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Prevalence of depression symptoms in medical students of the medical program from the University of Caldas, Manizales-Colombia
Abstract
Introduction: actually, it isunderstood that maladjustment reactions to subjected psychosocial stressors occur in a short time after the apparition of the stressor. They manifest through the occupational and social functioning damage or through the symptoms (anxiety, depression, etc.) which are excessively compared with a normal and expected reaction to the stressor. The medicine formation is associated to diverse tensions in the students. This has important implications that extends beyond the medical education impacting in a negative way on the academic and professional development. Methodology: this is a descriptive, cross study, the sample was of 132 medical students enrolled in the second trimester of the 2013, randomized, to which was applied the Beck depression scale, them were classified according to depressive symptomatology and severity, in the same way sociodemographic data was obtained, it was made an association analyses between factors like: economic stratum, sex, age, work activity, living further away from home, and others. Results: from the sample of 132 students, it was found that 30 of them presented depressive symptomatology with a global prevalence of 22,7%. There was no statistical significance regarding the associated factors to the depressive symptomatology. It was founded that from this surveyed, 23 (76, 6%) presented minimum depression, 4 (13,3%) to mild depression, 3 (10%) to moderate depression and anyone (0%) presented severe depression. The bigger depression prevalence was found in third semester Conclusion: the depressive symptomatology in medical students of the University of Caldas is prevalent and is associated to many daily life factors to the students, this study could be the starting point for the implementation of mental health programs to the medical students and achieve a positive impact in the students that suffer the depressive symptomatology. It is necessary to realize more studies to confirm and follow the findings presented.
... Por tanto, es muy importante proteger la salud mental del personal de salud. Varias investigaciones han estudiado la presencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en estudiantes universitarios (Torales et al., 2013;Molina-Correa et al, 2018). En un estudio realizado en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina y Cirugía de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (FCM-UNA), el 18,7% presentó depresión y el 46,6 % ansiedad (Torales et al., 2013) la depresión se presentó en el 10,81% (Lobatón, Morales et al., 2020). ...
... En Colombia en un estudio realizado en estudiantes de segundo a séptimo/onceavo semestre de instrumentación quirúrgica y medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, el 30,15 % presentó algún síntoma de depresión, mientras que el 26,5 % describió alta ansiedad (Caro et al., 2019). Así mismo, en el 22,7 % de los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia se informó sintomatología depresiva (Molina-Correa et al., 2018). En Brasil, el 34,3 % de los estudiantes presentaron sintomatología de ansiedad y 19,7 % de depresión. ...
... A diferencia de un estudio realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Piura, donde se encontró que vivir solo si se encuentra asociado a la presencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión en los internos de medicina (Ato & Esther, 2018). En este estudio no se encontró asociación entre la procedencia y riesgo de desarrollar ansiedad y depresión, lo cual coincide con un estudio realizado en Colombia en estudiantes de medicina (Molina-Correa et al., 2018). Los estudiantes universitarios con dependencia económica tuvieron mayor probabilidad (valor p = 0,018) de desarrollar depresión (39,1 % vs 15,6). ...
El internado médico es una etapa con mucha predisposición a desarrollar ansiedad y depresión. Las medidas de seguridad por la pandemia por el coronavirus han contribuido con el riesgo de desarrollar estos trastornos mentales. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados del riesgo de desarrollar ansiedad y depresión en internos de medicina durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 de dos universidades privadas del Paraguay. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el que se incluyeron a los internos de medicina que aceptaron participar del estudio. La ansiedad y depresión se midieron mediante el test de Beck y de Zung enviados por las redes sociales. De 101 participantes, 77,2 % fueron mujeres, 39,5% mayores de 24 años, 84,2 % de zona urbana, 68,3 % con dependencia económica, 67,3 % tenían actividades recreativas, y 96 % amigos en la facultad. La predisposición de desarrollar ansiedad fue del 73,2 % y de depresión 31,6 %. Los estudiantes del sexo femenino tuvieron mayor probabilidad de desarrollar tanto ansiedad como depresión. Se evidenció una importante asociación entre ansiedad y depresión. La alta probabilidad de desarrollar ansiedad y depresión en los internos requiere de protocolos que garanticen el apoyo necesario para mejorar su bienestar.
... Scores can range from 0 to 63. The cutoff point adopted for depressive symptoms was $ 14 (Molina-Correa et al., 2018). ...
Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe the psychological and quality of life outcomes in demobilized Colombian ex-combatants.
Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 ex-combatants from the Colombian government's reintegration program. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We applied the Beck-II Depression Inventory, Resilience Scale, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF) for measuring symptoms of depression, resilience, discrimination, and quality of life, respectively.
Results:
The prevalence of PTSD was 63,8%, principally on ex-combatants with ≤10 years in the reinstatement program. Females with primary/elementary school, extremely low social status, unipersonal family type, family income <1 minimal wage, and symptoms of depression showed a higher prevalence ratio (>1.30). The mean scores of depression symptoms, resilience, and quality of life were systematically poorer in the group with PTSD. Significant differences were found Resilience scale domains Personal Competence (p = .043) and Acceptance of Self and Life (p = .012), WHOQOL-BREF Psychological (p = .029) and Environment domains (p = .015).
Conclusions:
Colombian ex-combatants with PTSD attending a reinstatement program presented a higher frequency of depression symptoms, lower quality of life, and lower resilience than those without PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
... For Venezuelan students, it was observed that 11.36% showed symptoms of mild to moderate depression, without recording any cases of severe depression, according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), which shows a rate close to that expressed by the 9% recorded by WHO for the general population. These results are analogs with the results obtained by Molina-Correa, Gómez-Puentes, Bonilla-Pabón and Ropero-Gutiérrez (2018), who in the study carried out to medical students of the Institute of Caldas found that 10% on average in students manifest some degree of depression. ...
The emergence of the pandemic has led to fundamental social and economic swaps throughout the world, the sponsored measures taken have a significant effect on the mental health of individuals. The objective of the study was to compare the level of depression related to the meaning of life in students in times of pandemic at the Continental University of Peru and the "Rafael María Baralt" National Experimental University of Venezuela. The type of research developed was descriptive correlational with a cross-sectional design. The sample was made up of two groups: the first corresponds to 300 students from Peru and 300 from Venezuela. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Dimensional Sense of Life Scale, standardized version for Latin America, were used as measurement instruments. With the Spearman correlation coefficient it was determined that there is a moderate negative relationship of -.610, which indicates that there is an inverse correlation in the variables level of depression and sense of life of the students and it was concluded that, among the students university students from both countries, there is a moderate inverse significant correlation between depression and the meaning of life, in the current times of pandemic.
The Beck Depression Inventory, IA (BDI-IA) has been shown to have good psychometric properties for the past forty years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure and provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the BDI-IA for Mexican adolescents. Three hundred eighty five adolescents in two samples (general community, psychiatric outpatients with and without major depressive disorders) completed the BDI-IA and a battery of measures of related constructs. The EFA showed a two-factor solution: the Cognitive-Affective one, and the Somatic one. The CFA indicated an acceptable fit of Beck's model. The BDI-IA showed an α = .92, and maintained a significant relationship with avoidance coping, ruminative response and anxiety measures. As well, the BDI-IA showed good sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed individuals. The BDI-IA is a valid and reliable measure of depressive symptoms in Mexican adolescents of clinical and non-clinical populations.
Antecedentes. El trastorno depresivo es una las entidades clínicas más investigadas en la población médica; también se han estudiado los síntomas depresivos en el ámbito universitario. Los niveles inusualmente altos de estrés y depresión en los estudiantes de medicina tienen implicaciones importantes que se extienden más allá de la educación médica. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la sintomatología depresiva en la población estudiantil de primero a décimo semestres, de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, en la ciudad de Bogotá y valorar posibles factores asociados. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra no aleatoria de 295 estudiantes de medicina de 17-28 años (81 por ciento de la población total de estudiantes). Se administro, en sus salones de clase, la Escala Auto-aplicada de Zung para depresión. Se obtuvo y clasificó según severidad la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva, también se obtuvieron datos pertinentes a edad, género, conformación familiar, si el estudiante tenía padre y/o madre militares y semestre académico. Los semestres se clasificaron en niveles bajo, medio y alto, de acuerdo al nivel adaptativo, transición de ciencias básicas a clínicas, exigencias y carga académica. Se realizó un análisis de correlación y de asociación entre los factores mencionados y la prevalencia de los síntomas depresivos. Resultados. La prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva leve fue de 26,1 por ciento, 21,7 por ciento de moderada y 5,4 por ciento de severa. Con una prevalencia global de 53,2 por ciento. Esta prevalencia disminuyó desde la edad de 21 años en adelante, aunque no de forma relevante; tampoco se halló relación significativa entre la edad y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Hubo diferencia importante entre hombres y mujeres, hallándose una mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en el género femenino (p=0,028). Se evidenció una relación significativa entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y los niveles semestrales bajos (p=0,004), los estudiantes que no tenían padres militares (p=0,012) y aquellos que convivían con abuelos (p=0,011). Conclusión. La sintomatología depresiva es importante en la población estudiantil médica. Los estudiantes de medicina tuvieron el doble de probabilidad de sufrir de síntomas depresivos que la población general. Los resultados son útiles para el análisis de la salud mental en el medio universitario y como guía para planear estudios longitudinales. Se requieren estudios de mejor diseño para confirmar los hallazgos aquí expuestos. Se requiere intervención mediante actividades de promoción, prevención e identificación de casos en las facultades de medicina.
The prevalence of depression among medical students is significantly higher than that from the general population or other undergraduate students and can result in dropping out, in such a way that the grow-ing number of students who have dropped due to their poor perfor-mance or their vocational indecision could be related to the presence of this condition. Objective and methodology To identify if the depressive symptoms presented by medical students from first year were associated with poor performance. The study included 774 medical students in their first year (66.4% female, 33.6% male, average age: 18.6 ± 1.7 years). The Beck Inventory for Depression and the SCL90 (Symptom-CheckList) depression sub-scale were used. Statistical analysis. Descriptive analyzes were performed, χ 2 , Student t test and logistic regression.
Medical education and training can directly contribute to the development of psychological distress in medical students. This can lead to catastrophic consequences such as impaired academic performance, impaired competency, medical errors and attrition from medical school. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological morbidity among Iranian medical students.
This was a cross-sectional study. Samples of medical students in different levels of training (basic science, clinical clerkship, internship, and residency stage) were entered into the study. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to measure psychological morbidity. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to report on findings.
In all, 220 medical students were invited to take part in the study. Of these, 192 students agreed to fill in the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 25.4 (SD = 5.2) and 53% were female. Overall 49.5% of the students scored above the threshold on the GHQ-12 (score > 3.5). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis indicated that female gender and level of training were the most significant contributing factors to increased psychological distress [OR for female gender = 2.99; OR for the basic science group = 6.73].
Psychological distress appears to be common in medical students and significantly varies by gender and level of training. The psychological well-being of medical students needs to be more carefully addressed, and closer attention to eliminating the risk factors is critical to prevent consequent adverse outcomes.
En: Análisis y modificación de conducta Valencia 2003, v. 29, n. 124; p. 239-288 Este estudio presenta los primeros pasos para obtener una adaptación española del Inventario de la Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer y Brown, 1996), ofreciendo datos sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de 590 estudiantes universitarios españoles. La consistencia interna del BDI-II fue elevada (coeficiente alfa de 0,89). La distribución de puntuaciones del BDI-II fue similar a la encontrada en estudios previos, con una media superior en 3 puntos a la que se suele obtener con su predecesor, el BDI-IA, lo que justifica incrementar las puntuaciones para definir las categorías de gravedad de la depresión. Los análisis factoriales indicaron que el BDI-II mide una dimensión general de depresión compuesta por dos factores altamente relacionados, uno cognitivos-afectivo y otro somático-motivacional. Los ítems del BDI-II cubren todos los criterios diagnósticos sintomáticos del DSM-IV para el trastorno depresivo mayor y el distímico, lo que apoya su validez de contenido. En términos de consistencia interna, validez factorial y validez de contenido, el BDI-II parece mejor instrumento que el BDI-IA para evaluar sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes universitarios. En una submuestra de 165 estudiantes, y tomando como criterio la entrevista estructurada por ordenador Quick DIS-III-R, el BDI-II demostró una validez aceptable para discriminar entre personas con y sin episodio depresivo mayor. No se encontraron diferencias entre sexos ni entre grupos de edad en la puntuación total del inventario, por lo que se ofrecen varemos generales del BDI-II para estudiantes universitarios, p. 283-288
To compare the prevalence of burnout and other forms of distress across career stages and the experiences of trainees and early career (EC) physicians versus those of similarly aged college graduates pursuing other careers.
In 2011 and 2012, the authors conducted a national survey of medical students, residents/fellows, and EC physicians (≤ 5 years in practice) and of a probability-based sample of the general U.S. population. All surveys assessed burnout, symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation, quality of life, and fatigue.
Response rates were 35.2% (4,402/12,500) for medical students, 22.5% (1,701/7,560) for residents/fellows, and 26.7% (7,288/27,276) for EC physicians. In multivariate models that controlled for relationship status, sex, age, and career stage, being a resident/fellow was associated with increased odds of burnout and being a medical student with increased odds of depressive symptoms, whereas EC physicians had the lowest odds of high fatigue. Compared with the population control samples, medical students, residents/fellows, and EC physicians were more likely to be burned out (all P < .0001). Medical students and residents/fellows were more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression than the population control samples (both P < .0001) but not more likely to have experienced recent suicidal ideation.
Training appears to be the peak time for distress among physicians, but differences in the prevalence of burnout, depressive symptoms, and recent suicidal ideation are relatively small. At each stage, burnout is more prevalent among physicians than among their peers in the U.S. population.
Residency training is in crisis. There have been calls for change in both the lay press and the professional literature. Some prestigious residency programs have failed to fill their slots in the matching process. Legislation affecting residency programs has been proposed in several states. Increasingly active house staff unions are demanding changes. In this article we review the literature describing the stresses experienced by residents in training, the toll these stresses may take on residents, and the suggestions that have been made for reducing these stresses.
304 first- and second-year medical students were prospectively assessed for depression with a monthly Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Students scoring above nine on the BDI and a control group were then interviewed with the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The incidence of major depression or probable major depression by DSM-III criteria during the first two years of medical school was 12%. The lifetime prevalence was 15%, three times greater than the rate in the general population. An episode of depression prior to medical school was much more common among the depressed students (69 vs. 8%, P less than 0.001) as was a family history of treated depression (46 vs. 21%, P less than 0.025). The elevated rate of depression during medical school does not appear to be a result of the medical school experience alone. Rather, it suggests a positive bias of unknown nature in the selection of students predisposed to depression.
To investigate the association between attitudes toward caring for the medically indigent and years of medical training.
Questionnaire comparing attitudes of first-year medical students (MS-Is) and fourth-year medical students (MS-IVs).
Southwest medical school.
A total of 83 (67%) male and 41 (33%) female MS-I and 65 (73%) male and 24 (27%) female MS-IV volunteers.
Self-report, attitudinal scale developed for this study that provided a measure of overall attitudes, perceived societal expectations, physician/student responsibility, personal efficacy, and provision of basic services and expensive procedures.
Overall attitudes were significantly less favorable for MS-IVs (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.6 to 106.2) than MS-Is (95% CI, 109.5 to 114.3, P < .0001). Except for basic services (P = .46), MS-IVs had worse attitudes on all attitudes subscales. Male MS-IVs reported significantly less favorable attitudes than male MS-Is in the areas of general attitudes (P = .03) and physician/student responsibility (P = .01). Female medical students showed no significant differences across classes (P > .05). Except for physician/student responsibility, female medical students' attitudes were more favorable than those of males, regardless of class.
The MS-IVs are less favorably inclined toward caring for the medically indigent than MS-Is, though these differences are apparent only for males. Further research is needed to explore why females appear to be more resistant to attitude changes, and what educational interventions are necessary to better train physicians to respond to national health care issues.
Although the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is commonly used to assess levels of depressive symptoms in socially anxious adults, its psychometric properties in this context have never been formally examined. Therefore, we examined the psychometrics of the BDI in a sample of adults with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (N = 113). The BDI exhibited good internal consistency and re-test reliability. It also correlated significantly more strongly with other measures of depression than with measures of either social or non-social anxiety. Thus, the BDI appears to be a valid tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms in adults with social anxiety disorder.
Burnout is a syndrome of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and a sense of low personal accomplishment. Little is known about burnout in residents or its relationship to patient care.
To determine the prevalence of burnout in medical residents and explore its relationship to self-reported patient care practices.
Cross-sectional study using an anonymous, mailed survey.
University-based residency program in Seattle, Washington.
115 internal medicine residents.
Burnout was measured by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and was defined as scores in the high range for medical professionals on the depersonalization or emotional exhaustion subscales. Five questions developed for this study assessed self-reported patient care practices that suggested suboptimal care (for example, "I did not fully discuss treatment options or answer a patient's questions" or "I made...errors that were not due to a lack of knowledge or inexperience"). Depression and at-risk alcohol use were assessed by using validated screening questionnaires.
Of 115 (76%) responding residents, 87 (76%) met the criteria for burnout. Compared with non-burned-out residents, burned-out residents were significantly more likely to self-report providing at least one type of suboptimal patient care at least monthly (53% vs. 21%; P = 0.004). In multivariate analyses, burnout--but not sex, depression, or at-risk alcohol use--was strongly associated with self-report of one or more suboptimal patient care practices at least monthly (odds ratio, 8.3 [95% CI, 2.6 to 26.5]). When each domain of burnout was evaluated separately, only a high score for depersonalization was associated with self-reported suboptimal patient care practices (in a dose-response relationship).
Burnout was common among resident physicians and was associated with self-reported suboptimal patient care practices.
Depression is an underrecognized yet common and treatable disorder among medical students. Little is known about the rate of mental health service use by depressed medical students. This study sought to determine the level of mental health service use by depressed medical students and their reported barriers to use.
In the spring of 1994, a one-time survey of 194 first- and second-year medical students was conducted in the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. Outcome measures were self-reported use of counseling services, barriers to use, suicidal ideation, and depressive symptoms as measured by the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Twenty-four percent (n = 46) of the medical students were depressed by BDI criteria. Of the depressed students, only 22% (n = 10) were using mental health counseling services. The most frequently cited barriers to using these services were lack of time (48%), lack of confidentiality (37%), stigma associated with using mental health services (30%), cost (28%), fear of documentation on academic record (24%), and fear of unwanted intervention (26%).
These data demonstrate that depression among medical students may be undertreated. Medical schools can assist depressed students by addressing issues such as the stigma of using mental health services, confidentiality, and documentation. Early treatment of impaired future caregivers may have far-reaching implications for the individual students, their colleagues, and their future patients.
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