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ILIC2018
802
E.Mail: sherzad.sulaiman@su.edu.krd
Sherzadaziz@gmail.com
doi:10.23918/ilic2018.30
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Abstract
ILIC2018
803
The Iraqi former Regimes attitude against the population of Kurdistan lead
to a wide spread experience of Enforced Disappearance cases, and a huge number
of victims are recorded ,in consequence the Iraqi High Criminal Court Law No.
(10) In 2005 criminalized the Enforced Disappearance According to the article
(12), and considered such crimes as crimes against humanity. And mentioned in
article (22) that the victims' relatives and injured Iraqi persons have the right to sue
before this court against the accused (Persons) about such acts which creating a
crime according the rules of this law for the injuries they harmed…" The
international community also determined to prevent enforced disappearances and to
combat impunity for the crime of enforced disappearance, considering the right of
any person not to be subjected to enforced disappearance, the right of victims to
justice and to reparation, and issued the International Convention for the Protection
of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance in 2006. This reaserch aims at
declaring the Iraqi law position, and tries to answer the questions arises from this
issue. Such as does the Iraqi civil law system capable to cover all civil effects of the
mentioned crime? Is it able to accomplish the international obligation which
imposes upon each state party to ensure in its legal system that the victims of
enforced disappearance have the right to obtain reparation and prompt, fair and
adequate compensation? Whether civil law traditional Rules are suitable for this
purpose or not? It is worth mentioning that (Article 24/4) covers material and moral
damages and, where appropriate, other forms of reparation such as: ( a )
Restitution;( b ) Rehabilitation; ( c ) Satisfaction, including restoration of dignity
and reputation; ( d ) Guarantees of non-repetition". These items attracted us to
compare the Iraqi law system concerning to the Reparation and Compensation with
the mentioned International Mechanisms. The significance of this subject arises
from the importance of the victims, and their suffer from these inhuman practices
against population of Kurdistan Region.
ILIC2018
804
.
(
)
General Assembly Resolution (GA Res.) 47/133, 18 December 1992.
(
)
Inter-American Convention on the Forced Disappearance of Persons, 9 June 1994, OAS
Treaty Series No. 68, 33 ILM 1429.
(
)
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. UN. Doc. A/CONF.183/9/1998.
(
)
International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Dısappearance, 12
January 2007, G.A. Res. 61/177, U.N. Doc. A/RES/61/177.
)61/177A/RES/(
٢٠١] : ٢٦ / ٢٠١٤[
ILIC2018
805
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)) : - ﻬﺑ :
٢٠١] : ٢٦ / ٢٠١٤[
.
Meurice, Justinas Žilinskas. THE CONCEPT OF ENFORCED -See: Dalia Vitkauskaitė
)
(
DISAPPEARANCES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW, Jurisprudence 2010, 2(120), p. 198.
ILIC2018
806
"
"
-1
ﻬﺗ -2 ﻬﺗ .
)
(
.)1994American Convention on Enforced Disappearance of Persons (-See: the Inter
Kurt v. Turkey, 1998-III Eur. Ct. H.R. 66 (citing The Inter-American Convention on Forced
Disappearance of Persons, art. 2, June 9, 1994, 33 I.L.M. 1 5 29) See for more: OPHELLA
CLAUDE, A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES IN THE
INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE EUROPEAN COURT OF
HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERCULTURAL HUMAN RIGHTS LA WREVIEW [Vol. 5],2010, (Pp. 407-
462), P.432.
(
)See for more: OPHELLA CLAUDE,Op. Cit.P.433-460. Gedwongen Verdwijning,Enforced
Disappearance Determining State Responsibility under the International Convention for the
Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, School of Human Rights Research
Series, Volume 51. Typesetting: Editing Department, Utrecht University School of Law, 2012.P.
49-66.
(
) Dalia Vitkauskaitė-Meurice, Justinas Žilinskas, Op. Cit.p. 198.
ILIC2018
807
Reparation
.
(
)See fore more:
Theo Van Boven, Victims' Rights to a Remedy and Reparation: The New
United Nations Principles and Guidelines, Reparations for Victim,- of Genocide, war Crimes and
Crimes Against humanity, © 2009 Koninklijke Brill NV. Printed in the Netherlands. (Pp.19-
40.).P.35. The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gr oss Human Right s Violat ions – A
Practit ioners’ Guide, © Copyright International Commission of Juris ts, 2006, P.109.
(
)See for more: The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gr oss Human Right s Violat ions
– A Practit ioners’ Guide, Ibid.. P.111.
(
)See for more: The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gr oss Human Right s Violat ions
– A Practit ioners’ Guide, Ibid, P.The same.
(
)See for more: The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gr oss Human Right s Violat ions
– A Practit ioners’ Guide, Ibid. P.The Same.
ILIC2018
808
٨ ٢ ٦ ١٤ ٣٩ ٣ ١٨ / ١٩٠٧) ( ٩١ ١٢ / ١٩٤٩
٧ ٢٥
:
: -
.
)
(
.
(
)
UN General Assembly resolution no. A/RES/60/147 Basic Principles and Guidelines on the
Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights
Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, § 4 and 5.21.
60/147A/RES/
60/147A/RES/
60/147A/RES/
ILIC2018
809
Right to Truth
Bridget Mayeux & Justin Mirabal,COLLECTIVE AND MORAL REPARATIONS IN THE
)
(
INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL
OF LAW, 2009, P.15.
ILIC2018
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. : .
:
(
)
See for more: Gedwongen Verdwijning. Op.cit. P. 89-91.
60/147A/RES/
(
) See for more: The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gr oss Human Right s Violat
ions – A Practit ioners’ Guide, Op.Cit.P.123.
Bridget Mayeux & Justin Mirabal,Op.Cit. P.15-36.
60/147A/RES/
(
)See for more: The Right to a Remedy and to Reparat ion for Gross Human Right s Violat ions
– A Practit ioners’ Guide, OP.Cit.Pp.109-148.
ILIC2018
811
.
.
:
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60/147A/RES/
60/147A/RES/
Gedwongen Verdwijning. Op.Cit. P. 90.
60/147A/RES/
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