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Abstract

Another published paper of the author proposes that proton and neutron radii have contraction inside the atomic nuclei, generating a discrepancy of 8s between the neutron lifetime measured in beam and bottle experiments. According to the present theory, the neutron radius in beam experiments dilates from 0.26fm up to 0.87fm during the initial 8s, after which begins the process of decay. The present paper proposes a new neutron model with quark structure d(u-e-u), with an electron sandwiched between two up quarks. It reproduces very well all neutron properties, as for instance the radial charge distribution, impossible to be reproduced considering the current quark model ddu. So, the radial charge distribution of neutrons (obtained from beam experiments, if measured in the first initial 8 seconds of their lifetime) has to exhibit a curve a little different of that measured in 2007 in the Jefferson Lab. Here is proposed to JLab to repeat the experiment under such new condition.
Re-evaluation of Fermi’s theory of beta-decay
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... 1-The radial charge distribution in the neutron n= ddu does not fit well to the distribution measured by JLab, as shown in [16], where it is also shown that the radial charge distribution of the quark model n= d(u-e-u) (with an electron sandwiched between two quarks) fits very well to the measured by JLab. And what is very important: from such radial charge distribution (due to the radial position of the electron in the neutron structure) is calculated the magnetic moment of the neutron, and the value achieved is very close to the experimental [16]. ...
... 1-The radial charge distribution in the neutron n= ddu does not fit well to the distribution measured by JLab, as shown in [16], where it is also shown that the radial charge distribution of the quark model n= d(u-e-u) (with an electron sandwiched between two quarks) fits very well to the measured by JLab. And what is very important: from such radial charge distribution (due to the radial position of the electron in the neutron structure) is calculated the magnetic moment of the neutron, and the value achieved is very close to the experimental [16]. 2-The magnetic moment calculated from the standard quark model n= ddu is not close to the value measured by experiments. ...
... The value calculated is 1,86 N, and the experimental is 1,913 N). Whereas in [16] the magnetic moment from the model n= d(u-e-u) is calculated from two different and independent procedures of calculation, both them given values very close to the experimental. ...
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In 2015 the author began his attempt to discover the atomistic structure for the elementary particles electric field he believed to exist in Nature. In 2017 he discovered that according to such atomistic theory he conceived, only lines of electrical force that interact at 90 degrees produce a force of repulsion, or attraction. This sort of field means that Coulomb's Law is incomplete, and that for two particles at rest the interaction force does not always vary with the inverse of the square of the distance d. For distances d smaller than the Bohr radius, the Coulomb interaction varies with the inverse of d raised to X, and the value of X decreases as the distance d becomes smaller. In 2019 an article by the author was published, demonstrating that the electrical repulsion within atomic nuclei is much lower than that calculated by standard Coulomb's Law. At the beginning of 2023, this significant collapse in repulsion within atomic nuclei was confirmed by an experiment carried by Kegel et al. In this present article it is demonstrated that this author's new complete Coulomb Law is in agreement with the results achieved by the 2023 experiment. The present theory is also confirmed by a new experimental discovery, published in June 2024.
... Gamow's paradox implies that protons and neutrons cannot be bound via strong nuclear force inside the atomic nuclei, as already shown herein. And as the strong force does not play any rule for the stability of the stable atomic nuclei, this means that we don't need to consider it any longer, and we conclude that strong nuclear force does not ex-RSCA of Reid [7]; TSB and TSC of de Tourreil and Sprung [8]; HJ of Hamada and Johnston [9]; TRS of de Tourreil, et al. [10]; L1, L2, 2, 4, …, 6 of Mustafa [11]; r1, r3, …, r7 of Mustafa, et al. [12]; MHKZ of Mustafa, et al. [13]; and a, b, c, …, i of Mustafa [14]. These thirty-three potential models have different deuteron properties, such as deuteron quadrupole moment Q D , D-state probability P D , asymptotic D-state amplitude A D and asymptotic ratio ξ. ...
... The electric quadrupole moment for the deuteron is calculated in [13], from the graphic on charge tected that 88Rα224 has pear shape [11]. ...
... If they had contributions in contrary directions, their total contribution would be 3.7988/1.1663, in a direction determined by the proton contribution, because it has biggest μ(p) = 2.793. 13. For oxygen-15, whose radius is R = 1.25 × 15 1/3 = 3.08277, the power rotation is: ...
... unlike alpha particles which are emitted in discrete energy, the beta particle has a continuous energy spectrum extending from zero to its maximum value. According to Fermi's theory, the beta decay is followed by a massless and chargeless particle known as neutrino or anti-neutrino [21]. For Ni-63, the beta particle emitted with an average and maximum kinetic energy of 0.0171 MeV and 0.0667 MeV, respectively [20]. ...
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A typical planar structure is the most feasible conceptual design of betavoltaic battery due to its simplicity. The self-absorption of beta source, however, causes a limitation to the geometrical efficiency. Herein, we tried to investigate the self-absorption event in Ni-63 beta source by changing the geometrical aspects and evaluated its effect on each layer of a 4H-SiC semiconductor as the radiation-electricity converter. The design configuration from previous literature was adopted and the model was developed using Monte Carlo N-Particle X (MCNPX) consists of radioisotope source, semiconductor, and also ohmic contacts. The energy of beta emission was adjusted to the actual Ni-63 beta spectra with an isotropic distribution of ejected particles. The average beta energy deposition degrades along with the addition of source mass thickness, but the n+ substrate has a unique result where a peak is observed at 0.1246 mg/cm2 due to the self-absorption effect. Furthermore, the rectangular surface area magnification gives a positive impact on the beta energy deposition up to 2.48% and the photon average energy deposition up to 137.21%. The results of average electron absorbed dose are consistent with Oldano-Pasquarelli semi-empirical theory of self-absorption in the beta source, where the upper layer receives a wider angular distribution of particles compared to the lower one, which corresponds to the counting geometrical coefficients.
... Proton formed by two up quarks, one down quark, and two big G gluons(Guglinski, 2018c). ...
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Several new experimental findings have shown that atomic nuclei cannot have similar structure of that adopted in the Standard Nuclear Physics (SNP), because there are insurmountable obstacles to be transposed. Nuclear theorists have tried to explain some of the misfires with bizarre theories, but there is a failure impossible to be explained by any theoretical attempt, and such failure impossible to be solved represents the definitive proof that SNP works through wrong foundations. The failure comes from the excited isotopes carbon-12, oxygen-16, argon-36, calcium-40, and calcium-42. All them with spin 2, have null magnetic moments, but this is impossible, because it’s any combination of spins from which those excited isotopes, with spin 2, may have null magnetic moment, if we try to explain it with any of the current nuclear models of the SNP. And the unavoidable conclusion is that it’s impossible to eliminate the inconsistences of the SNP by keeping its current fundamental premises.
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