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Differences in Radio Broadcasting between Europe and America: two Separate Models and the Advent of the Digital Audio Broadcasting System
Abstract
The analog model of RF broadcasts was a domain more or less easily regulated by policy makers and the state authorities involved in the terrestrial range of its service provision. Channels were granted to legal entities or entrepreneurial consortia that were subject to public law applicable in that region. However, the advent of new mobile and digital technologies creates an amalgam of free on-line media providers and expensive, state regulated public goods that attests general state provisions to be scornful to many ambiguities and legislative gaps. Contemporary technology forcibly trends to deregulated models of supply and demand, with mixed results thus far. Diminished entities get, as of now, the better.
The popularity of Distance Learning during the Covid-19 lockdowns, apart from adhering to the doctrine of utilitarianism as a serviceable amenity for societies deprived of their natural outlets for mental effort, has also served as a forerunner for services and activities that could reshape the formal manner for conveying professional training. In the sphere of Educational TV, the exchange of standardized high-level emissions regulating the transfer of skills and knowledge on specific subjects has been plagued by phrenic pursuits to cling online learning material, designed for use in an Institute’s training courseware, as a de facto substitute compelling the thoroughness or comprehensiveness of regular study material. This research examines how this stance fits in accordance with facts or reality.KeywordsTertiary education onlineTechnical education and trainingBroadcastingEngagement and interaction
Like its analogue counterpart, digital radio is one of the 'older' forms of new media. The technology of digital radio broadcasting has been under active development for at least 25 years and has produced a number of different technical solutions, the longest established of which is Eureka-147 or Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). This article explores DAB's distinctly European vision for the future of broadcasting. DAB is traced to its origins in 1980s European research and development policy and its affinity with traditions of European public service broadcasting. Ironically, it was DAB's failure to capitalize on its 'Europeanness' that contributed to the fragmentary political support that it later received, compromising its subsequent implementation. From a contemporary perspective DAB's original mission, while visionary, to provide enhanced, interactive information and entertainment services through audio, text and visual content, appears to have misread trends towards convergence and appears out of step with contemporary media consumption patterns.
In common with most media and consumer technologies, radio is migrating from analogue to digital operation. Europe was the first region of the world to develop a digital replacement for traditional analogue broadcast radio. The Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) project began in 1987 and the first domestic DAB broadcasts began in 1995. However, DAB has made less progress than originally anticipated: some countries are at a relatively advanced level of development while others have not begun significant DAB services. This article examines the development of the DAB service in four European countries, illustrating the variability in modes of development. The different digital policies adopted by each country are key factors in these developments and we show how the existing state of analogue radio and the limitations of the technical system have shaped these policies.
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