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HBIM METHODOLOGY AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN ITALY AND ARGENTINA
Abstract
The availability of efficient HBIM workflows could represent a very important change towards a more efficient management of the historical real estate. The present work shows how to obtain accurate and reliable information of heritage buildings through reality capture and 3D modelling to support restoration purposes or knowledge-based applications. Two cases studies metaphorically joint Italy with Argentina. The research article explains the workflows applied at the Palazzo Ferretti at Ancona and the Manzana Histórica de la Universidad National del Litoral, providing a constructive comparison and blending technological and theoretical approaches. In a bottom-up process, the assessment of two cases study validates a workflow allowing the achievement of a useful and proper data enrichment of each HBIM model. Another key aspect is the Level of Development (LOD) evaluation of both models: different ranges and scales are defined in America (100–500) and in Italy (A–G), nevertheless is possible to obtain standard shared procedures, enabling facilitation of HBIM development and diffusion in operating workflows.
... To address this challenge, some authors have attempted to develop more generalized strategies and protocols for HBIM modeling that are applicable to various CH cases, although they are often tested on specific heritage examples [41]. However, some protocols have been successfully created and tested in multiple countries [42], defining categories of non-graphical data for similar heritage buildings and establishing common workflows and data collection strategies. ...
Historic building information modeling (HBIM) represents an emerging field that extends traditional building information modeling (BIM) to the preservation, management, and analysis of heritage structures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of HBIM, tracing its evolution from its origins and early applications to its current state and future prospects. The processes of data collection and modeling are thoroughly examined, addressing levels of detail, digitization methods, and commonly used software and data formats. Attention is also given to existing BIM standards and protocols and their potential application to HBIM. The paper emphasizes the importance of appropriate data selection and management, both for geometrical and non-geometrical (historical and architectural) information. Furthermore, it explores the integration of HBIM with structural analysis tools, a subject of growing interest, particularly in light of its potential for integration with structural health monitoring systems and advanced computational models. The results of this review highlight the increasing role of HBIM in heritage preventive preservation and management, a topic that accounted for 40% of the articles on this subject in 2023. These findings demonstrate that HBIM offers significant potential for managing and preserving heritage buildings, but to fully realize its capabilities, advancements in data interoperability, standardized protocols, and real-time structural analysis are essential to make it a widely effective tool in conservation efforts.
... This survey served as main reference and for correcting two-dimensional surveys (A. Moreira, 2018) In addition, TLS's millimeter-level accuracy, resolution, and three-dimensional geometry enabled researchers reexamine flaws and omissions made by hand measurements in previous surveys [59]. TLS were employed to meet the architectural scale graphic detail requirements [53]. ...
It is essential in today's world to protect and maintain cultural heritage in the face of threats posed by modernity, development, and climate change, all of which have the potential to shorten the useful lifespan of cultural heritage. On the other hand, the effort involved in conservation is far more challenging since incomplete documentation frequently leads to misunderstandings and incorrect interpretations. Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a tool that came into latter part of the 2000s with the intention of assisting in the management of the conservation, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of heritage structures. When it comes to the management and digitization of documents associated with historical buildings and artefacts, HBIM is often regarded as the most trustworthy tools available. The main objective of this paper is to identify theories concerning HBIM based on theoretical review conducted via online database. On 9th October 2022, the search had been made using Scopus online database, 1346 articles and conferences paper were selected in this research, after screening phases, only 65 high quality articles were included. As a result, HBIM digitalization model is proposed.
... In the HBIM field, researchers and technicians often dealt with artworks or unique architectures with no chance of parametrization. Nonetheless, due to the importance of the parametric intelligence, some cases aimed at achieving the right balance between HBIM features and the nature and needs of the buildings [24]. Barrile et al. (2022) [25] faced the issue of including specific information in the model through a segmentation of a historical manufact and by focusing on the implementation of a 4D method that provides the building's evolution over time. ...
Digitization of Cultural and Museum Heritage represents one of the most engaging challenges that would ensure a sustainable and ethical approach for next generations; digital technology’s pervasiveness imposes a comprehensive management of architectural heritage by producing facsimiles of buildings and artworks and by testing robust methodologies, with the final result of providing effective multipurpose models. In this context, the main goal of the present paper is to develop a semantically aware HBIM model that includes an intelligent objects parametrization, leveraging Extended Reality (XR) technologies and digital curation of contents to pursue the preservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) as a whole. This research is implemented in the case study of the Ducal Palace of Urbino that houses the National Gallery of Marche. It was chosen as a remarkable example of a museum located in an architectural complex with a relevant historical background and fine detail of shapes and mouldings. In Italy, as in other European scenarios, museums and their collections need suitable dissemination and management systems that take advantage of the recent digital paradigms. The challenging approach is to exploit existing platforms and software and to adopt a cognitive modelling process, able to develop tools supporting managers and museum curators while enabling user experiences using immersive and interactive features. In order to stress the workflow, this work proposes the use of families with high Level of Detail (LOD) and high Level of Information (LOI). The present article provides, as well, an accurate data enrichment process specifically designed for a gallery’s artworks such as paintings and sculptures, in line with the national and international policies. The study presents a robust and reproducible methodology for digital musealization and management, focusing, as future overall objectives, towards a greater merging between the HBIM approach and XR technologies, also facilitated by training new professional figures with more in-depth digital skills.
... It is also possible to find theoretical approaches in which intervention strategies and enrichment of the models are defined, even by comparing examples located in different countries [18]. ...
... The study took advantage of a previous research activity carried out by the Department of Construction, Civil Engineering, and Architecture at the Università Politecnica delle Marche. The above activity led to the development of a reality-based model of the palace, starting from the laser scanner survey and aimed at investigating the HBIM potential in defining taxonomies related to the geometrical configurations and rules of classical architecture [43]. Instead, the present study focused on both the Level of Geometry (LoG) and the Level of Information (LoI) an HBIM can guarantee, while highlighting the significant contribution of modeling to heritage conservation activities: modelling is itself a fundamental step for knowledge building and has to be intended as a learning process for architectural preservation. ...
This study focuses on modeling the fourth dimension of historic architectures with an HBIM approach and special regard to stratigraphic analysis. The goal is to push the limits of current technology to understand the history of buildings, with impacts on protecting their authenticity; it is pursued with a practitioners-oriented methodology able to make aware models of their phases. The target audience are experts in the field of heritage conservation, while the outcome is to support long-term strategies for the sustainable management of heritage. Contents follow this structure: (1) Introduction: this section frames the benefits of affirming heritage’s physical authenticity and managing risks; it clarifies assumptions and the research aim; (2) State of the Art: this highlights the topic relevance, which is not yet fully resolved, focusing on semantics, critical-interpretative data control, and on the automation of some crucial results; (3) Materials and Methods: this describes the integrated workflow, including the photogrammetric acquisition, modeling, and data enrichment, the semi-automatic Harris matrix construction, and the optimization of laser data; (4) Results: this presents the results of modelling stratigraphic units, enriching them with information according to a semantics coherent with the conservation process, to govern the temporal relations while automating key outputs; (5) Discussion: this section refines the implemented solutions and introduce future works.
... Oreni et al., (2014) and other BIM practitioners such as Autodesk and National Building Specifications have suggested that the realisation of the model and its database can be expounded through the creation of BIM library, with an easy and straightforward retrieval system. Moreira A., Quattrini R., Maggiolo G., & Mammoli R., (2018) and Lu et al., (2017) observed that designers would drag various objects from a library and add extra semantics such as materials when practicing BIM. There are lots of BIM objects libraries available nowadays. ...
Historical Malay Building Information Modelling (HMBIM) is a prototype library of historical Malay BIM objects, which are developed based on historical study on the architecture of Malay heritage. The objective of this paper is to outline a generic process of documentation and data management (data collection, modelling and retrieval using BIM), specific for the preservation and conservation effort of Malay architecture. This research employs multiple case studies technique and the process begins with the collection of data using multiple reliable sources namely archival reports, measured drawings and scan-to-BIM. HMBIM is enriched using reverse engineering approach where the information about building components are semantically identified according to Malay architecture characteristics and enriched into data coding system. Since there is no standard approach for conservators in the work of conservation, assembly and disassembly of Malay buildings in Malaysia, HMBIM is anticipated to be able to suggest ‘standard’ for the work. The main output for this paper is the creation of framework in demonstrating the processes involved.
... In consideration of this purpose and the need to contain acquisition times, it was decided to pay more attention to the communicative aspect of the point cloud rather than to its quality, intended as noise reduction in the scan data (Nespeca, 2018;Moreira et al., 2018;). Thus, 18 laser scans were produced with a resolution corresponding to a point density of 6.1 mm at 10 meters from the instrument (resolution ¼), 5 exposures for each shot and 2x quality. ...
In order to be properly handed down, especially in particular conditions with a high rate of vulnerability, cultural heritage requires
documentation and enhancement strategies. The case study presented in this paper is particularly critical not only for the
conservation conditions, but especially for the environmental conditions: the Catacombs of San Vittorino have complex conditions of
recovery, because of the nature of the artefact and because of the poor lighting of the main environments. For this particularity, a
workflow was developed that, in order to achieve the creation of an immersive device navigable by digital viewers such as Oculus
Rift or similar, required the start-up of shooting by laser scanning, and then treat the point cloud with different software, in order to
obtain a satisfactory result that, in other contexts, could have started easily from a photogrammetric shooting.
... In the H-BIM modelling of Palazzo Ferretti in Ancona, which houses the Archaeological Museum of the Marches (Moreira, Quattrini, Maggiolo, & Mammoli, 2018), BIM objects consisting of simplified volumes (cylinders) have been inserted to represent the archaeological finds linked to an external database containing the information (texts, images, 3D models). ...
p>The paper deals with an ongoing research activity for developing a Building Information Model (BIM) for the facility and collections management of museums. The BIM success lies not only in its application for the design and construction of buildings but also because it helps the information management of a building throughout its life cycle. Compared to other activities, in museums management, the container/content relationship is essential for the preventive conservation of artworks, according to national and international guidelines. Then, an effective BIM-based museum information system linked to external databases (called M-BIM) should include also the art collections for managing information regarding both the building and artworks by 3D objects handling. This facilitates the management of the procedures prescribed by international best practices (as the facility and conservation reports set up for the loan of artworks) or by Italian regulations (as to check the compliance of a museum with the minimum standards or to archive renovations and temporary exhibitions). The proposed methodology has been tested on the Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze (Florence, Italy), situated in a complex heritage building. Starting from data acquired during a laser scanner survey carried out in 2011, a HBIM of the whole building has been created. Then, the sculptures and paintings of a consistent part of the museum have been modelled with different approaches and inserted as BIM objects. Artworks instances include 3D geometry and physical data (dimensions, materials, weight, etc.), other data are obtained from links to already existing external catalogues. A database conceptual model has been formalised, according to INSPIRE Consolidated Unified Modelling Language (UML) of the INSPIRE Directive, with the aim to maintain the independence of the BIM approach but improving data connection with other databases and sources.
Highlights:
A holistic information management system for museums (M-BIM) is proposed, including both information on the building and the collections.
International and Italian guidelines, and best practices on museums management are compared.
The Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze is used as a case study for testing the application of M-BIM on a heritage building.
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... Several studies have been developed focusing on heritage documentation workflow [16][17][18][19][20], which were important references for the methodological planning of HBIM development for Casa de Vidro. Casa de Vidro's HBIM was developed considering the following steps: modeling planning; data acquisition; model elaboration; pathologies and damage recording; data management; management and process documentation. ...
Lina Bo Bardi’s Glass House (Casa de Vidro) is a National Historic Landmark designed and built in the late 1940s in São Paulo, Brazil. The house is one of the symbols of modern Brazilian mid-century architecture. It is a historiographical reference of the history of modern architecture in Brazil. This article reports the experience, outcomes, challenges, benefits, and limitations of the Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) process. The HBIM was developed for Lina’s Glass House considering the following steps: modeling planning; data acquisition; model elaboration; recording of pathologies and damage; data management; documentation process. The HBIM developed includes historical information and geometric data from direct measurements, laser scanning, photographic survey, and pathologies documentation. The model allows professionals responsible for architecture, conservation, and restoration to access integrated information on projects and the current condition of the buildings easily and quickly. Good precision was achieved for important building elements, contributing to maintenance and restoration actions. This experience allowed the development of an integrated workflow of activities for collecting, processing, recording, and managing information that may serve as a baseline for future projects for the documentation of modernist buildings.
Historical heritage is demanding robust pipelines for obtaining Heritage Building Information Modeling models that are fully interoperable and rich in their informative content. The definition of efficient Scan-to-BIM workflows represent a very important step toward a more efficient management of the historical real estate, as creating structured three-dimensional (3D) models from point clouds is complex and time-consuming. In this scenario, semantic segmentation of 3D Point Clouds is gaining more and more attention, since it might help to automatically recognize historical architectural elements. The way paved by recent Deep Learning approaches proved to provide reliable and affordable degrees of automation in other contexts, as road scenes understanding. However, semantic segmentation is particularly challenging in historical and classical architecture, due to the shapes complexity and the limited repeatability of elements across different buildings, which makes it difficult to define common patterns within the same class of elements. Furthermore, as Deep Learning models requires a considerably large amount of annotated data to be trained and tuned to properly handle unseen scenes, the lack of (big) publicly available annotated point clouds in the historical building domain is a huge problem, which in fact blocks the research in this direction. However, creating a critical mass of annotated point clouds by manual annotation is very time-consuming and impractical. To tackle this issue, in this work we explore the idea of leveraging synthetic point cloud data to train Deep Learning models to perform semantic segmentation of point clouds obtained via Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The aim is to provide a first assessment of the use of synthetic data to drive Deep Learning--based semantic segmentation in the context of historical buildings. To achieve this purpose, we present an improved version of the Dynamic Graph CNN (DGCNN) named RadDGCNN. The main improvement consists on exploiting the radius distance. In our experiments, we evaluate the trained models on synthetic dataset (publicly available) about two different historical buildings: the Ducal Palace in Urbino, Italy, and Palazzo Ferretti in Ancona, Italy. RadDGCNN yields good results, demonstrating improved segmentation performances on the TLS real datasets.
In the last decade, the paradigm Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) was investigated to exploit the possibilities offered by the application of BIM to historical buildings. In the Cultural Heritage domain, the BIM-oriented approach can produce 3D models that are data collector populated by both geometrical and non-geometrical information related to various themes: historical documents, monitoring data, structural information, conservation or restoration state and so on. The realization of a 3D model fully interoperable and rich in its informative content could represent a very important change towards a more efficient management of the historical real estate. The work presented in these pages outlines a novel approach to solve this interoperability issue, by developing and testing a workflow that exploits the advantages of BIM platforms and Semantic-Web technologies, enabling the user to query a repository composed of semantically structured and rich HBIM data. The presented pipeline follows four main steps: (i) the first step consists on modeling an ontology with the main information needs for the domain of interest, providing a data structure that can be leveraged to inform the data-enrichment phase and, later, to meaningfully query the data. (ii) Afterwards, the data enrichment was performed, by creating a set of shared parameters reflecting the properties in our domain ontology. (iii) To structure data in a machine-readable format, a data conversion was needed to represent the domain (ontology) and analyze data of specific buildings respectively; this step is mandatory to reuse the analysis data together with the 3D model, providing the end-user with a querying tool. (iv) As a final step in our workflow, we developed a demonstrative data exploration web application based on the faceted browsing paradigm and allowing to exploit both structured metadata and 3D visualization. This research demonstrates how is possible to represent a huge amount of specialized information models with appropriate LOD and Grade in BIM environment and then guarantee a complete interoperability with IFC/RDF format. Relying on semantically structured data (ontologies) and on the Linked Data stack appears a valid approach for addressing existing information system issues in the CH domain and constitutes a step forward in the management of repositories and web libraries devoted to historical buildings.
In order to improve the framework for 3D modeling, a great challenge is to obtain the suitability of Building Information Model (BIM) platform for historical architecture. A specific challenge in HBIM is to guarantee appropriateness of geometrical accuracy. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of a whole HBIM approach for complex architectural shapes, starting from TLS point clouds. A novelty of our method is to work in a 3D environment throughout the process and to develop semantics during the construction phase. This last feature of HBIM was analyzed in the present work verifying the studied ontologies, enabling the data enrichment of the model with non-geometrical information, such as historical notes, decay or deformation evidence, decorative elements etc. The case study is the Church of Santa Maria at Portonovo, an abbey from the Romanesque period. Irregular or complex historical architecture, such as Romanesque, needs the construction of shared libraries starting from the survey of its already existing elements. This is another key aspect in delivering Building Information Modeling standards. In particular, we focus on the quality assessment of the obtained model, using an open-source sw and the point cloud as reference. The proposed work shows how it is possible to develop a high quality 3D model semantic-aware, capable of connecting geometrical-historical survey with descriptive thematic databases. In this way, a centralized HBIM will serve as comprehensive dataset of information about all disciplines, particularly for restoration and conservation. Moreover, the geometric accuracy will ensure also reliable visualization outputs.
The measurement of productivity is a complex task. The OECD has recently released a comprehensive manual or guide to the measurement of industry-level and aggregate productivity. In the fifth article, Paul Schreyer from the OECD and the author of the OECD productivity manual provides an overview of the manual. He highlights a number of the key issues addressed in the manual, including: the choice of gross output versus value added productivity measures; the need for independence of output from input measures; the importance of adjusting for quality change in existing goods and accounting for new goods in price indices; methods of capturing the skill composition of labour; measurement of capital input; and the interpretation of productivity measures. In terms of the research and development agenda for productivity statistics, Schreyer identifies four priorities: better price indices for output measures by industry, particularly for high technology industries and difficult-to-measure services industries; better data on hours worked by industry; improvement in the quality of data on capital input; and improved input-output tables.
Restoration is becoming a quite complex process: a large number of internal and external variables co-exist and may impair it. Among these, the large number of professionals involved and the huge amount of documentation produced can heavily affect the quality of the intervention as well as the possibility to have systemic and informed interventions in the future. In particular, a standardized method for storing restoration data and accessing them is still lacking, and the use of new technologies is still limited and/or not scalable. The paper describes the process of designing and testing an information system (IS) based on three-dimensional (3D) data, aimed to support the restoration of Neptune's Fountain in Bologna. In preparation of the restoration, a major effort was carried out to design and implement a web-based IS able to host all of the data produced, to allow the conservation-restoration specialists to interact on-site with an accurate 3D representation of the elements of the fountain, and to directly reference all information and data produced on the geometry of the model. The paper focuses on the challenges and adopted solutions related to the use of 3D models and the data mapping on 3D surfaces in the context of restoration documentation. Highly detailed visualizations of the models, easy navigation, and usable functionalities to add information directly on the 3D model have been achieved by extending the available solutions and by implementing new mechanisms to overcome the limitations of WebGL and remote rendering. Neptune IS' development has been extensively experimented in a real context of use. Results and knowledge from the experimentation currently represents the basis for evolving Neptune IS into a possible generic and flexible platform for documentation management in the field of restoration and related methodologies.
From the Publisher:
The definitive primer on knowledge management, this book will establish the enduring vocabulary and concepts and serve as the hands-on resource of choice for fast companies that recognize knowledge as the only sustainable source of competitive advantage. Drawing on their work with more than 30 knowledge-rich firms, the authors-experienced consultants with a track record of success-examine how all types of companies can effectively understand, analyze, measure, and manage their intellectual assets, turning corporate knowledge into market value. They consider such questions as: What key cultural and behavioral issues must managers address to use knowledge effectively?; What are the best ways to incorporate technology into knowledge work?; What does a successful knowledge project look like-and how do you know when it has succeeded? In the end, say the authors, the human qualities of knowledge-experience, intuition, and beliefs-are the most valuable and the most difficult to manage. Applying the insights of Working Knowledge is every manager's first step on that rewarding road to long-term success. A Library Journal Best Business Book of the Year. "For an entire company...to have knowledge, that information must be coordinated and made accessible. Thomas H. Davenport...and Laurence Prusak... offer an elegantly simple overview of the 'knowledge market' aimed at fulfilling that goal.... Working Knowledge provides practical advice about implementing a knowledge-management system....A solid dose of common sense for any company looking to acquire -- or maintain -- a competitive edge."--Upside, June 1998
This paper presents an innovative procedure to create parametric building information modelling (BIM) objects from point clouds of complex architectural features. BIM technology requires an advanced parametric representation of the geometry involving spatial relationships, constraints and material properties. The aim of the procedure is a BIM-based reconstruction methodology that preserves the level of detail encapsulated in photogrammetric and laser-scanning point clouds, and relies on non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS) curves. The particular case of architectural objects with irregular shapes is addressed due to the lack of commercial BIM software able to handle such buildings. An actual case study made up of 7·5 billion points is discussed to demonstrate the use of the proposed procedure with huge point-cloud datasets. © 2015 The Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Building information modeling (BIM) and related digital innovations can serve as a catalyst for more transparency, tighter integration, and increased productivity in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Yet, many project teams struggle with how to work based on the new technology. Collaborative design based on shared information systems like BIM requires changing traditional and institutionalized work practices and routines. A case study of integrated BIM design in a large healthcare construction project serves as an example for how commonly experienced challenges can be overcome. The project has been awarded BuildingSMART's 2015 award for 'outstanding open BIM practice' making it Norway's role model for BIM practice. Based on diffusion of innovations theory, we identified the following set of key factors enabling digital collaboration in this project: change agents, new roles and responsibilities, a cloud computing infrastructure, BIM contracts, and a BIM learning environment. The findings presented in this article may serve as an example for BIM implementation and collaborative work in construction projects.
A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation
- F I Apollonio
- M Gaiani
- Z Sun
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Parametric accuracy: Building Information Modeling process applied to the cultural heritage preservation
- S Garagnani
- A M Manferdini
Garagnani, S., Manferdini, A.M., 2013. Parametric accuracy:
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Citeseer, pp. 87-92.