaires that measured school climate, gratitude, and prosocial behavior in three waves.
Results:
Correlation analysis showed that school climate, gratitude, and prosocial behavior were all significantly and positively intercorrelated across the three waves. Importantly, gratitude completely mediated the relationship between school climate and prosocial behavior (β = 0.005 [95% confidence interval = 0.001, 0.013]) in the three-wave longitudinal mediation model.
Conclusion:
As a positive disposition, gratitude fosters prosocial behavior and serves as a mediator between school climate and prosocial behavior. This study provides a theoretical explanation for cultivating adolescents' prosocial behavior and theoretical guidelines for interventions of schools and other socializing agents.
... Secondly, On the basis of social exchange theory (Blau 1964;Gouldner 1960), we claim that gratitude mediates between the positive effect of family supportive supervisor behaviour on innovative work behaviour. Because gratitude means to identify and return with thankful emotion for someone's kindness in the positive experiences who provide the benefits (McCullough et al. 2002;Jiang et al., 2020). By doing this, present study highlights the potential mediating mechanism of why family supportive supervisor behaviours encourage/enhance innovative work behaviours. ...
The aim of this study was to examine the role of family supportive supervisors' behaviours on employees' innovative work behaviours along with the mediating role of felt gratitude toward supervisor. Using a two-wave time lagged study, data were collected from healthcare sector employees. The findings suggested that family supportive supervisor behaviour is positively related to felt gratitude toward supervisor which in turn was positively related to employees' innovative work behaviours. The study further provides implications to the managers and research scholars in many ways.
... Salah satu ciri kebersyukuran adalah rasa cukup, kebersyukuran tidak hanya disebabkan rasa terimakasih terhadap suatu hadiah atau pemberian yang diterima, tetapi juga karena menerima perbuatan baik seseorang [11][12]. Dengan adanya tindakan tersebut tentunya akan membuat seorang makin percaya diri dan merasa bahagia [13][14][15][16]. Berdasarkan paparan dan pendapat para ahli tersebut, peneliti meneliti tentang pengaruh kebersyukuran dan kebahagiaan pada guru honorer. ...
This reseach aims to determine the relationship between thanksgiving and happiness in honorary teachers. The research method is a quantitative method. The data collection techniques used scale of gratitude and scale of happiness. The subjects of this research were 105 teachers of the State Elementary School in Masbagik sub-district, East Lombok district. The analysis technique used is Product Moment Correation analysis by using SPSS 23.00 For Windows. The result of data analysis showed that the coefficient of correlation was R = 0.690 with a significance level of 0.000 (p <0.01). This research indicated that the contribution which is given by gratitude to happiness is 47,6 %, it means the relationship between the variables of gratitude and happiness for honorary is very significant.
Purpose
Gratitude is an element of positive psychology that has been found effective in improving subjective well-being and decreasing aggression in offenders. However, there is a dearth of studies on gratitude in ex-juvenile offenders. This study aims to explore the gratitude of ex-juvenile offenders using a photovoice technique.
Design/methodology/approach
Photos and stories behind pictures were collected from eight ex-juvenile offenders who reside in Kupang, Indonesia.
Findings
Thematic analysis resulted in four main themes: family as an oasis of gratitude, difficulty in social reintegration, strong peer support and gratitude and spirituality.
Originality/value
The results of this study indicated that family, peer support and intensive spiritual activities in prisons were influential in forming a sense of gratitude for ex-juvenile offenders. Interventions need to consider these three aspects to improve gratitude and resulting well-being in ex-juvenile offenders.
Overall, the research illuminates some fascinating patterns that have arisen over the course of the field's evolution over the last four decades as well as some interesting scientific hypotheses that may help us understand mental health and wellbeing better. First, throughout the last several decades, especially the last ten, there has been a marked increase in interest in the mental health and wellbeing of college students. This pattern indicates that the sector has not yet achieved maturity and will continue to grow in the coming years. Second, the study on this topic is mostly interdisciplinary and the outcome of research in a variety of subfields that fall under the broad heading of behavioral and biological sciences. Finally, a group of accomplished scholars, largely from various regions of the globe, developed the research on this subject. As a result, the discipline will be shaped by a new generation of researchers for many years to come. In the realm of mental health, researchers have recently had access to a broad range of study subjects. Positive mental353 EMAILS: ASI@EUROPE.DE health, mental illness, drug use, therapy, stigma, stress, and measuring mental health are a few of these topics. The results of this study also highlighted a number of problems that could be impeding the growth of research into college students' mental health and overall wellbeing. For instance, present research often places an excessive emphasis on the theoretical and disciplinary approaches that have developed in affluent nations. Additional study is required to provide a better and more accurate picture of the situation and to ensure that all points of view are appropriately represented, especially from low-and middle-income nations and emerging economies. The results of this study will help practitioners and administrators improve and broaden current efforts and programs that support mental health and wellbeing in higher education settings. Due to their social and cultural beliefs, university students will be able to get different types of help. Also, the scientific community that supports the expansion of the area is widely spread.
We conducted three studies to examine the function of gratitude to God versus dispositional gratitude, dispositional indebtedness, indebtedness to God, and religiosity. Study 1 found that among these variables, dispositional gratitude and religiosity were positively correlated with conscientiousness, the trait most strongly associated with self-regulation, both in self- and informant-reports. Study 2 replicated these findings. Finally, Study 3 (a 44-day daily diary study during Lent) replicated Studies 1 and 2 in terms of predictors of conscientiousness. Furthermore, we found that gratitude to God, rather than dispositional gratitude or religiosity, assessed before the start of Lent predicted average abstinence success during Lent. The multilevel analysis showed that on a day when participants felt more gratitude to God, they abstained more successfully than on a day when they felt less gratitude to God. General gratitude and religiosity were associated with conscientiousness, while gratitude to God was associated with successful abstinence during Lent.
Gratitude for another person’s actions has received exponential attention from the scientific community for its many benefits. Yet, this research is virtually silent on one key target of gratitude – god – despite billions of people believing in a personal, intervening, and benevolent god. In a large multi-method study, we sampled U.S. Hindus, Muslims, Jews, and Christians (N = 1270). First, we document the prevalence of spontaneous mentions of god as the target of a gratitude expression following a personal success. Only 16% of our religious participants did mention god but priming god increased this number to 29%. Second, we document a wider array of eliciting situations of gratitude to god (GTG) compared to gratitude to another person (GTO) and particularly for broad good things in life that don’t have a clear agent. Finally, we document ways that GTG vs. GTO is demonstrated, suggesting that GTG sustains religious practice and builds morality.
The researcher assumes that by regularly attending ‘Pengajian Majelis Taklim’, it will make the individual know more deeply about the religion of Islam which is believed to surely lead him to the path of truth—the path that is blessed by Allah SWT. Therefore, this religious activity will increase the individual level of religiosity and gratitude. This study used a purposive sampling technique on 139 ‘Jemaah’ who regularly attend the ‘Majelis Taklim Ustaz Kembar’, Bogor. To measure religiosity, the researcher used The Centrality of religiosity scale (CRS) created by Huber dan Huber (2012), modified by Purnomo dan Suryadi (2018), then modified by Putra (2020), then modify by the researcher. For measuring gratitude, the researcher used The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6) created by McCullough et al. (2002), then modify by the researcher. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test in this study has a sig value. 0.200, Pearson correlation test in this study is 0.532 with a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05. Finding of this research is religiosity has positive correlation with gratitude among ‘Jemaah Majelis Taklim’. In this study, there were also other interesting findings, specifically that there was no correlation between Frequency Aspect of Gratitude with Religiosity (sig. 0.586 > 0.05). Furthermore, it is also known that there is no correlation between Ideology Dimension of Religiosity with Frequency Aspect (sig. 0.054 > 0.05), Span Aspect (0.072 > 0.05) and Density aspect (0.128 > 0.05) of Gratitude. These results indicate that a sense of gratitude towards Allah SWT with a sense of gratitude for the good things that have been obtained by individual in their lives is a separate thing.
The present study aims to examine the three important aspects of emerging adulthood, religiosity and spirituality, personality traits, and forgiveness which bring well-being benefits. It is hypothesized that religiosity and spirituality along with personality traits predict forgiveness among emerging adults. The Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Religiosity and Spirituality Scale for Youth (RaSSY), and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) were administered to 364 female and 390 male emerging adults (n = 754; mean age = 21 years, SD = 14.88) selected through purposive sampling technique from colleges in Bangalore. Data were analyzed using correlational and hierarchical regression analysis. This study found that religiosity and spirituality and the Big Five personality traits positively correlated with forgiveness whereas all personality traits, except neuroticism, strongly predicted forgiveness more than religiosity and spirituality. These findings suggest that faith-based coping and religious social support in combination with personality traits help emerging adults practice forgiveness in their daily life, leading to further insight into the theories of forgiveness and well-being.
Drawing on social learning and social exchange theories, we examined a moderated mediation model of the processes through which servant leadership relates to customer service performance. Across two studies, we examined whether frontline employees’ customer-centric attitude (social learning theory) or gratitude towards the organization (social exchange theory) mediates the servant leadership-customer service performance relationship. Additionally, in Study 2, we examined whether initiative climate constitutes a boundary condition of the relationships between the two motivational drivers and customer service performance. Data were obtained from a sample of South Korean (Study 1) and Taiwanese (Study 2) frontline employees. In Study 1, customer-centric attitude and gratitude towards the organization mediate the relationship between servant leadership and service performance but only gratitude towards the organization mediates the servant leadership-customer-directed extra-role performance. The findings of Study 2 reveal that gratitude towards the organization, but not customer-centric attitude mediates the relationship between servant leadership and service performance. Contrary to our prediction, initiative climate did not moderate the relationships between the two motivational drivers and service performance. In sum, our findings provide initial evidence of the importance of social exchange relative to social learning theory in accounting for the customer service performance implications of servant leadership.
Background: Indeed, both Mindfulness and Gratitude go hand in hand. As one goes into a state of mindfulness and opens their heart to gratitude, one may experience more positive feelings toward life and make choices of all types of events with an open-eyed sense in a nonjudgmental way. That may be leading to being overly focused on life circumstances in a constructive way and enhancing people's life satisfaction. The present study aims to recognize the different influences of gratitude and mindfulness in contributing to life satisfaction; and investigate the levels of mindfulness, gratitude, and life satisfaction among university students. Methodology: In the study, 256 young adults were drafted from 4 educational institutes in Karachi. However, the random sampling method was used to recruit them. The mean age of the sample was 20 years, with the range of 18-25. The research tools included Mindful Attention Awareness Scale1, Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6)2, and Satisfaction with Life Scale3 by using a brief demographic sheet and consent form, through which data was obtained. Results: Descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used to clarify the pattern of the result, and the findings were highly significant at p< .001. The outcomes demonstrated that the level of mindfulness comes in the low range (49.6%) of the study sample, while the range of gratitude was moderate (52.5%) to high levels (42.3%) correspondingly. Almost half of the participants reported a moderate level (49.3%) of life satisfaction. Further, the results showed that mindfulness and gratitude are the highest contributors to Life Satisfaction. As gratitude pointed out, 42% and mindfulness predicted 23% to expect contentment. Conclusion: The study proposed a theoretical paradigm that mindfulness impacts satisfaction cognitively, while gratitude influences satisfaction emotionally. Thus, the benefits of both constructs are evident and improve people's lives.
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique circumstance for the study of resilience, and clergy resilience has garnered increased research attention due to greater recognition that religious/spiritual leaders are at risk for elevated levels of anxiety and burnout. We examined longitudinal patterns of change during the pandemic in a sample of emerging leaders (N = 751; Mage = 32.82; SD 11.37; 49.9% female; 59.8% White). In doing so, we offered a conceptual and methodological approach based on historical and critical evaluations of the study of resilience. Results revealed a subgroup that exhibited resilience over three waves of data. The labeling of this trajectory was based on established criteria for determining resilience: (a) significant adversity in the form of COVID-19 stress at time 1, which included the highest levels of the subjective appraisal of stress; (b) risk in the form of low religiousness/spirituality and greater likelihood of reporting marginalized identifications, relative to those who were flourishing; (c) a protective influence for transformative experiences to promote positive adaptation; and (d) interruption to the trajectory in the form of improvement in levels of symptoms and well-being. Practical implications center on the potential for transformative experiences to clarify emotional experience and construct new meaning.
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM), including physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment, is detrimental to adolescents' psychological and behavioral outcomes. However, most studies on the relationship between CM and prosocial behavior focused on the overall experience of CM. Since different forms of CM exert various influences on adolescents, it is essential to find out which form of CM has the strongest link with prosocial behavior and the underlying mechanism behind it to fully understand this relationship and design a specific intervention for promoting prosocial behavior.
Objective: Guided by internal working model theory and hopelessness theory, this study aimed to investigate the connections of multiple forms of CM with prosocial behavior, and explore the mediating mechanism of gratitude from the perspective of the broaden-and-build theory through a 14-day daily diary study.
Participants: A total of 240 Chinese late adolescents (217 females; Mage = 19.02, SDage = 1.83) from a college volunteered for this study and completed questionnaires regarding CM, gratitude, and prosocial behavior.
Methods: A multilevel regression analysis was conducted to investigate which form of CM was correlated to prosocial behavior, and a multilevel mediation analysis was applied to examine the underlying mechanism (i.e., gratitude) behind this relationship.
Results: The results of the multilevel regression analysis showed that it was childhood emotional maltreatment, but not physical or sexual maltreatment that negatively predicted prosocial behavior. The results of the multilevel mediation analysis indicated that gratitude mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and prosocial behavior.
Conclusions: Findings from the present study highlight the predictive effect of childhood emotional maltreatment on late adolescents' prosocial behavior and the mediating role of gratitude in this link.
In this study, we explored whether satisfaction with government management, perception of risk, and gratitude influenced public anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using a cross-sectional, anonymous and confidential online survey, a nationwide sample of Chinese adults (N = 876) was targeted between March 25–March 30, 2020, a period in which newly confirmed cases significantly declined in China. The anxiety level was decreased as compared to that assessed during the peak period. Multiple parallel mediation modeling demonstrated that risk perception and gratitude partially mediated the relationship between satisfaction with government management and public anxiety. Increasing satisfaction and gratitude, as well as reducing risk perception contribute to the public’s mental health. The results may shed light on the positive factors for psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and may aid potential strategies for the policy maker, the public, and the clinic to regulate negative emotions or future emerging infectious diseases.
Suicide is unfortunately highly prevalent among older individuals. Addressing the issue from a positive psychology perspective can help understand what strengths one can foster to prevent older people from committing suicide. In the present chapter, I will first examine what suicide means to older people as well as summarize theoretical models that attempt to explain why they may choose to commit such an act. Second, I will look at how one can recognize the risk for self-harm among older individuals. Third, I will discuss the risk and protective factors from a developmental perspective, namely how developmental aspects in older age (e.g., social skills, cognitive abilities, personality traits, emotional regulation, physical attributes) can either facilitate or shield one from suicide in old age. Finally, I will explore how one can use positive psychology principles to design prevention programs for different target groups of older individuals. Also, I will analyse how developmental aspects concerning older age can play a role for suicide prevention.
Pain can unfortunately be part of everyday life in case of middle-aged and older individuals. Addressing pain experience from a positive psychology perspective can help older people cope effectively and stimulates their personal growth in the process. In this chapter, I will first examine what pain is and how it can be measured from a positive psychology viewpoint. Next, I will explore pain from the perspective of middle-aged and older individuals and look at theoretical models that explain the occurrence and persistence of pain in midlife and older age. Also, I will examine the effect of pain on development in all life domains (i.e. cognitive, physical, social, emotional, personality). Finally, I will apply positive psychology principles to reflect on what interventions can be designed to help middle-aged and older people prevent or manage their pain.
Development in any life domain (e.g. physical, cognitive, social, emotional, personality) starts with an evaluation of what we want to change, how to achieve change, and how to measure the accomplishment of our change goals. In this sense, defining and operationalizing development in midlife and older age are relevant for formulating criteria for personal growth, exploring change process, and evaluating the achievement of developmental goals. The first part of this chapter deals with issues such as how one measures development in middle and older age, how people themselves define and evaluate positive ageing, and what implications such definitions have for assessing development in older age. Criteria and standards for evaluating self-improvement or change are examined in the context of ageing and development research. The relevance of criteria versus process-oriented theories of positive ageing are analysed in reference to developmental issues. In the second part of the chapter, different quantitative and qualitative methods for studying development in older age are presented and discussed.
Depression has negative consequences for development across the lifespan, however little is known about what role it can play for personal growth in older age. Also, depression usually constitutes part of an ageing stereotype that it is normal to experience depression in older age when there is not much to expect from life. Positive psychology focuses mainly on increasing or maintaining positive emotions. Thus, addressing depression prevention and interventions from a positive psychology perspective constitutes an interesting challenge. The present chapter will explore the characteristics of depression in older age as well as how it can be diagnosed among older adults. Next, I will examine what factors explain the occurrence of depression in older age and how depression may affect personal development in several areas of growth (i.e., cognitive, emotional, social, physical, personality). Finally, I will analyse how one can apply positive psychology principles to design prevention programs and interventions to enhance developmental assets and help older individuals who suffer from depression.
Loneliness is usually connected to negative emotions in midlife and older age such as feeling rejected and experiencing anxiety or depression. However, loneliness experienced for a short-time period can have positive consequences for self-development in terms of self-reflection and effort invested in personal growth. Exploring loneliness in midlife and older age from a positive psychology perspective represents an interesting challenge as the negative consequences of loneliness increase with ageing. In this chapter, I examine loneliness in midlife and older age, by considering theoretical definitions, the factors that determine its occurrence, as well as how middle-aged and older individuals describe the experience of feeling lonely. Next, I discuss the issue of measuring loneliness in later stages of life and summarize a few instruments that can be used to do so. Finally, I explore the links between loneliness and development in different areas (i.e., cognitive, emotional, social, physical, personality) and how to apply positive psychology principles to prevent or reduce the incidence of loneliness in midlife and older age.
Kebahagiaan guru TK merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan pendidikan anak, tetapi, jika guru memiliki masalah personal dan masalah organisasi dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kebahagiaan yang dirasakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh kebersyukuran dan persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap kebahagiaan guru taman kanak-kanak di Purwokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif kolerasional. Populasi sebanyak 310 guru taman kanak-kanak Purwokerto dengan sampel 167 yang dipilih dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah skala kebersyukuran, skala persepsi dukungan organisasi, dan skala kebahagiaan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pengujian outer model dan inner model dengan bantuan bantuan software SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebersyukuran dan persepsi dukungan organisasi dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan guru TK. Guru Taman kanak-kanak yang selalu bersyukur dan mendapatkan dukungan dari lingkungan organisasi maka lebih merasakan kebahagiaan. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya penguatan faktor personal dan faktor organisasional dalam meningkatkan kebahagiaan guru TK.
The current study is examined the relationship between gratitude, happiness and life satisfaction among university students. This study is quantitative in nature and the data will be collected through online survey from both (arts and science) stream of university students. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between gratitude, happiness and satisfaction in life among university students. The findings from this study suggest that gratitude is uniquely associated with happiness and satisfaction in life.
This paper examines the claim that feelings of gratitude to God are the proper measure for the authenticity and depth of gratitude to God. I want to illuminate what makes that claim seem obvious and then argue that it is false. I hope to show that feeling grateful to God, although not insignificant, is, from the Christian perspective at least, by no means the best barometer of gratitude to God. To those ends, first, I sketch out the structure of gratitude. Next, I explain four ways that gratitude to God stretches or breaks with the paradigmatic structure of standard interpersonal gratitude. I then show how current empirical studies of gratitude to God haven’t been sufficiently attentive to the disanalogy between standard interpersonal gratitude and gratitude to God. Finally, I turn to the Bible to consider how we should rethink gratitude to God if we reject the commonsense view.
Current work on meaning-making has primarily focused on major negative life events such as trauma and loss, leaving common daily adversities unexplored. This study aimed to examine how utilizing meaning-making strategies such as positive reappraisal and self-distancing (in isolation or in combination) can facilitate an adaptive processing of these daily negative experiences. Overall meaning and facets of meaning (coherence, purpose, and significance/mattering) were assessed at both global and situational levels. Results suggested that positive reappraisal was generally effective for enhancing situational meaning but not under all conditions. Specifically, when negative experiences were high on emotional intensity, reflecting on the experience from a distanced (third-person) perspective enhanced coherence and existential mattering more than engaging in positive reappraisal. However, when negative experiences were low on intensity, distanced reflection led to less coherence and mattering than positive reappraisal. The findings of this study elucidated the importance of examining the multidimensional construct of meaning at the facet level and highlighted the importance of applying different coping strategies to effectively make meaning out of daily negative experiences.
This study aimed to conduct a narrative review of the literatura to analyze the instruments used in clinical research for patient-reported outcomes measures in implant-supported oral rehabilitation. The search was conducted in index data bases of national and international journals without time restriction, in Portuguese and English, using the key words: dental implants, clinical research, patient-reported outcomes measures, quality of life. Currently, clinical studies should include results obtained through self- reporting of the perceived benefits of treatment in functional, psychological and social aspects. Most studies use instruments that add different dimensions of quality of life, such as GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index), DIDL (Dental Impacton Daily Living), OHIP (Oral Health Impact Profile), OHQoL-UK (W), OIDP (Oral impacts in daily presentations). In general, the itens in these questionnaires were formulated in a negative way, with a focuson problens, with OHIP-14 being the most used because it is simple, validated for several languages and consolidated for different clinical situations. Other positive psychology tools, such as the Rosenberg and McCullough questionnaires, have been suggested to assess the perception of self-esteen and gratitude, with a focus on long-term well-being and patient satisfaction. Qualitative or mixed method studies can also provide a better understanding of the results centered on patients undergoing rehabilitation with implants. Based on the observed literature, it is concluded that the study of patient-centered results can be enriched with the use of various methods to capture the patient's perception of the benefits of implant-supported rehabilitation. It is suggested the use of the OHIP-14, however, their use has limitations that can be partially met by the application of questionnaires related to positive psychology, as gratitude and self-esteen, which have positive fields.
Purpose:
The study examined the relationship between workplace toxicity and turnover intentions among Indian healthcare employees. It also explored the role of gratitude as a moderator in the workplace toxicity-turnover intentions relationship.
Design/methodology/approach:
The study is based on a cross-sectional research design. The sample comprises 315 employees from the Indian healthcare sector. Approximately, 400 employees are approached both through email and office visits. Responses were received from 336 participants, and 21 incomplete questionnaires were discarded. The relationships between four variables of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions are examined using correlation and hierarchical regression. The moderation effect of gratitude is studied using the PROCESS macro in SPSS 21.
Findings:
The results revealed that workplace toxicity could explain 45.8% variations in employees' turnover intentions. It also reported significant negative regression coefficients between all four dimensions of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions. It suggested that toxic health organizations may promote turnover intentions among healthcare employees. Also, findings recommended a significant moderating effect of gratitude amid the relationships of four dimensions of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions.
Practical implications:
Hospital administrators must ensure that health professionals have the necessary support to remain effective in the field by providing a conducive working environment emerging from sound human resource practices that promote respect, collegial relationships, teamwork and collaboration. The present research demonstrates gratitude as one such factor that could act as a catalyst within the workplace. Practitioners could achieve a healthy work environment by developing complementary relief measures that build organizational capacities and improve its culture while sponsoring programs for individual employees that instill positivity through awareness of gratitude in everyday life.
Originality/value:
This study offered a comprehensive understanding of workplace toxicity by investigating its four dimensions. Also, it is one of the pioneer studies that evaluate the role of gratitude in restricting workplace toxicity-induced turnover intentions.
هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى أكثر العوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية شيوعًا، والتعرف إلى مستوى الامتنان، والتحقق من القدرة التنبؤية للعوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية بالامتنان، والكشف عن الفروق في العوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية، والامتنان وفقًا لمتغير الجنس، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (206) طالبًا من جامعة الأقصى، واستخدم الباحث مقياس العوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية من إعداد أشتون وليي Ashtoni& Lee (2009) ، ترجمة الراجحية وآخرين (2020) ، ومقياس الامتنان من إعداد عزب وآخرين (2019)، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى الامتنان، والعوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية جاءت بدرجة مرتفعة، باستثناء بُعد القبول جاء بدرجة متوسطة، وبُعد الانفعالية جاء بدرجة منخفضة، وبينت النتائج وجود قدرة تنبؤية للعوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية بالامتنان، باستثناء بُعد الانفعالية، وأشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق في العوامل الستة الكبرى للشخصية تبعاً لمتغير الجنس، ما عدا بُعد القبول، فالفروق لصالح الذكور، ووجود فروق في الامتنان تبعاً لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث. DOI: 10.53285/2117-000-014-002
This research aims to determine the relationship between Gratefulness and Subjective Well-Being. The research subjects used in this research were 34 female nurses and midwives at Sis Al-Djufrie Hospital, Palu City. This research uses quantitative methods. Data obtained instrument from a scale to measure Gratitude questionnaire to see the life-size of the subject and the Positive affect negative affect schedule-Expanded form scale to measure positive and negative effects on individuals and use the Satisfaction with Life Scale to measure the level of individual life satisfaction. Analysis of the data used is using Pearson Product Moment correlation. The result of data analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.655 with a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05) and showed a very significant positive relationship between thanksgiving and Subjective Well-Being. The results of this study indicate that the contribution given by gratitude to the Subjective Well-Being is 42.9 percent, this indicates a very significant relationship between the variables of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being towards female nurses and midwives.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.