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Medicinal Properties of Rosa canina L.
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Dog rose or Rosa canina L. is a perennial shrub that belongs to Rosacea family. It grows wild at the margin of forests, puddles of water, shrubberies and pastures. Rosa canina L. has been used for long years as a source of vitamins, medicinal supplements, and food throughout the world. It contains various vitamins (especially vitamin C) and other valuable compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. The medicinal properties of rose hip in the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatism and common cold are discussed in this paper. Moreover, there are evidences about anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties of this medicinal plant that have been reviewed in this article.
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... Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family and the genus Rosa [4]. Rosehip seeds contain about 10-15% oil, which consists of different fatty acids including linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids [5]. ...
... The pericarp of the rosehip fruit is a valuable and rich source of vitamins (especially vitamin C), tocopherols, carotenoids (lycopene and beta-carotene), minerals (calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, and zinc), organic acids, tannins, pectin, and amino acids [4,11]. It is utilized in a variety of products like herbal tea, medicinal goods, marmalade, jelly, jam, and soft drinks [5,12]. ...
Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a perennial medicinal plant from the Rosaceae family. Due to its important bioactive compounds and oil, its use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is expanding. As elicitation is an effective strategy for the production of secondary metabolites and oil, this study aimed to investigate the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM) and jasmonic acid (JA) (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM) on the accumulation and production of oil, the profile of seed fatty acids, as well as the content of phenolic acids, vitamin C, total carotenoid, anthocyanin, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of rosehip pericarp. Based on the results, applying SA and JA externally increased the seed oil content by 32.57% compared to the control. The treatment of 3 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA resulted in the highest (11.68%) seed oil content. Eicosanoic acid and palmitic acid production increased under this treatment, while the amount of linoleic acid decreased as the concentrations of SA and JA increased. There was a significant increase in the amount of phenolic acids in rosehip pericarp extract under the influence of SA and JA treatments. Spraying with 3 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA increased vitamin C content and total phenol content by 50.44% and 39.13%, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, the treatment of 2 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA resulted in the highest total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and total carotenoid. These results suggest that using appropriate concentrations of SA and JA as biodegradable, fast, and cost-effective stimulants can be a suitable solution for increasing the production of seed oil content and secondary metabolites of rosehip extract on a large scale, supplying raw material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
... Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a shrub whose natural range covers almost all of Europe, except its northern areas, North Africa and West Asia [Jürgens et al. 2017, Selahvarzian et al. 2018]. In addition to the ornamental qualities of the plants, flowers and fruits also have a high utilitarian value. ...
... There is also great interest in using rose hips due to their high biological value [Jabłońska-Ryś et al. 2009, Fan et al. 2014, Iancu et al. 2020. Rose hips have a high antioxidant potential compared to many other wild fruits and can be used instead of synthetic antioxidants [Olsson et al. 2004, Jabłońska-Ryś et al. 2009, Egea et al. 2010, Fan et al. 2014, Selahvarzian et al. 2018, Daels-Rakotoarison et al. 2022]. The high antioxidant activity of R. canina fruit is due to the content of many compounds with such activity [Olsson et al. 2004, Roman et al. 2013, Daels-Rakotoarison et al. 2022]. ...
Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a beautiful ornamental plant that provides fruit with high biological value. To be available throughout the year, rose hips need to be conserved, such as dried and canned. For this reason, a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of drying as the most common method for preservation. Therefore, the influence of variation drying temperature (20, 35 and 68 °C) on the content of flavonoids, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity - determined using the free radical source DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and a test measuring the measuring of compounds to reduce ferric ions Fe3+ (FRAP) - of rose hips was the main topic in this study. Drying decreased total polyphenols (from 38.06 mg g–1 by fresh fruits to 9.41 mg g–1 drying to 20 °C), ascorbic acid (from 2000.5 mg 100 g–1 by fresh fruits to 1308.2 mg 100 g–1 drying to 68 °C) and flavonoids, the latter only in those dried at 35 °C (0.54 mg g–1), but did not affect the antioxidant activity of DPPH (84.21–85.73%) and FRAP (2.99–3.41 mgTr g–1). The study also showed that the extraction time influenced the antioxidant activity level of fruit infusions for the first time. The antioxidant potential FRAP value increased systematically with extraction time, but the DPPH values of extracts obtained from dried rose hips were not affected by the extraction time. These results indicate that changes in the antioxidant activity of extracts may not be linear and that the choice of the time of evaluation of this activity may determine the results.
... Dog rose hips are rich in ascorbic acid, have a high content of biologically active compounds and an antioxidant effect. Thus, the study of these compounds in dog rose plants in the steppe zone will allow us to recommend species that are resistant and rich in vitamin C as raw materials for use in pharmacology(Czyzowska et al., 2015;Selahvarzian et al., 2018;Tumbas et al., 2021;Ubaydullayev et al., 2021; Widen et al., 2012).The aim of our work was to study the physiological and biochemical parameters of plant adaptation in the Steppe zone, to develop criteria for diagnosing the resistance of different species of the genus Rosa L. and the physiological basis of their introduction into landscaping.The research was carried out in the conditions of the Steppe zone, about which the compressed climatic-geographical characteristic was given. Features of temperature regime and moisture supply for years of the research were considered. ...
L 99 I 88 Lykholat, Y. V. (Ed.). (2022). Optimization of the fruit plants species composition and improving the quality of plant materials under climate change. LIRA, Dnipro. 204 p. ISBN 978-966-981-624-5 The manuscript presents the results of studying the secondary metabolism of local and introduced fruit crops, which are low common in the steppe zone of Ukraine, including some species of mountain ash, shadberry, chaenomeles, actinidia, peach and its hybrids, and yoshta. The features of the phenolic compounds accumulation in the generative and vegetative parts of plants have been studied and their antioxidant capacity has been determined. Differences in the leaf cuticular waxes component composition were found in the connection with plant resistance to the pathogens. Pronounced antimicrobial effects of the extracts from the plant's fruits and leaves were shown. The productivity and stability of various species of the genus Rosa, varieties of apple trees, grapes and winter wheat under the conditions of climate change have been established. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in the bioactive compounds, and the problem of bacterial and fungal drug resistance as well. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers. UDC 581+634](477.63+477.52)=111
... It has been confirmed in various researches that R. canina is able to reduce cardiovascular diseases by reducing blood pressure and LDL (Andersson et al., 2012;Selahvarzian et al., 2018). In addition to vitamin C, the fruit of the R. canina plant contains phytochemicals such as carotenoids, amino acids, tocopherol, tannins, pectin, sugars, bioflavonoids, organic acids, and essential oils. ...
The Nastaran plant, with the scientific name of Rosa canina, has been used since ancient times as a plant with medicinal properties. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to examine the protective effects of R. canina fruit extract (RCFE) and its flavonoid ingredient (quercetin) against H2O2-induced cell injury. RCFE (1.25–20 μg/mL) and quercetin (1.25–20 μM) were exposed to H2O2-oxidizing agent (1 and 2 mM) and the protective effect was examined on HUVEC cells by Alamar Blue test. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by using DCFDA reagent by fluorimetric method. The effects of RCFE and quercetin on cell apoptosis were studied by staining with hypotonic PI solution and flow cytometry. The amount of PARP and survivin involved in the apoptotic process was measured using the western blot analysis. The results of the Alamar Blue test showed that RCFE and quercetin could reduce the toxicity of H2O2. RCFE and quercetin were able to significantly increase cell viability against H2O2. Also, it was found that RCFE and quercetin reduced the production of ROS by H2O2. It was found that RCFE and quercetin reduced the apoptosis and sub-G1 peak area in flow histogram after exposure of cells to H2O2. Based on western blot results, pretreatment with RCFE and quercetin could significantly increase survivin protein after exposure of cells to H2O2. Also, RCFE and quercetin could significantly reduce the amount of cleaved PARP after exposure of cells to H2O2. RCFE and its ingredient (quercetin) can be considered a promising source of phytochemicals in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
... Rosehip essential oil is composed mainly of alcohols, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes [48]. Rosehips are traditionally employed to treat cancer, high blood sugar, cardiovascular diseases, influenza, inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and chronic pain [49]. ...
This study was conducted to investigate the traditional medicinal plants used by local people in order to treat various types of respiratory disorders in Dereboğazı village (Erzurum). The present ethnomedical study was conducted in Dereboğazı (Palandöken, Erzurum - East Anatolia), between 2019-2020 years. Information on the ethnobotanical use of plant taxa were gathered through in-person interviews with Dereboğazı people and recorded using a questionnaire form. In order to gather ethnomedical data, 63 informants—16 men and 47 women—participated in the study. Samples of plants were prepared and placed in the Herbarium of Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry (KATO). This study reported 32 native and exotic vascular plant taxa from 13 families and 24 genera from Dereboğazı being ethnomedicinally used for treating various types of respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, common cold, cough, flu and sore throat. The most common traditional method of using plants for therapeutic purposes is decoction (23 plant taxa). As a result of the study, the families with the highest number of plant taxa were Lamiaceae (9 taxa), Rosaceae (6), Asteraceae and Moraceae (3). The most commonly used plant parts by the local people were identified as aerial parts (13 taxa), fruits (8 taxa), leaves and dried fruits (7 taxa) and flowers (6 taxa). The present and similar studies, which include ethnomedical information on biological resources, will contribute to the field of pharmacy and medical science.
Ethnobotanical studies not only record the interaction between plants and humans for centuries, but also allow the benefits of this interaction to be used for the development of rural areas. The Taşköprü and Kayaüstü plateaus in the province of Gümüşhane served as the study's locations. The aim of the study was to reveal the ethnobotanical uses of natural plants by the local people and to determine the production techniques of these species. As a result of interviews with local people in Taşköprü and Kayaüstü plateaus, natural plant taxa used by local people were identified. Information such as local names of these plants, areas of use, parts used, preparation methods were recorded. Twenty-seven natural plant taxa were identified in the study; these plant taxa are Alchemilla erythropoda Juz., A. sericea Willd., A. mollis (Buser) Rothm, Astragalus acmophyllus Bunge, Berberis vulgaris L., B. integerrima Bunge, Caltha palustris L., Crataegus orientalis Pallas ex Bieb. var. orientalis Pallas ex Bieb., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall., Rosa canina L., R. montana Chaix subsp. woronowii (Lonacz.) Ö.Nilsson, R. pimpinellifolia L., Rubus canescens DC. var. canescens, R. idaeus L., R. saxatilis L., Rumex alpinus L., R. angustifolius Campd. subsp. angustifolius, R. ponticus E.H.L. Krause, R. scutatus L., Sempervivum davisii subsp. furseorum (Muirhead) Karaer, Smilax excelsa L., Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov & Des.-Shost., T. sipyleus BOISS subsp. sipyleus BOISS, Urtica dioica L., Vaccinium myrtillus L. and V. uliginosum L. It was concluded that the most common methods used to produce the 27 plant taxa identified in the research area were seed (52%), tissue culture (27%) and cuttings (21%).
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emerged as a critical global public health issue, necessitating the exploration of alternative measures to combat infectious diseases. Traditional medicinal plants have been long recognized for their potential in providing natural compounds with antimicrobial properties for various therapeutic purposes. The diverse plant biodiversity in Turkey offers a promising potential for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts from several endemic and non-endemic plant species against various microorganisms. The endemic species included Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. lydium (stem), Euphorbia anacampseros var. tmolea Boiss. (root), Stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea Boiss. (leaves and stem), Rosa pisiformis subsp. pisiformis (fruit, petiole, root, leaves), while non-endemic species were represented by cultivated Aronia melanocarpa (fruit). In this research, the effectiveness of V. lydium, E. anacampseras, R. pisiformis (all tested parts) and A. melanocarpa (fruits) were demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves of R. pisiformis showed the most promising bioactivity with a MIC value of 62.5 µg mL-1 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa among all tested extracts. In addition, the results showed that antimicrobial bioactivities were observed for Candida parapsilosis, C. glabrata and Klebsiella pneumoniae for V. lydium; S. tmolea and R. pisiformis with MIC values of 31.5 µg mL-1 per each. The findings of this study could provide valuable information for future research into the use of Turkish plants for pharmacological purposes, public health and traditional medicine applications.
Aerobic exercise and some bioactive compounds in medicinal plants have anti-obesity effects and can suppress body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effects of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) and supplementation of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina fruit seed (RC) in obese male rats. In this experimental study, 24 high-fat diet (HFD) obese male Wistar rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 rat in group), including 1. HFD (the control group), 2. HFD + AE, 3. HFD + RC and 4. HFD + AE + RC. An obesity protocol was implemented for 12 weeks with the consumption of HFD along with the consumption of water containing 1 % fructose. Afterwards, the animals were given access only to HFD food until the end of the study in all the groups. After the obesity protocol, 6 weeks of exercise (50-70 % VO2 max) and access to the extract (1 % of the consumed food) were given. Bodyweight, subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, and some serum lipid profiles were measured in the experimental groups. The serum levels of irisin and adipolin were evaluated by the ELISA method. Expression of FNDC5 and CTRP12 in adipose tissue were determined by real-time PCR. The findings of this study showed that body weight (P = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (P = 0.001), and lipid profile were significantly reduced in HFD + AE and HFD + AE + RC groups compared with the HFD group. Irisin was significantly increased in the HFD + AE and HFD + AE + RC groups compared with the HFD group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001; respectively) and in the HFD + AE + RC group compared with the HFD + RC group (P = 0.004). Moreover, adipolin, expression of FNDC5 and CTRP12 were significantly increased in the HFD + AE + RC group compared with the HFD group (P = 0.004, P = 0.023, and P = 0.001; respectively). Altogether, HFD + AE with HFD + RC diet supplementation could reduce weight and the risks of obesity, at least, through the up-regulation of irisin and adipolin.
Rosa canina is a member of the genus Rosa that has long been used for medical objectives. Several studies have reported cytotoxic effects of different Rosa species, but there has been only limited investigation of the cytotoxic effect of R. canina. The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential effect of R. canina extract on cell viability, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of telomerase in human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined using MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of extract was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis and the cell cycle using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method, and expression levels of telomerase were studied using RT-PCR. R. canina extract exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells compared with normal colon cells. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. R. canina extract significantly repressed telomerase expressions at treatment times of 48 and 72 h in WiDr cells. Our results suggest that R. canina may have considerable potential for development as a novel natural product-based anticancer agent.
Background: Rosa canina L. (rose hip) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus in Iran. However, no scientific human study has determined its efficacy in diabetic patients.
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of R. canina fruit aqueous extract in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 35 - 60 years with fasting blood glucose levels between 130 to 200 mg/dL and HbA1c between 7 - 9% despite using conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs were divided randomly to two groups. Two groups of 25 and 23 patients completing the trial received 750 mg R. canina fruit extract and 750 mg toast powder as placebo two times a day respectively for three months.
Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as primary outcomes and postprandial blood glucose (PBG), lipid profile and hepatic and renal function tests as secondary outcomes were determined at baseline and at endpoint of treatment. The patients were asked to note down any gastrointestinal or other side effects during the study.
Results: The FBG level decreased significantly (P = 0.002) in R. canina group after 3 months compared to the baseline. In addition total cholesterol/HDL-C was significantly (P = 0.02) decreased in the R. canina group compared to the baseline. Other blood parameters were not significantly changed during the study compared with placebo and baseline. No serious side effects were reported in both groups during the study.
Conclusion: Rosa canina 3-month administration to type 2 diabetic patients may reduce fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol/HDL-C without any side effect.
The in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant effects of different fractions of Rosa canina hips on human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was studied. The compounds tested were total extract (fraction 1), vitamin C (fraction 2), neutral polyphenols (fraction 3) and acidic polyphenols (fraction 4). All the extracts showed high cytotoxicity after 72 h, both low and high concentrations. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that all the fractions produce disturbances in the cell cycle resulting in a concomitant cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Changes in the redox status of Caco-2 cells in response to Rosa canina hips were determined. Cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide in presence of plant fractions and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was significantly decreased. Therefore, our data demonstrate that rosehip extracts are a powerful antioxidant that produces an antiproliferative effect in Caco-2 cells. Therefore, these results predict a promising future for Rosa canina as a therapeutic agent. Thus, this natural plant could be an effective component of functional foods addressed towards colorectal carcinoma.
Rosa canina fruits have been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The aim of current study was to evaluate the in vitro mechanism of action of R canina in managing diabetes mellitus. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were performed on pancreatic β-cells, βTC6. The protective activity of the extract on streptozotocin-induced death in βTC6 cells was studied. The effect of R canina on the metabolism of glucose in HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, was evaluated. The effect of the extract on glucose diffusion across the dialysis membrane, which is a comfortable model for assessing cellular glucose absorption, was evaluated. The results obtained from current study confirmed that R canina extract can act as a growth factor for pancreatic β-cell line providing a novel mechanism for the observed antidiabetic effect of this natural agent. Further preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate the perfect mechanism of action of R canina in diabetes mellitus.
Objective:
The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of hydro-ethanolic fruit extract of Rosa canina (R. canina) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Materials and methods:
Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups of 8 animals of each, including control, toxic (CCl4), R. canina 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg + CCl4 and R. canina 750 mg/kg alone. R. canina (p.o., daily) and CCl4 (1 ml/kg twice a week, 50% v/v in olive oil, i.p.) were administered to animals for six weeks. Serum analysis was performed to assay the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Biochemical observations were also supplemented with histopathological examination (haematoxylin and eosin staining) of liver section.
Results:
Hepatotoxicity was evidenced by considerable increase in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and decrease in levels of ALB and TP. Injection of CCL4 also induced congestion in central vein, and lymphocyte infiltration. Treatment with hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of R. canina at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced CCl4-elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP and MDA (p<0.01). The extract also increased the serum levels of ALB and TP compared to CCl4 group (p<0.01) at the indicated dose Histopathological studies supported the biochemical finding.
Conclusion:
Our finding indicated hepatoprotective effects of the hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of R. canina on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats and suggested that these effects may be produced through reducing oxidative stress.
Kaj Winther,1 Anne Sophie Vinther Hansen,1 Joan Campbell-Tofte2 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; 2Coordinating Research Unit, Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: Rosa canina pseudo fruits, often referred to as rose hips, have been used as herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years, yet research has only recently begun to clarify specific mechanisms by which this plant product affects human health. Numerous compounds have been identified, and speculations of their bioactivity have implicated flavonoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids (FAs). With more than 4,500 representatives, flavonoids have been subjected to comprehensive research, with results that suggest various individual structures may be health-promoting compounds, also in rose hips. The importance of carotenoids from R. canina is currently being debated, because the demonstration of specific bioactivity among this group is presently less clear. The benefits of specific FAs have been investigated for decades, and several types of FAs are termed “essential” for human health. The specific mechanisms for bioactivity associated with three FAs that are abundant in R. canina fruits have been clarified in research. For example, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid (mostly present in the seeds from R. canina) and a galactolipid ((2S)-1,2-di-O-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9-12-15-trienoyl]-3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl glycerol), referred to as GOPO, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the published literature on rose hip research, with emphasis on the broadness and varying significance of the publications. Initially, we describe the chemical ingredients of R. canina pseudo fruits, with some focus on what ingredients are found in the whole pseudo fruit and what we know is confined to the seeds (achene seeds), and/or the shells (hypanthium). Then, we evaluate important papers describing the in vitro investigations of the bioactivity and impacts of the constituents of rose hip. Keywords: rose hip, Rosa canina, antioxidants, anti-inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) is the pseudo-fruit of the rose plant, which is widely known as a valuable source of polyphenols and vitamin C. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated
that this fruit exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesogenic activities. The health benefits of Rose hip (RH) have been attributed to its wide range of bioactive compounds including the anti-inflammatory galactolipid: (2S)-1,2-di-O-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl]-3-O-β-D
galactopyranosyl glycerol (GOPO), vitamin C, phenolics, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and other carotenoids. As cyclooxygenase inhibitors, RH compounds may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and various inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the functional, medical, and physiological properties of RH.
Rosehip fruits (Rosa canina L.) are rich of antioxidant compounds, especially Vitamin C. In this study different parts of the fruit (skin, seeds, and pappi) were extracted separately for determination of their content of Vitamin C. Theantioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated. The results show that the dog rose has a significantly large amount of Vitamin C, most of it being concentrated in the skin. High oil content is found in the seeds, so they can be used for oil production. It was also found that the pappi had a high calorific effect and might be used as a source of thermal energy.
Rosa canina L. fruits (Rosaceae) are used to treat diabetes in Anatolia traditionally. In this study, the ethanol extract of R. canina fruits and its fractions were screened for their antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activities. The ethanol extract that was administered for 7 days possessed a remarkable hypoglycemic effect at 250 mg/kg dose in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Then it was fractionated through successive solvent extractions to yield CHCl 3 Fr., EtOAc Fr., n -BuOH Fr. and R-H 2 O Fr. respectively. These fractions were administrated to normal plus glucose hyperglycemic rats. Additionally the subacute antidiabetic activities of the fractions were studied in diabetic rats for 7 days. The experimental data indicated that R-H 2 O Fr. Possessed significant antidiabetic activity (50-62%) in diabetic rats. Also, a minor hypoglycemic effect was observed in normoglycemic plus glucose-hyperglycemic animals treated with R-H 2 O Fr. (15%). In vitro antioxidant experiments revealed that EtOAc Fr. Showed the highest radical scavenging activity on DPPH (79.5±0.4%), whereas CHCl 3 Fr. exhibited the maximum reducing power. The highest total phenolic content was observed in CHCl 3 Fr. (18.5±0.6% gallic acid equivalent g/g fraction) but no correlation was observed between the antidiabetic activity of fractions and their phenolic contents. Our findings support the traditional usage of R. canina fruits as a folk remedy in the treatment of diabetes in Turkey.
Fruits of ten different Rosa taxa were analysed for their contents of total phenolics and carotenoids. The results show a wide range in the content of the total carotenoids depending on species/cultivars, whereas there was less variation in the content of total phenolics. The antioxidants in rose hips may have potentially beneficial health effects, in contrast to the adverse effects reported from supplementation with synthetic β-carotene in intervention trials with smokers. The variation in antioxidant levels noticed in this investigation is important knowledge for the selection of plant material to be used in food production, health industry, and future breeding programs.