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Aim: To evaluate the haematopoietic property of citrullus lanatus seed extract by determining the phytochemical, cytological and histological profiles on the bone marrow of wistar rats. Methodology: Phytochemical properties were determined using a UNICAMM 969 atomic absorption spectrophotometer and functional groups were analyzed using Furrier Transform Infrared ray (FTIR). Fifteen (15) wistar rats average weights of 150 g were divided into three groups A, B, and C of 5 rats each. Group A (controls) received 0.1 ml saline while groups B and C received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus respectively for 14 days. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia using ketamine 50 mg/kg. Bone marrow was collected from the femoral shaft and stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and its smear was also stained cytologically using May-Grünwald-giemsa stain. Results: Atomic Absorbance Spectrum (AAS) revealed concentrations of 754.20 μg/kg, 53.70 μg/kg, 45.10 μg/kg, 24.20 mg/kg 11.80 μg/kg and 1.10 μg/kg for Iron, Zinc, Lead, Copper, Nickel and Cadmium ions respectively. The FTIR revealed presence of methyl, aldehyde, acetyl, carboxyl and ether groups. Bone marrow histology from groups B and C show greater cellularity compared to the control (group A). The cytology revealed more of myeloid precursors in the control and erythroid lymphoid precursors in the extract groups. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus seed extract has physiochemical properties which support its hematopoietic effect on the bone marrow and can be use as blood supplement.
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... This is typical of cellular adaptive changes in pathologic sites, which can also be attributed to the adverse effect of ketamine. Ketamine neurotoxic effects have been consistently reported in previous studies [11]. The co-administration of the extract in various dosages (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) with ketamine showed relatively normal neuronal histoarchtecture depicting the reversal of ketamine neurotoxic effect with the effective dose of 400mg/kg which also imply a clear dose dependent effect. ...
... The co-administration of the extract in various dosages (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) with ketamine showed relatively normal neuronal histoarchtecture depicting the reversal of ketamine neurotoxic effect with the effective dose of 400mg/kg which also imply a clear dose dependent effect. Several agents have been known to reverse the effects of ketamine including benzodiazepine and antipsychotics: clozapine, chlorpromazine, neostigmine and herbal agents such as memantine have exhibited/demonstrated anti-ketamine activities [10][11][12][13]. Ketamine is an NMDA receptor anta-gonist that depletes glutamergic activity where as this agent causes reversal of ketamine effect which suggests possible increased in the glutamergic activity particularly in pyramidal neurons. ...
... The identified functional groups include hydroxyl groups (OH), amine groups (N-H), aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (C-H), carbonyl groups (C=O), carbon-nitrogen bonds (C-N), and a sulfoxide group (S=O). These findings are consistent with previous studies [21], [22], [23], confirming the reliability of FTIR analysis. The observed peaks at specific frequencies provided valuable insights into https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.01-j ...
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This study focuses on employing solvent extraction to extract and characterize watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed oil. The physicochemical properties of the oil were investigated to assess its potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction process yielded an oil content of 43%. The oil exhibited a pH value of 4.02, refractive index of 1.452 at 25 °C, and specific gravity of 0.934 at 15 °C. The boiling point, cloud point, flash point, and melting point of oil were determined as 326 °C, 7.3 °C, 289 °C, and 2 °C, respectively. The oil's viscosity was measured as 0.04072 Pa.s, and it demonstrated a non-sooty flame nature and solubility in ether. The free fatty acid contents and acid value were determined at 3.339 % and 6.678 mg KOH/g, respectively. The saponification value (S.V) and iodine value (I.V.) were 147.6315 mg/KOH/g and 88.526 mg Iodine/g, respectively. Additionally, peroxide value was 16.40 meq peroxide/g, and the oil exhibited a congealing temperature range of-14 °C to 22 °C. The oil's retention factor during chromatography was determined as 1.6 cm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in the oil. These findings suggest that the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, amine, aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen bond, and sulfoxide groups in watermelon oil, indicate its potential suitability for a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
... Additionally, melon seeds are rich in essential amino acids such as arginine, methionine, tryptophan, vitamins, such as B 1 , B 2 and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, sulfur, and phosphorous [21,22]. They contain moderate quantities of minerals and proteins in addition to a high content of lycopene, which has considerable nutritional and health benefits [23]. Watermelon seed oil contains 28.10% total saturated fatty acids (SFA) against 71.9% unsaturated fatty acids, which in turn comprises 14.50% total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFA) and 57.40% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA). ...
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The consumption of plant-based dairy alternatives has increased rapidly around the world as a result of numerous positive health effects. Little information is available about the potential use of watermelon seed milk in the manufacture of yoghurt. The present study was undertaken to investigate the remedial action of yoghurt enriched with watermelon seed milk in renal injured hyperuricemic rats. A new yoghurt, substituting cow’s milk with different proportions of watermelon seed milk was prepared, followed by evaluation of its acceptability and functionality. Four different types of yoghurt were prepared from cow’s milk containing 3% fat, with different proportions of blended watermelon seed milk (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%). Sensorial traits, i.e., appearance, flavor, body and texture, and overall acceptability demonstrated that the blended treatment (50% cow’s milk and 50% watermelon seed milk.) was the most acceptable. This blend was then tested as an anti-hyperuricemia agent in rats. In this respect, twenty-four male albino rats were assigned into four groups (n = 6). The first group was solely administered a standard diet, and served as the negative control. The other rats (n = 18) received a basal diet including 20 g/kg dietary potassium oxonate in order to induce hyperuricemia. The hyperuricemic rats were then divided into three groups; the first group did not receive any treatment and served as the positive control, while the second and third groups were administered 10% cow’s milk yoghurt and 10% watermelon seed milk yoghurt, respectively. Interestingly, the results showed that the hyperuricemic group receiving a diet supplemented with 10% watermelon seed milk yoghurt was not significantly different from the negative control in the measured biological parameters, and saw a significant improvement in renal function compared to the positive control. The biologically favorable action of watermelon seed milk yoghurt could be attributed to its potential promotion of antioxidant status via enhancement of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione transferase. Collectively, this study concluded that watermelon seed milk can be used in yoghurt manufacturing in proportions of up to 50%, and may improve kidney function as an anti-hyperuricemic agent.
... Additionally, melon seeds are rich in essential amino acids such as arginine, methionine, tryptophan, vitamins, such as B 1 , B 2 and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, sulfur, and phosphorous [21,22]. They contain moderate quantities of minerals and proteins in addition to a high content of lycopene, which has considerable nutritional and health benefits [23]. Watermelon seed oil contains 28.10% total saturated fatty acids (SFA) against 71.9% unsaturated fatty acids, which in turn comprises 14.50% total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFA) and 57.40% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA). ...
Article
Full-text available
The consumption of plant-based dairy alternatives has increased rapidly around the world as a result of numerous positive health effects. Little information is available about the potential use of watermelon seed milk in the manufacture of yoghurt. The present study was undertaken to investigate the remedial action of yoghurt enriched with watermelon seed milk in renal injured hyperuricemic rats. A new yoghurt, substituting cow’s milk with different proportions of watermelon seed milk was prepared, followed by evaluation of its acceptability and functionality. Four different types of yoghurt were prepared from cow’s milk containing 3% fat, with different proportions of blended watermelon seed milk (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%). Sensorial traits, i.e., appearance, flavor, body and texture, and overall acceptability demonstrated that the blended treatment (50% cow’s milk and 50% watermelon seed milk.) was the most acceptable. This blend was then tested as an anti-hyperuricemia agent in rats. In this respect, twenty-four male albino rats were assigned into four groups (n = 6). The first group was solely administered a standard diet, and served as the negative control. The other rats (n = 18) received a basal diet including 20 g/kg dietary potassium oxonate in order to induce hyperuricemia. The hyperuricemic rats were then divided into three groups; the first group did not receive any treatment and served as the positive control, while the second and third groups were administered 10% cow’s milk yoghurt and 10% watermelon seed milk yoghurt, respectively. Interestingly, the results showed that the hyperuricemic group receiving a diet supplemented with 10% watermelon seed milk yoghurt was not significantly different from the negative control in the measured biological parameters, and saw a significant improvement in renal function compared to the positive control. The biologically favorable action of watermelon seed milk yoghurt could be attributed to its potential promotion of antioxidant status via enhancement of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione transferase. Collectively, this study concluded that watermelon seed milk can be used in yoghurt manufacturing in proportions of up to 50%, and may improve kidney function as an anti-hyperuricemic agent.
... Haematopoietic potentials of African medicinal plants such as Telferia occidentalis, Citrillus lanatus spinach and wheatgrass have been reported [17]. Phytochemicals such as beta-carotene, lutein, saponin and quercetin have been reported to be responsible for the observed haematopoietic potentials of these plants. ...
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Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) seeds are high in protein and fat, on enriching protein, it can find application as a protein source in various food formulations. Most of the processed foods are generally fortified with micronutrients. The effect of the matrix on the mineral bioavailability is highly important and hence investigated. Defatted flour and protein isolate were prepared from watermelon seed meal and chemical composition and functionality was analyzed by standard techniques. Multiple regression analysis was done to study the compositional influence on the mineral bioaccessibility. Invitro digestibility of the protein was good. The seeds were a moderate source of iron and zinc. The percent bioaccessibility of all the minerals were found to correlate (R = 0.97–0.99) with the concentration of phytate, tannin and oxalate contents. The seed components exhibited good functionality with good macro and micronutrient density and can find application in many food products.Highlights► Watermelon seed (WMS) isolate with 88 g protein per 100 g was prepared. ► Invitro digestibility of WMS protein was 88%. ► WMS proteins are rich in tryptophan, leucine, phenylalanine and arginine WMS isolate had 12.3 mg iron and 9.3 mg zinc per 100 g with moderate bioaccessibility. ► Functional properties of WMS proteins are good and find application in food products.
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Adult stem cells typically generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside, and thus the range of their differentiation is considered limited. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are different from other somatic stem cells in that they differentiate not only into the same mesodermal-lineage such as bone, cartilage, and adipocytes but also into other lineages of ectodermal and endodermal cells. Thus, MSCs are a unique type of adult stem cells. In addition, MSCs home to damaged sites, differentiate into cells specific to the tissue and contribute to tissue repair. Therefore, application of MSCs in the treatment of various diseases, including liver dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and central nervous system repair, has been initiated. Because MSCs are generally harvested as adherent cells from bone marrow aspirates, however, they comprise heterogeneous cell populations and their wide-ranging differentiation ability and repair functions are not yet clear. Recent evidence suggests that a very small subpopulation of cells that assume a repair function with the ability to differentiate into trilineage cells resides among human MSCs and effective utilization of such cells is expected to improve the repair effect of MSCs. This review summarizes recent advances in the clarification of MSC properties and discusses future perspectives.
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Bone marrow cellularity in untreated Fischer 344/N rats was subjectively evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin (H & E)-stained histologic sections from femur, tibia, humerus, sternum, lumbar vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, and skull of 2-, 4-, 7-, 16-, and 24-month-old males. Marrow cellularity varied with age of the rat and bone site sampled. Hematopoietic cellularity was consistently higher in rats less than 4 months of age and less consistently higher in 24-month-old rats versus intermediate age groups examined. The 24-month-old rats had the greatest animal-to-animal variation in cellularity. Site differences in bone marrow cellularity were present and similar at 4, 7, and 16 months. Mean percentage of marrow space occupied by hematopoietic cells ranged from 33-75%. Categories for histologic grading of bone marrow cellularity are presented. Sternum, femur, and humerus are recommended sites for histologic evaluation of bone marrow cellularity from conventional H & E-stained sections. Definitive evaluation and assessment of hematopoietic perturbations should not be solely based on subjective evaluation of routine histologic sections.
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